summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/mpv.py
blob: 6469ebb645a5cfb7d0cf645906e20e23c2fc5f01 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim: ts=4 sw=4 et
#
# Python MPV library module
# Copyright (C) 2017-2022 Sebastian Götte <code@jaseg.net>
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
# version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
# warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
# Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
#

from ctypes import *
import ctypes.util
import threading
import os
import sys
from warnings import warn
from functools import partial, wraps
from contextlib import contextmanager
from concurrent.futures import Future, InvalidStateError
import collections
import re
import traceback

if os.name == 'nt':
    # Note: mpv-2.dll with API version 2 corresponds to mpv v0.35.0. Most things should work with the fallback, too.
    dll = ctypes.util.find_library('mpv-2.dll') or ctypes.util.find_library('mpv-1.dll')
    if dll is None:
        raise OSError('Cannot find mpv-1.dll or mpv-2.dll in your system %PATH%. One way to deal with this is to ship '
                      'the dll with your script and put the directory your script is in into %PATH% before '
                      '"import mpv": os.environ["PATH"] = os.path.dirname(__file__) + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"] '
                      'If mpv-1.dll is located elsewhere, you can add that path to os.environ["PATH"].')
    backend = CDLL(dll)
    fs_enc = 'utf-8'
else:
    import locale
    lc, enc = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC)
    # libmpv requires LC_NUMERIC to be set to "C". Since messing with global variables everyone else relies upon is
    # still better than segfaulting, we are setting LC_NUMERIC to "C".
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_NUMERIC, 'C')

    sofile = ctypes.util.find_library('mpv')
    if sofile is None:
        raise OSError("Cannot find libmpv in the usual places. Depending on your distro, you may try installing an "
                "mpv-devel or mpv-libs package. If you have libmpv around but this script can't find it, consult "
                "the documentation for ctypes.util.find_library which this script uses to look up the library "
                "filename.")
    backend = CDLL(sofile)
    fs_enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()


class ShutdownError(SystemError):
    pass

class MpvHandle(c_void_p):
    pass

class MpvRenderCtxHandle(c_void_p):
    pass

class PropertyUnavailableError(AttributeError):
    pass

class ErrorCode(object):
    """For documentation on these, see mpv's libmpv/client.h."""
    SUCCESS                 = 0
    EVENT_QUEUE_FULL        = -1
    NOMEM                   = -2
    UNINITIALIZED           = -3
    INVALID_PARAMETER       = -4
    OPTION_NOT_FOUND        = -5
    OPTION_FORMAT           = -6
    OPTION_ERROR            = -7
    PROPERTY_NOT_FOUND      = -8
    PROPERTY_FORMAT         = -9
    PROPERTY_UNAVAILABLE    = -10
    PROPERTY_ERROR          = -11
    COMMAND                 = -12
    LOADING_FAILED          = -13
    AO_INIT_FAILED          = -14
    VO_INIT_FAILED          = -15
    NOTHING_TO_PLAY         = -16
    UNKNOWN_FORMAT          = -17
    UNSUPPORTED             = -18
    NOT_IMPLEMENTED         = -19
    GENERIC                 = -20

    EXCEPTION_DICT = {
             0:     None,
            -1:     lambda *a: MemoryError('mpv event queue full', *a),
            -2:     lambda *a: MemoryError('mpv cannot allocate memory', *a),
            -3:     lambda *a: ValueError('Uninitialized mpv handle used', *a),
            -4:     lambda *a: ValueError('Invalid value for mpv parameter', *a),
            -5:     lambda *a: AttributeError('mpv option does not exist', *a),
            -6:     lambda *a: TypeError('Tried to set mpv option using wrong format', *a),
            -7:     lambda *a: ValueError('Invalid value for mpv option', *a),
            -8:     lambda *a: AttributeError('mpv property does not exist', *a),
            # Currently (mpv 0.18.1) there is a bug causing a PROPERTY_FORMAT error to be returned instead of
            # INVALID_PARAMETER when setting a property-mapped option to an invalid value.
            -9:     lambda *a: TypeError('Tried to get/set mpv property using wrong format, or passed invalid value', *a),
            -10:    lambda *a: PropertyUnavailableError('mpv property is not available', *a),
            -11:    lambda *a: RuntimeError('Generic error getting or setting mpv property', *a),
            -12:    lambda *a: SystemError('Error running mpv command', *a),
            -14:    lambda *a: RuntimeError('Initializing the audio output failed', *a),
            -15:    lambda *a: RuntimeError('Initializing the video output failed'),
            -16:    lambda *a: RuntimeError('There was no audio or video data to play. This also happens if the file '
                                            'was recognized, but did not contain any audio or video streams, or no '
                                            'streams were selected.'),
            -17:    lambda *a: RuntimeError('When trying to load the file, the file format could not be determined, '
                                            'or the file was too broken to open it'),
            -18:    lambda *a: ValueError('Generic error for signaling that certain system requirements are not fulfilled'),
            -19:    lambda *a: NotImplementedError('The API function which was called is a stub only'),
            -20:    lambda *a: RuntimeError('Unspecified error') }

