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<div class="title">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers element </div> </div>
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<div class="textblock"><p>All registers of a peripheral are enclosed between the <em><registers></em> opening and closing tags. Clusters define a set of registers. You can either use the <em><cluster></em> or the <em><register></em> element.</p>
<p><b>Example:</b> </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">...</div>
<div class="line"><peripheral></div>
<div class="line"> <registers></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> </registers></div>
<div class="line"></peripheral></div>
<div class="line">...</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p><a class="anchor" id="elem_registers_sc"></a> <b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Registers Type Table">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_peripherals.html#elem_peripheral">peripheral</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_peripherals.html#elem_peripheral">/device/peripherals/peripheral element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_cluster">cluster</a> </td><td>Define the sequence of register clusters. </td><td>clusterType </td><td>0..* </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_register">register</a> </td><td>Define the sequence of registers. </td><td>registerType </td><td>1..* </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_cluster"></a>
/device/pripherals/peripheral/registers/.../cluster element</h1>
<p><b>Cluster</b> describes a sequence of neighboring registers within a peripheral. A <em><cluster></em> specifies the <em>addressOffset</em> relative to the <em>baseAddress</em> of the grouping element. All <em><register></em> elements within a <em><cluster></em> specify their <em>addressOffset</em> relative to the cluster base address (<em><peripheral.baseAddress></em> + <em><cluster.addressOffset></em>).</p>
<p>Multiple <em><register></em> and <em><cluster></em> sections may occur in any order. Since version 1.3 of the specification, the nesting of <em><cluster></em> elements is supported. Nested clusters express hierarchical structures of registers. It is predominantely targeted at the generation of device header files to create a C-data structure within the peripheral structure instead of a flat list of registers. Note, you can also specify an array of a cluster using the <em><dim></em> element.</p>
<p><a class="anchor" id="elem_cluster_sc"></a><b>/device/pripherals/peripheral/registers/.../cluster</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Cluster Level Schema">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html">registers</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_cluster">cluster</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_cluster">/device/pripherals/peripheral/registers/.../cluster element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Attributes </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><p class="starttd">derivedFrom</p>
<p class="endtd"></p>
</td><td>Specify the cluster name from which to inherit data. Elements specified subsequently override inherited values. <br/>
<b>Usage:</b><ul>
<li>Always use the full qualifying path, which must start with the peripheral <em><name></em>, when deriving from another scope. (for example, in periperhal <span class="XML-Token">B</span>, derive from <span class="XML-Token">peripheralA.clusterX</span>).</li>
<li>You can use the cluster <em><name></em> when both clusters are in the same scope.</li>
<li>No relative paths will work. <br/>
<b>Remarks:</b> When deriving a cluster, it is mandatory to specify at least the <em><name></em>, the <em><description></em>, and the <em><addressOffset></em>. </li>
</ul>
</td><td>registerType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>  </td><td colspan="3">Refer to <a class="el" href="elem_special.html#dimElementGroup_gr">dimElementGroup</a> for details. </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dim </td><td>Define the number of elements in an array of clusters. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimIncrement </td><td>Specify the address increment, in <span class="XML-Token">Bytes</span>, between two neighboring clusters of the cluster array. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimIndex </td><td>Specify the strings that substitute the placeholder <em>[%s]</em> within the cluster <em><name></em>. Use the placeholder <em>%s</em> in <em><name></em> when <em><dimIndex></em> is specified. </td><td>dimIndexType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimName </td><td>Specify the name of the C-type structure. If not defined, then the entry of the <em><name></em> element is used. </td><td>identifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td><a class="el" href="elem_special.html#elem_dimArrayIndex">dimArrayIndex</a> </td><td>Grouping element to create enumerations in the header file. </td><td>dimArrayIndexType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>name </td><td>String to identify the cluster. Cluster names are required to be unique within the scope of a peripheral. A list of cluster names can be build using the placeholder <em>%s</em>. Use the placeholder <em>[%s]</em> at the end of the identifier to generate arrays in the header file. The placeholder <em>[%s]</em> cannot be used together with <em><dimIndex></em>. </td><td>dimableIdentifierType </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>description </td><td>String describing the details of the register cluster. </td><td>xs:string </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>alternateCluster </td><td>Specify the name of the original cluster if this cluster provides an alternative description. </td><td>dimableIdentifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>headerStructName </td><td>Specify the struct type name created in the device header file. If not specified, then the name of the cluster is used. </td><td>identifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>addressOffset </td><td>Cluster address relative to the <em><baseAddress></em> of the peripheral. