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-
-Unicode versions of the X11 "misc-fixed-*" fonts
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> -- 2008-04-21
-
-
-This package contains the X Window System bitmap fonts
-
- -Misc-Fixed-*-*-*--*-*-*-*-C-*-ISO10646-1
-
-These are Unicode (ISO 10646-1) extensions of the classic ISO 8859-1
-X11 terminal fonts that are widely used with many X11 applications
-such as xterm, emacs, etc.
-
-COVERAGE
---------
-
-None of these fonts covers Unicode completely. Complete coverage
-simply would not make much sense here. Unicode 5.1 contains over
-100000 characters, and the large majority of them are
-Chinese/Japanese/Korean Han ideographs (~70000) and Korean Hangul
-Syllables (~11000) that cannot adequately be displayed in the small
-pixel sizes of the fixed fonts. Similarly, Arabic characters are
-difficult to fit nicely together with European characters into the
-fixed character cells and X11 lacks the ligature substitution
-mechanisms required for using Indic scripts.
-
-Therefore these fonts primarily attempt to cover Unicode subsets that
-fit together with European scripts. This includes the Latin, Greek,
-Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, and Hebrew scripts, plus a lot of
-linguistic, technical and mathematical symbols. Some of the fixed
-fonts now also cover Arabic, Thai, Ethiopian, halfwidth Katakana, and
-some other non-European scripts.
-
-We have defined 3 different target character repertoires (ISO 10646-1
-subsets) that the various fonts were checked against for minimal
-guaranteed coverage:
-
- TARGET1 617 characters
- Covers all characters of ISO 8859 part 1-5,7-10,13-16,
- CEN MES-1, ISO 6937, Microsoft CP1251/CP1252, DEC VT100
- graphics symbols, and the replacement and default
- character. It is intended for small bold, italic, and
- proportional fonts, for which adding block graphics
- characters would make little sense. This repertoire
- covers the following ISO 10646-1:2000 collections
- completely: 1-3, 8, 12.
-
- TARGET2 886 characters
- Adds to TARGET1 the characters of the Adobe/Microsoft
- Windows Glyph List 4 (WGL4), plus a selected set of
- mathematical characters (covering most of ISO 31-11
- high-school level math symbols) and some combining
- characters. It is intended to be covered by all normal
- "fixed" fonts and covers all European IBM, Microsoft, and
- Macintosh character sets. This repertoire covers the
- following ISO 10646-1:2000 (including Amd 1:2002)
- collections completely: 1-3, 8, 12, 33, 45.
-
- TARGET3 3282 characters
-
- Adds to TARGET2 all characters of all European scripts
- (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian), all
- phonetic alphabet symbols, many mathematical symbols
- (including all those available in LaTeX), all typographic
- punctuation, all box-drawing characters, control code
- pictures, graphical shapes and some more that you would
- expect in a very comprehensive Unicode 4.0 font for
- European users. It is intended for some of the more
- useful and more widely used normal "fixed" fonts. This
- repertoire is, with two exceptions, a superset of all
- graphical characters in CEN MES-3A and covers the
- following ISO 10646-1:2000 (including Amd 1:2002)
- collections completely: 1-12, 27, 30-31, 32 (only
- graphical characters), 33-42, 44-47, 63, 65, 70 (only
- graphical characters).
-
- [The two MES-3A characters deliberately omitted are the
- angle bracket characters U+2329 and U+232A. ISO and CEN
- appears to have included these into collection 40 and
- MES-3A by accident, because there they are the only
- characters in the Unicode EastAsianWidth "wide" class.]
-
-CURRENT STATUS:
-
- 6x13.bdf 8x13.bdf 9x15.bdf 9x18.bdf 10x20.bdf:
-
- Complete (TARGET3 reached and checked)
-
- 5x7.bdf 5x8.bdf 6x9.bdf 6x10.bdf 6x12.bdf 7x13.bdf 7x14.bdf clR6x12.bdf:
-
- Complete (TARGET2 reached and checked)
-
- 6x13B.bdf 7x13B.bdf 7x14B.bdf 8x13B.bdf 9x15B.bdf 9x18B.bdf:
-
- Complete (TARGET1 reached and checked)
-
- 6x13O.bdf 7x13O.bdf 8x13O.bdf
-
- Complete (TARGET1 minus Hebrew and block graphics)
-
-[None of the above fonts contains any character that has in Unicode
-the East Asian Width Property "W" or "F" assigned. This way, the
-desired combination of "half-width" and "full-width" glyphs can be
-achieved easily. Most font mechanisms display a character that is not
-covered in a font by using a glyph from another font that appears
-later in a priority list, which can be arranged to be a "full-width"
-font.]