    @staticmethod
    def human_readable(ec):
        return _mpv_error_string(ec).decode('utf-8')

    @staticmethod
    def default_error_handler(ec, *args):
        return ValueError(ErrorCode.human_readable(ec), ec, *args)

    @classmethod
    def exception_for_ec(kls, ec, *args):
        ec = 0 if ec > 0 else ec
        ex = kls.EXCEPTION_DICT.get(ec, kls.default_error_handler)
        if ex:
            return ex(ec, *args)

    @classmethod
    def raise_for_ec(kls, ec, func, *args):
        ex = kls.exception_for_ec(ec, *args)
        if ex:
            raise ex

MpvGlGetProcAddressFn = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_char_p)
class MpvOpenGLInitParams(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('get_proc_address', MpvGlGetProcAddressFn),
            ('get_proc_address_ctx', c_void_p),
            ('extra_exts', c_void_p)]

    def __init__(self, get_proc_address):
        self.get_proc_address = get_proc_address
        self.get_proc_address_ctx = None
        self.extra_exts = None

class MpvOpenGLFBO(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('fbo', c_int),
            ('w', c_int),
            ('h', c_int),
            ('internal_format', c_int)]

    def __init__(self, w, h, fbo=0, internal_format=0):
        self.w, self.h = w, h
        self.fbo = fbo
        self.internal_format = internal_format

class MpvRenderFrameInfo(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('flags', c_int64),
            ('target_time', c_int64)]

    def as_dict(self):
        return {'flags': self.flags,
                'target_time': self.target_time}

class MpvOpenGLDRMParams(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('fd', c_int),
        ('crtc_id', c_int),
        ('connector_id', c_int),
        ('atomic_request_ptr', c_void_p),
        ('render_fd', c_int)]

class MpvOpenGLDRMDrawSurfaceSize(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('width', c_int), ('height', c_int)]

class MpvOpenGLDRMParamsV2(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('fd', c_int),
        ('crtc_id', c_int),
        ('connector_id', c_int),
        ('atomic_request_ptr', c_void_p),
        ('render_fd', c_int)]

    def __init__(self, crtc_id, connector_id, atomic_request_ptr, fd=-1, render_fd=-1):
        self.crtc_id, self.connector_id = crtc_id, connector_id
        self.atomic_request_ptr = atomic_request_ptr
        self.fd, self.render_fd = fd, render_fd


class MpvRenderParam(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('type_id', c_int),
                ('data', c_void_p)]

    # maps human-readable type name to (type_id, argtype) tuple.
    # The type IDs come from libmpv/render.h
    TYPES = {"invalid"                 :(0, None),
            "api_type"                 :(1, str),
            "opengl_init_params"       :(2, MpvOpenGLInitParams),
            "opengl_fbo"               :(3, MpvOpenGLFBO),
            "flip_y"                   :(4, bool),
            "depth"                    :(5, int),
            "icc_profile"              :(6, bytes),
            "ambient_light"            :(7, int),
            "x11_display"              :(8, c_void_p),
            "wl_display"               :(9, c_void_p),
            "advanced_control"         :(10, bool),
            "next_frame_info"          :(11, MpvRenderFrameInfo),
            "block_for_target_time"    :(12, bool),
            "skip_rendering"           :(13, bool),
            "drm_display"              :(14, MpvOpenGLDRMParams),
            "drm_draw_surface_size"    :(15, MpvOpenGLDRMDrawSurfaceSize),
            "drm_display_v2"           :(16, MpvOpenGLDRMParamsV2)}

    def __init__(self, name, value=None):
        if name not in self.TYPES:
            raise ValueError('unknown render param type "{}"'.format(name))
        self.type_id, cons = self.TYPES[name]
        if cons is None:
            self.value = None
            self.data = c_void_p()
        elif cons is str:
            self.value = value
            self.data = cast(c_char_p(value.encode('utf-8')), c_void_p)
        elif cons is bytes:
            self.value = MpvByteArray(value)
            self.data = cast(pointer(self.value), c_void_p)
        elif cons is bool:
            self.value = c_int(int(bool(value)))
            self.data = cast(pointer(self.value), c_void_p)
        elif cons is c_void_p:
            self.value = value
            self.data = cast(self.value, c_void_p)
        else:
            self.value = cons(**value)
            self.data = cast(pointer(self.value), c_void_p)

def kwargs_to_render_param_array(kwargs):
    t = MpvRenderParam * (len(kwargs)+1)
    return t(*kwargs.items(), ('invalid', None))

class MpvFormat(c_int):
    NONE        = 0
    STRING      = 1
    OSD_STRING  = 2
    FLAG        = 3
    INT64       = 4
    DOUBLE      = 5
    NODE        = 6
    NODE_ARRAY  = 7
    NODE_MAP    = 8
    BYTE_ARRAY  = 9