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>  </td><td colspan="3">Refer to <a class="el" href="elem_special.html#registerPropertiesGroup_gr">registerPropertiesGroup</a> for details. </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>size </td><td>Define the default bit-width of any device register (implicit inheritance). </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>access </td><td>Define access rights. </td><td>accessType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>protection </td><td>Specify the security privilege to access an address region. </td><td>protectionStringType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>resetValue </td><td>Define the default value for all registers at RESET. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>resetMask </td><td>Identify register bits that have a defined reset value. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_register">register</a> </td><td>Define a sequence of register within a cluster. </td><td>registerType </td><td>0..* </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_cluster">cluster</a> </td><td>Element to nest cluster definitions. </td><td>clusterType </td><td>0..* </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_register"></a>
/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register element</h1>
<p>The description of registers is the most essential part of SVD. If the elements <em><size></em>, <em><access></em>, <em><resetValue></em>, and <em><resetMask></em> have not been specified on a higher level, then these elements are mandatory on register level.</p>
<p>A register can represent a single value or can be subdivided into individual bit-fields of specific functionality and semantics. From a schema perspective, the element <em><fields></em> is optional, however, from a specification perspective, <em><fields></em> are mandatory when they are described in the device documentation.</p>
<p>You can define register arrays where the single description gets duplicated automatically. The size of the array is specified by the <em><dim></em> element. Register names get composed by the element <em><name></em> and the index-specific string defined in <em><dimIndex></em>. The element <em><dimIncrement></em> specifies the address offset between two registers.</p>
<p><b>Example:</b> </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">...</div>
<div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"> <name>TimerCtrl0</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>Timer Control Register</description></div>
<div class="line"> <addressOffset>0x0</addressOffset></div>
<div class="line"> <access>read-write</access></div>
<div class="line"> <resetValue>0x00008001</resetValue></div>
<div class="line"> <resetMask>0x0000ffff</resetMask></div>
<div class="line"> <size>32</size></div>
<div class="line"></<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span> derivedFrom=<span class="stringliteral">"TimerCtrl0"</span>></div>
<div class="line"> <name>TimerCtrl1</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>Derived Timer</description></div>
<div class="line"> <addressOffset>0x4</addressOffset></div>
<div class="line"></<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line">...</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p>This example describes two registers, <b>TimerCtrl0</b> and <b>TimerCtrl1</b>. The values defined for <b>TimerCtrl0</b> are inherited by the derived register <b>TimerCtrl1</b>, except for the value in <em><addressOffset></em>.</p>
<p><b>Example:</b> </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">...</div>
<div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"> <name>TIM_MODEA</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>In mode A <span class="keyword">this</span> <span class="keyword">register</span> acts as a reload value</description></div>
<div class="line"> <addressOffset>0xC</addressOffset></div>
<div class="line"></<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"> <name>TIM_MODEB</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>In mode B <span class="keyword">this</span> <span class="keyword">register</span> acts as the compare value</description></div>
<div class="line"> <alternateRegister>TIM_MODEA</alternateRegister></div>
<div class="line"> <addressOffset>0xC</addressOffset></div>
<div class="line"></<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"> <name>DMA_DATA</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>This <span class="keyword">register</span> contains the address of the data being transferred</description></div>
<div class="line"> <dataType>uint32_t *</dataType></div>
<div class="line"> <addressOffset>0xf0</addressOffset></div>
<div class="line"></<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line">...</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p>This example describes two registers, <b>TIM_MODEA</b> and <b>TIM_MODEB</b>. Both have the same address offset. Based on the configured operation model being A or B, the register acts as reload or compare value. The register DMA_DATA is specified as a pointer to unsigned word data. The code generated for the device header file is:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">struct </span>{</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keyword">union </span>{</div>
<div class="line"> __IO uint32_t TIM_MODEA;</div>
<div class="line"> __IO uint32_t TIM_MODEB;</div>
<div class="line"> };</div>
<div class="line"> __IO uint32_t * DMA_DATA; </div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line">} <peripheral:name>_Type;</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p><a class="anchor" id="elem_register_sc"></a> <b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Register Level Schema">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_cluster">cluster</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_cluster">/device/pripherals/peripheral/registers/.../cluster element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html">registers</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Attributes </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><p class="starttd">derivedFrom</p>
<p class="endtd"></p>