-
-The supplement package
-
- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts-asian.tar.gz
-
-contains the following additional square fonts with Han characters for
-East Asian users:
-
- 12x13ja.bdf:
-
- Covers TARGET2, JIS X 0208, Hangul, and a few more. This font is
- primarily intended to provide Japanese full-width Hiragana,
- Katakana, and Kanji for applications that take the remaining
- ("halfwidth") characters from 6x13.bdf. The Greek lowercase
- characters in it are still a bit ugly and will need some work.
-
- 18x18ja.bdf:
-
- Covers all JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212, GB 2312-80, KS X 1001:1992,
- ISO 8859-1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,15, CP437, CP850 and CP1252 characters,
- plus a few more, where priority was given to Japanese han style
- variants. This font should have everything needed to cover the
- full ISO-2022-JP-2 (RFC 1554) repertoire. This font is primarily
- intended to provide Japanese full-width Hiragana, Katakana, and
- Kanji for applications that take the remaining ("halfwidth")
- characters from 9x18.bdf.
-
- 18x18ko.bdf:
-
- Covers the same repertoire as 18x18ja plus full coverage of all
- Hangul syllables and priority was given to Hanja glyphs in the
- unified CJK area as they are used for writing Korean.
-
-The 9x18 and 6x12 fonts are recommended for use with overstriking
-combining characters.
-
-Bug reports, suggestions for improvement, and especially contributed
-extensions are very welcome!
-
-INSTALLATION
-------------
-
-You install the fonts under Unix roughly like this (details depending
-on your system of course):
-
-System-wide installation (root access required):
-
- cd submission/
- make
- su
- mv -b *.pcf.gz /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/
- cd /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/
- mkfontdir
- xset fp rehash
-
-Alternative: Installation in your private user directory:
-
- cd submission/
- make
- mkdir -p ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
- mv *.pcf.gz ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
- cd ~/local/lib/X11/fonts/
- mkfontdir
- xset +fp ~/local/lib/X11/fonts (put this last line also in ~/.xinitrc)
-
-Now you can have a look at say the 6x13 font with the command
-
- xfd -fn '-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1'
-
-If you want to have short names for the Unicode fonts, you can also
-append the fonts.alias file to that in the directory where you install
-the fonts, call "mkfontdir" and "xset fp rehash" again, and then you
-can also write
-
- xfd -fn 6x13U
-
-Note: If you use an old version of xfontsel, you might notice that it
-treats every font that contains characters >0x00ff as a Japanese JIS
-font and therefore selects inappropriate sample characters for display
-of ISO 10646-1 fonts. An updated xfontsel version with this bug fixed
-comes with XFree86 4.0 / X11R6.8 or newer.
-
-If you use the Exceed X server on Microsoft Windows, then you will
-have to convert the BDF files into Microsoft FON files using the
-"Compile Fonts" function of Exceed xconfig. See the file exceed.txt
-for more information.
-
-There is one significant efficiency problem that X11R6 has with the
-sparsely populated ISO10646-1 fonts. X11 transmits and allocates 12
-bytes with the XFontStruct data structure for the difference between
-the lowest and the highest code value found in a font, no matter
-whether the code positions in between are used for characters or not.
-Even a tiny font that contains only two glyphs at positions 0x0000 and
-0xfffd causes 12 bytes * 65534 codes = 786 kbytes to be requested and
-stored by the client. Since all the ISO10646-1 BDF files provided in
-this package contain characters in the U+00xx (ASCII) and U+ffxx
-(ligatures, etc.) range, all of them would result in 786 kbyte large
-XCharStruct arrays in the per_char array of the corresponding
-XFontStruct (even for CharCell fonts!) when loaded by an X client.
-Until this problem is fixed by extending the X11 font protocol and
-implementation, non-CJK ISO10646-1 fonts that lack the (anyway not
-very interesting) characters above U+31FF seem to be the best
-compromise. The bdftruncate.pl program in this package can be used to
-deactivate any glyphs above a threshold code value in BDF files. This
-way, we get relatively memory-economic ISO10646-1 fonts that cause
-"only" 150 kbyte large XCharStruct arrays to be allocated. The
-deactivated glyphs are still present in the BDF files, but with an
-encoding value of -1 that causes them to be ignored.
-
-The ISO10646-1 fonts can not only be used directly by Unicode aware
-software, they can also be used to create any 8-bit font. The
-ucs2any.pl Perl script converts a ISO10646-1 BDF font into a BDF font
-file with some different encoding. For instance the command
-
- perl ucs2any.pl 6x13.bdf MAPPINGS/8859-7.TXT ISO8859-7
-
-will generate the file 6x13-ISO8859-7.bdf according to the 8859-7.TXT
-Latin/Greek mapping table, which available from
-<ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/>. [The shell script
-./map_fonts automatically generates a subdirectory derived-fonts/ with
-many *.bdf and *.pcf.gz 8-bit versions of all the
--misc-fixed-*-iso10646-1 fonts.]