</td><td>Specify the register name from which to inherit data. Elements specified subsequently override inherited values. <br/>
<b>Usage:</b><ul>
<li>Always use the full qualifying path, which must start with the peripheral <em><name></em>, when deriving from another scope. (for example, in periperhal <span class="XML-Token">B</span>, derive from <span class="XML-Token">peripheralA.registerX</span>.</li>
<li>You can use the register <em><name></em> only when both registers are in the same scope.</li>
<li>No relative paths will work. <br/>
<b>Remarks:</b> When deriving, it is mandatory to specify at least the <em><name></em>, the <em><description></em>, and the <em><addressOffset></em>. </li>
</ul>
</td><td>xs:Name </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>  </td><td colspan="3">Refer to <a class="el" href="elem_special.html#dimElementGroup_gr">dimElementGroup</a> for details. </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dim </td><td>Define the number of elements in an array of registers. If <em><dimIncrement></em> is specified, this element becomes mandatory. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimIncrement </td><td>Specify the address increment, in <span class="XML-Token">Bytes</span>, between two neighboring registers. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimIndex </td><td>Specify the substrings that replaces the <em>%s</em> placeholder within <em>name</em> and <em>displayName</em>. By default, the index is a decimal value starting with 0 for the first register. <em>dimIndex</em> should not be used together with the placeholder <em>[%s]</em>, but rather with <em>%s</em>. </td><td>dimIndexType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimName </td><td>Specify the name of the C-type structure. If not defined, then the entry of the <em><name></em> element is used. </td><td>identifyerType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td><a class="el" href="elem_special.html#elem_dimArrayIndex">dimArrayIndex</a> </td><td>Grouping element to create enumerations in the header file. </td><td>dimArrayIndexType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>name </td><td>String to identify the register. Register names are required to be unique within the scope of a peripheral. You can use the placeholder <em>%s</em>, which is replaced by the <em>dimIndex</em> substring. Use the placeholder <em>[%s]</em> only at the end of the identifier to generate arrays in the header file. The placeholder <em>[%s]</em> cannot be used together with <em>dimIndex</em>. </td><td>registerNameType </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>displayName </td><td>When specified, then this string can be used by a graphical frontend to visualize the register. Otherwise the <em>name</em> element is displayed. <em>displayName</em> may contain special characters and white spaces. You can use the placeholder <em>%s</em>, which is replaced by the <em>dimIndex</em> substring. Use the placeholder <em>[%s]</em> only at the end of the identifier. The placeholder <em>[%s]</em> cannot be used together with <em>dimIndex</em>. </td><td>xs:string </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>description </td><td>String describing the details of the register. </td><td>xs:string </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>alternateGroup </td><td>Specifies a group name associated with all alternate register that have the same name. At the same time, it indicates that there is a register definition allocating the same absolute address in the address space. </td><td>xs:Name </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>alternateRegister </td><td>This tag can reference a register that has been defined above to current location in the description and that describes the memory location already. This tells the SVDConv's address checker that the redefinition of this particular register is intentional. The register name needs to be unique within the scope of the current peripheral. A register description is defined either for a unique address location or could be a redefinition of an already described address. In the latter case, the register can be either marked <em>alternateRegister</em> and needs to have a unique name, or it can have the same register name but is assigned to a register subgroup through the tag <em>alternateGroup</em> (specified in version 1.0). </td><td>identifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>addressOffset </td><td>Define the address offset relative to the enclosing element. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>  </td><td colspan="3" style="white-space:pre-wrap;">Refer to <a class="el" href="elem_special.html#registerPropertiesGroup_gr">registerPropertiesGroup</a> for details about the colored elements. </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>size </td><td>Defines the default bit-width of any register contained in the device (implicit inheritance). </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>access </td><td>Defines the default access rights for all registers. </td><td>accessType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>protection </td><td>Defines the protection rights for all registers. </td><td>protectionStringType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>resetValue </td><td>Defines the default value for all registers at RESET. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group2">
<td>resetMask </td><td>Identifies which register bits have a defined reset value. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>dataType </td><td>It can be useful to assign a specific native C datatype to a register. This helps avoiding type casts. For example, if a 32 bit register shall act as a pointer to a 32 bit unsigned data item, then <em>dataType</em> can be set to "uint32_t *". The following simple data types are predefined:<ul>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint8_t</span>: unsigned byte</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint16_t</span>: unsigned half word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint32_t</span>: unsigned word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint64_t</span>: unsigned double word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int8_t</span>: signed byte</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int16_t</span>: signed half word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int32_t</span>: signed world</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int64_t</span>: signed double word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint8_t *</span>: pointer to unsigned byte</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint16_t *</span>: pointer to unsigned half word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint32_t *</span>: pointer to unsigned word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">uint64_t *</span>: pointer to unsigned double word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int8_t *</span>: pointer to signed byte</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int16_t *</span>: pointer to signed half word</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int32_t *</span>: pointer to signed world</li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">int64_t *</span>: pointer to signed double word </li>
</ul>
</td><td>dataTypeType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>modifiedWriteValues </td><td>Element to describe the manipulation of data written to a register. If not specified, the value written to the field is the value stored in the field. The other options define bitwise operations: <ul>
<li><span class="XML-Token">oneToClear</span>: write data bits of one shall clear (set to zero) the corresponding bit in the register. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">oneToSet</span>: write data bits of one shall set (set to one) the corresponding bit in the register. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">oneToToggle</span>: write data bits of one shall toggle (invert) the corresponding bit in the register. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">zeroToClear</span>: write data bits of zero shall clear (set to zero) the corresponding bit in the register. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">zeroToSet</span>: write data bits of zero shall set (set to one) the corresponding bit in the register. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">zeroToToggle</span>: write data bits of zero shall toggle (invert) the corresponding bit in the register. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">clear</span>: after a write operation all bits in the field are cleared (set to zero). </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">set</span>: after a write operation all bits in the field are set (set to one). </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">modify</span>: after a write operation all bit in the field may be modified (default). </li>
</ul>
</td><td>modifiedWriteValuesType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_writeConstraint">writeConstraint</a> </td><td>Three mutually exclusive options exist to set write-constraints. </td><td>writeConstraintType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>readAction </td><td>If set, it specifies the side effect following a read operation. If not set, the register is not modified. The defined side effects are: <ul>
<li><span class="XML-Token">clear</span>: The register is cleared (set to zero) following a read operation. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">set</span>: The register is set (set to ones) following a read operation. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">modify</span>: The register is modified in some way after a read operation. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">modifyExternal</span>: One or more dependent resources other than the current register are immediately affected by a read operation (it is recommended that the register description specifies these dependencies).</li>
</ul>
Debuggers are not expected to read this register location unless explicitly instructed by the user. </td><td>readActionType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_fields">fields</a> </td><td>In case a register is subdivided into bit fields, it should be reflected in the SVD description file to create bit-access macros and bit-field structures in the header file. </td><td>fieldsType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_writeConstraint"></a>
/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register/.../writeConstraint element</h1>
<p>Define constraints for writing values to a field. You can choose between three options, which are mutualy exclusive.</p>
<p><b>Example:</b> </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span>></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> <useEnumeratedValues><span class="keyword">true</span></useEnumeratedValues></div>
<div class="line"> </writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <name>F_ONE</name></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> <range></div>
<div class="line"> <minimum>2</minimum></div>
<div class="line"> <maximum>4</maximum></div>
<div class="line"> </range></div>
<div class="line"> </writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <name>F_TWO</name></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> <writeAsRead><span class="keyword">true</span></writeAsRead></div>
<div class="line"> </writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <name>F_N</name></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> ... </div>
<div class="line"><<span class="keyword">register</span>> </div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p>The example shows write constraints defined on different levels. The write constrains on <em><register></em> level are propagated as default to all subsequent fields, especially to field <b>F_N</b>. Field <b>F_ONE</b> overwrites the default and sets the write range between <span class="XML-Token">2..4</span>. Other values cannot be written to this field. Field <b>F_TWO</b> overwrites the default and allows to write only the last read value.</p>