-
-When you do a "make" in the submission/ subdirectory as suggested in
-the installation instructions above, this will generate exactly the
-set of fonts that have been submitted to the XFree86 project for
-inclusion into XFree86 4.0. These consists of all the ISO10646-1 fonts
-processed with "bdftruncate.pl U+3200" plus a selected set of derived
-8-bit fonts generated with ucs2any.pl.
-
-Every font comes with a *.repertoire-utf8 file that lists all the
-characters in this font.
-
-
-CONTRIBUTING
-------------
-
-If you want to help me in extending or improving the fonts, or if you
-want to start your own ISO 10646-1 font project, you will have to edit
-BDF font files. This is most comfortably done with the gbdfed font
-editor (version 1.3 or higher), which is available from
-
- http://crl.nmsu.edu/~mleisher/gbdfed.html
-
-Once you are familiar with gbdfed, you will notice that it is no
-problem to design up to 100 nice characters per hour (even more if
-only placing accents is involved).
-
-Information about other X11 font tools and Unicode fonts for X11 in
-general can be found on
-
- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html
-
-The latest version of this package is available from
-
- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts.tar.gz
-
-If you want to contribute, then get the very latest version of this
-package, check which glyphs are still missing or inappropriate for
-your needs, and send me whatever you had the time to add and fix. Just
-email me the extended BDF-files back, or even better, send me a patch
-file of what you changed. The best way of preparing a patch file is
-
- ./touch_id newfile.bdf
- diff -d -u -F STARTCHAR oldfile.bdf newfile.bdf >file.diff
-
-which ensures that the patch file preserves information about which
-exact version you worked on and what character each "hunk" changes.
-
-I will try to update this packet on a daily basis. By sending me
-extensions to these fonts, you agree that the resulting improved font
-files will remain in the public domain for everyone's free use. Always
-make sure to load the very latest version of the package immediately
-before your start, and send me your results as soon as you are done,
-in order to avoid revision overlaps with other contributors.
-
-Please try to be careful with the glyphs you generate:
-
- - Always look first at existing similar characters in order to
- preserve a consistent look and feel for the entire font and
- within the font family. For block graphics characters and geometric
- symbols, take care of correct alignment.
-
- - Read issues.txt, which contains some design hints for certain
- characters.
-
- - All characters of CharCell (C) fonts must strictly fit into
- the pixel matrix and absolutely no out-of-box ink is allowed.
-
- - The character cells will be displayed directly next to each other,
- without any additional pixels in between. Therefore, always make
- sure that at least the rightmost pixel column remains white, as
- otherwise letters will stick together, except of course for
- characters -- like Arabic or block graphics -- that are supposed to
- stick together.
-
- - Place accents as low as possible on the Latin characters.
-
- - Try to keep the shape of accents consistent among each other and
- with the combining characters in the U+03xx range.
-
- - Use gbdfed only to edit the BDF file directly and do not import
- the font that you want to edit from the X server. Use gbdfed 1.3
- or higher.
-
- - The glyph names should be the Adobe names for Unicode characters
- defined at
-
- http://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/archives/glyph.html
-
- which gbdfed can set automatically. To make the Edit/Rename Glyphs/
- Adobe Names function work, you have to download the file
-
- http://www.adobe.com/devnet/opentype/archives/glyphlist.txt
-
- and configure its location either in Edit/Preferences/Editing Options/
- Adobe Glyph List, or as "adobe_name_file" in "~/.gbdfed".
-
- - Be careful to not change the FONTBOUNDINGBOX box accidentally in
- a patch.
-
-You should have a copy of the ISO 10646 standard
-
- ISO/IEC 10646:2003, Information technology -- Universal
- Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS),
- International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2003.
- http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/
-
-and/or the Unicode 5.0 book:
-
- The Unicode Consortium: The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0,
- Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 2006,
- ISBN 9780321480910.
- http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0321480910/mgk25
-
-All these fonts are from time to time resubmitted to the X.Org
-project, XFree86 (they have been in there since XFree86 4.0), and to
-other X server developers for inclusion into their normal X11
-distributions.
-
-Starting with XFree86 4.0, xterm has included UTF-8 support. This
-version is also available from
-
- http://dickey.his.com/xterm/xterm.html
-
-Please make the developer of your favourite software aware of the
-UTF-8 definition in RFC 2279 and of the existence of this font
-collection. For more information on how to use UTF-8, please check out
-
- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html
- ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/utf8/Unicode-HOWTO.html
-
-where you will also find information on joining the
-linux-utf8@nl.linux.org mailing list.
-
-A number of UTF-8 example text files can be found in the examples/
-subdirectory or on
-
- http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/
-