<p><a class="anchor" id="elem_writeConstraint_sc"></a><b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register/.../writeConstraint</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Write Constraints table">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_register">register</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_register">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_field">field</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_field">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../fields/field element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td>writeAsRead </td><td>If <span class="XML-Token">true</span>, only the last read value can be written. </td><td>xs:boolean </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td>useEnumeratedValues </td><td>If <span class="XML-Token">true</span>, only the values listed in the <a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_enumeratedValues">enumeratedValues</a> list can be written. </td><td>xs:boolean </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td>range </td><td>Contains the following two elements: </td><td>  </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">minimum </td><td>Specify the smallest number to be written to the field. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">maximum </td><td>Specify the largest number to be written to the field. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_fields"></a>
/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register/fields element</h1>
<p>Grouping element to define bit-field properties of a register.</p>
<p><b>Example:</b> </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">...</div>
<div class="line"><fields></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <name>TimerCtrl0_IntSel</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>Select interrupt line that is triggered by timer overflow.</description></div>
<div class="line"> <bitOffset>1</bitOffset></div>
<div class="line"> <bitWidth>3</bitWidth></div>
<div class="line"> <access>read-write</access></div>
<div class="line"> <resetValue>0x0</resetValue></div>
<div class="line"> <modifiedWriteValues>oneToSet</modifiedWriteValues></div>
<div class="line"> <writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> <range></div>
<div class="line"> <minimum>0</minimum></div>
<div class="line"> <maximum>5</maximum></div>
<div class="line"> </range></div>
<div class="line"> </writeConstraint></div>
<div class="line"> <readAction>clear</readAction></div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> ...</div>
<div class="line"> <field></div>
<div class="line"> <name>BIT1</name> </div>
<div class="line"> <description>test</description></div>
<div class="line"> <bitRange>[7:0]</bitRange> </div>
<div class="line"> <access>read-write</access></div>
<div class="line"> </field></div>
<div class="line"> ... </div>
<div class="line"></fields></div>
<div class="line">...</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p>The example creates two bit-files <b>TimerCtrl0_IntSel</b> and <b>BIT1</b>. The bit-field <b>TimerCtrl0_IntSel</b> has an bit offset of <span class="XML-Token">1</span> and a depth of <span class="XML-Token">3</span> bits, with unrestricted read and write access, a reset value of <span class="XML-Token">0</span> and a write constraint of <span class="XML-Token">oneToSet</span>, which means that only the written bit is changed. The value allowed to be written to the field range between <span class="XML-Token">0-5</span>. After a read operation, all bits are set to <span class="XML-Token">zero</span>.</p>
<p>The bit-field <b>BIT1</b>, described as a test field, has the size of <span class="XML-Token">8</span> bits and can be unlimited read and written.</p>
<p><a class="anchor" id="elem_fields_sc"></a> <b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register/fields</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Fields Level Schema">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_register">register</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_register">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_field">field</a> </td><td>Define the bit-field properties of a register. </td><td>fieldType </td><td>1..* </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_field"></a>
/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../fields/field element</h1>
<p>All fields of a register are enclosed between the <em><fields></em> opening and closing tags.</p>
<p>A bit-field has a name that is unique within the register. The position and size within the register can be decsribed in two ways:</p>
<ul>
<li>by the combination of the least significant bit's position (lsb) and the most significant bit's position (msb), or</li>
<li>the lsb and the bit-width of the field.</li>
</ul>
<p>A field may define an <em>enumeratedValue</em> in order to make the display more intuitive to read.</p>
<p><a class="anchor" id="elem_field_sc"></a> <b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../fields/field</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Field Level Schema">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_fields">fields</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_fields">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../register/fields element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Attributes </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td>derivedFrom </td><td>Specify the field name from which to inherit data. Elements specified subsequently override inherited values. <br/>
<b>Usage:</b><ul>
<li>Always use the full qualifying path, which must start with the peripheral <em><name></em>, when deriving from another scope. (for example, in periperhal <span class="XML-Token">A</span> and <span class="XML-Token">registerX</span>, derive from <span class="XML-Token">peripheralA.registerYY.fieldYY</span>.</li>
<li>You can use the field <em><name></em> only when both fields are in the same scope.</li>
<li>No relative paths will work. <br/>
<b>Remarks:</b> When deriving, it is mandatory to specify at least the <em><name></em> and <em><description></em>. </li>
</ul>
</td><td>xs:Name </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>  </td><td colspan="3">Refer to <a class="el" href="elem_special.html#dimElementGroup_gr">dimElementGroup</a> for details. </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dim </td><td>Defines the number of elements in a list. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimIncrement </td><td>Specify the address increment, in <span class="XML-Token">bits</span>, between two neighboring list members in the address map. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimIndex </td><td>Specify the strings that substitue the placeholder <em>%s</em> within <em><name></em> and <em><displayName></em>. </td><td>dimIndexType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td>dimName </td><td>Specify the name of the C-type structure. If not defined, then the entry in the <em><name></em> element is used. </td><td>identifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="group1">
<td><a class="el" href="elem_special.html#elem_dimArrayIndex">dimArrayIndex</a> </td><td>Grouping element to create enumerations in the header file. </td><td>dimArrayIndexType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>name </td><td>Name string used to identify the field. Field names must be unique within a register. </td><td>dimableIdentifierType </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>description </td><td>String describing the details of the register. </td><td>stringType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td><em>Choice of</em> </td><td colspan="2">Three mutually exclusive options exist to describe the bit-range: </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td colspan="4"><em>1. bitRangeLsbMsbStyle</em> </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">bitOffset </td><td>Value defining the position of the least significant bit of the field within the register. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">bitWidth </td><td>Value defining the bit-width of the bitfield within the register. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td colspan="4"><em>2. bitRangeOffsetWidthStyle</em> </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">lsb </td><td>Value defining the bit position of the least significant bit within the register. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">msb </td><td>Value defining the bit position of the most significant bit within the register. </td><td>scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td colspan="4"><em>3. bitRangePattern</em> </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">bitRange </td><td>A string in the format: "[<msb>:<lsb>]" </td><td>bitRangeType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_special.html#elem_access">access</a> </td><td>Predefined strings set the access type. The element can be omitted if access rights get inherited from parent elements. </td><td>accessType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>modifiedWriteValues </td><td>Describe the manipulation of data written to a field. If not specified, the value written to the field is the value stored in the field. The other options are bitwise operations: <ul>
<li><span class="XML-Token">oneToClear</span>: write data bit of one shall clear (set to zero) the corresponding bit in the field. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">oneToSet</span>: write data bit of one shall set (set to one) the corresponding bit in the field. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">oneToToggle</span>: write data bit of one shall toggle (invert) the corresponding bit in the field. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">zeroToClear</span>: write data bit of zero shall clear (set to zero) the corresponding bit in the field. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">zeroToSet</span>: write data bit of zero shall set (set to one) the corresponding bit in the field. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">zeroToToggle</span>: write data bit of zero shall toggle (invert) the corresponding bit in the field. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">clear</span>: after a write operation all bits in the field are cleared (set to zero). </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">set</span>: after a write operation all bits in the field are set (set to one). </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">modify</span>: after a write operation all bit in the field may be modified (default). </li>
</ul>
</td><td>modifiedWriteValuesType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_writeConstraint">writeConstraint</a> </td><td>Three mutually exclusive options exist to set write-constraints. </td><td>writeConstraintType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>readAction </td><td>If set, it specifies the side effect following a read operation. If not set, the field is not modified after a read. The defined side effects are: <ul>
<li><span class="XML-Token">clear</span>: The field is cleared (set to zero) following a read operation. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">set</span>: The field is set (set to ones) following a read operation. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">modify</span>: The field is modified in some way after a read operation. </li>
<li><span class="XML-Token">modifyExternal</span>: One or more dependent resources other than the current field are immediately affected by a read operation (it is recommended that the field description specifies these dependencies).</li>
</ul>
Debuggers are not expected to read this field location unless explicitly instructed by the user. </td><td>readActionType </td><td>0..1 register </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_enumeratedValues">enumeratedValues</a> </td><td>Next lower level of description. </td><td>enumerationType </td><td>0..2 </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_enumeratedValues"></a>
/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../field/enumeratedValues element</h1>
<p>The concept of enumerated values creates a map between unsigned integers and an identifier string. In addition, a description string can be associated with each entry in the map.</p>
<pre>
0 <-> disabled -> "The clock source clk0 is turned off."
1 <-> enabled -> "The clock source clk1 is running."
2 <-> reserved -> "Reserved values. Do not use."
3 <-> reserved -> "Reserved values. Do not use."
</pre><p>This information generates an <em>enum</em> in the device header file. The debugger may use this information to display the identifier string as well as the description. Just like symbolic constants making source code more readable, the system view in the debugger becomes more instructive. The detailed description can provide reference manual level details within the debugger.</p>
<p><b>Example:</b> </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><enumeratedValues></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <name>TimerIntSelect</name></div>
<div class="line"> <usage>read-write</usage></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <enumeratedValue></div>
<div class="line"> <name>disabled</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>The clock source clk0 is turned off.</description></div>
<div class="line"> <value>0</value></div>
<div class="line"> </enumeratedValue></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <enumeratedValue></div>
<div class="line"> <name>enabled</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>The clock source clk1 is running.</description></div>
<div class="line"> <value>1</value></div>
<div class="line"> </enumeratedValue></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"> <enumeratedValue></div>
<div class="line"> <name>reserved</name></div>
<div class="line"> <description>Reserved values. Do not use.</description></div>
<div class="line"> <isDefault><span class="keyword">true</span></isDefault></div>
<div class="line"> </enumeratedValue></div>
<div class="line"></div>
<div class="line"></enumeratedValues></div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p><a class="anchor" id="elem_enumeratedValues_sc"></a><b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../field/enumeratedValues</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Enumerated Values Level Schema">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_field">field</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_field">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../fields/field element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Attributes </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td>derivedFrom </td><td>Makes a copy from a previously defined <em>enumeratedValues</em> section. No modifications are allowed. An <em>enumeratedValues</em> entry is referenced by its name. If the name is not unique throughout the description, it needs to be further qualified by specifying the associated field, register, and peripheral as required. For example: <pre>
field: clk.dis_en_enum
register + field: ctrl.clk.dis_en_enum
peripheral + register + field: timer0.ctrl.clk.dis_en_enum
</pre> </td><td>xs:Name </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td>name </td><td>Identifier for the whole enumeration section. </td><td>xs:Name </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>headerEnumName </td><td>Identifier for the enumeration section. Overwrites the hierarchical enumeration type in the device header file. User is responsible for uniqueness across description. </td><td>identifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>usage </td><td>Possible values are <span class="XML-Token">read<em>,</em> write<em>, or</em> read-write</span>. This allows specifying two different enumerated values depending whether it is to be used for a read or a write access. If not specified, the default value <span class="XML-Token">read-write</span> is used. </td><td>enumUsageType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_enumeratedValue">enumeratedValue</a> </td><td>Describes a single entry in the enumeration. The number of required items depends on the bit-width of the associated field. </td><td>enumeratedValueType </td><td>1..* </td></tr>
</table>
<p> </p>
<hr/>
<h1><a class="anchor" id="elem_enumeratedValue"></a>
/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../enumeratedValue element</h1>
<p>An <em>enumeratedValue</em> defines a map between an unsigned integer and a string.</p>
<p><a class="anchor" id="elem_enumeratedValue_sc"></a><b>/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../enumeratedValue</b> </p>
<table class="cmtable" summary="Enumerated Value">
<tr>
<th style="white-space:nowrap">Parent Element </th><th colspan="3">Element Chain </th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_enumeratedValues">enumeratedValues</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_registers.html#elem_enumeratedValues">/device/peripherals/peripheral/registers/.../field/enumeratedValues element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="el" href="elem_special.html#elem_dimArrayIndex">dimArrayIndex</a> </td><td colspan="3"><a class="el" href="elem_special.html#elem_dimArrayIndex">/device/peripherals/peripheral/.../dimArrayIndex element</a> </td></tr>
<tr>
<th>Child Elements </th><th>Description </th><th>Type </th><th>Occurrence </th></tr>
<tr>
<td>name </td><td>String describing the semantics of the value. Can be displayed instead of the value. </td><td>identifierType </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr>
<td>description </td><td>Extended string describing the value. </td><td>xs:string </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td colspan="3"><em>choice of</em> </td><td>1..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">value </td><td>Defines the constant for the bit-field as decimal, hexadecimal (0x...) or binary (0b... or #...) number. E.g.: <pre>
<value>15</value>
<value>0xf</value>
<value>0b1111</value>
<value>#1111</value>
</pre> In addition the binary format supports <em>'do not care'</em> bits represented by <b><span class="XML-Token">x</span></b>. E.g. specifying value 14 and 15 as: <pre>
<value>0b111x</value>
<value>#111x</value>
</pre> </td><td style="white-space:nowrap">scaledNonNegativeInteger </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
<tr class="choice">
<td align="right">isDefault </td><td>Defines the name and description for all other values that are not listed explicitly. </td><td>xs:boolean </td><td>0..1 </td></tr>
</table>
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