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self is other or self.value == other or self.value == int(other)

    def __repr__(self):
        return ['NONE', 'STRING', 'OSD_STRING', 'FLAG', 'INT64', 'DOUBLE', 'NODE', 'NODE_ARRAY', 'NODE_MAP',
                'BYTE_ARRAY'][self.value]

    def __hash__(self):
        return self.value


class MpvEventID(c_int):
    NONE                    = 0
    SHUTDOWN                = 1
    LOG_MESSAGE             = 2
    GET_PROPERTY_REPLY      = 3
    SET_PROPERTY_REPLY      = 4
    COMMAND_REPLY           = 5
    START_FILE              = 6
    END_FILE                = 7
    FILE_LOADED             = 8
    CLIENT_MESSAGE          = 16
    VIDEO_RECONFIG          = 17
    AUDIO_RECONFIG          = 18
    SEEK                    = 20
    PLAYBACK_RESTART        = 21
    PROPERTY_CHANGE         = 22
    QUEUE_OVERFLOW          = 24
    HOOK                    = 25

    ANY = ( SHUTDOWN, LOG_MESSAGE, GET_PROPERTY_REPLY, SET_PROPERTY_REPLY, COMMAND_REPLY, START_FILE, END_FILE,
            FILE_LOADED, CLIENT_MESSAGE, VIDEO_RECONFIG, AUDIO_RECONFIG, SEEK, PLAYBACK_RESTART, PROPERTY_CHANGE)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<MpvEventID {self.value} (_mpv_event_name(self.value).decode("utf-8"))>'

    @classmethod
    def from_str(kls, s):
        return getattr(kls, s.upper().replace('-', '_'))


identity_decoder = lambda b: b
strict_decoder = lambda b: b.decode('utf-8')
def lazy_decoder(b):
    try:
        return b.decode('utf-8')
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        return b

class MpvNodeList(Structure):
    def array_value(self, decoder=identity_decoder):
        return [ self.values[i].node_value(decoder) for i in range(self.num) ]

    def dict_value(self, decoder=identity_decoder):
        return { self.keys[i].decode('utf-8'):
                self.values[i].node_value(decoder) for i in range(self.num) }

class MpvByteArray(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('data', c_void_p),
                ('size', c_size_t)]

    def __init__(self, value):
        self._value = value
        self.data = cast(c_char_p(value), c_void_p)
        self.size = len(value)

    def bytes_value(self):
        return cast(self.data, POINTER(c_char))[:self.size]

class MpvNode(Structure):
    def node_value(self, decoder=identity_decoder):
        return MpvNode.node_cast_value(self.val, self.format.value, decoder)

    @staticmethod
    def node_cast_value(v, fmt=MpvFormat.NODE, decoder=identity_decoder):
        if fmt == MpvFormat.NONE:
            return None
        elif fmt == MpvFormat.STRING:
            return decoder(v.string)
        elif fmt == MpvFormat.OSD_STRING:
            return v.string.decode('utf-8')
        elif fmt == MpvFormat.FLAG:
            return bool(v.flag)
        elif fmt == MpvFormat.INT64:
            return v.int64
        elif fmt == MpvFormat.DOUBLE:
            return v.double
        else:
            if not v.node: # Check for null pointer
                return None
            if fmt == MpvFormat.NODE:
                return v.node.contents.node_value(decoder)
            elif fmt == MpvFormat.NODE_ARRAY:
                return v.list.contents.array_value(decoder)
            elif fmt == MpvFormat.NODE_MAP:
                return v.map.contents.dict_value(decoder)
            elif fmt == MpvFormat.BYTE_ARRAY:
                return v.byte_array.contents.bytes_value()
            else:
                raise TypeError('Unknown MPV node format {}. Please submit a bug report.'.format(fmt))

class MpvNodeUnion(Union):
    _fields_ = [('string', c_char_p),
                ('flag', c_int),
                ('int64', c_int64),
                ('double', c_double),
                ('node', POINTER(MpvNode)),
                ('list', POINTER(MpvNodeList)),
                ('map', POINTER(MpvNodeList)),
                ('byte_array', POINTER(MpvByteArray))]

MpvNode._fields_ = [('val', MpvNodeUnion),
                    ('format', MpvFormat)]

MpvNodeList._fields_ = [('num', c_int),
                        ('values', POINTER(MpvNode)),
                        ('keys', POINTER(c_char_p))]

class MpvEvent(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('event_id', MpvEventID),
                ('error', c_int),
                ('reply_userdata', c_ulonglong),
                ('_data', c_void_p)]

    @property
    def data(self):
        dtype = {
            MpvEventID.GET_PROPERTY_REPLY:     MpvEventProperty,
            MpvEventID.PROPERTY_CHANGE:        MpvEventProperty,
            MpvEventID.LOG_MESSAGE:            MpvEventLogMessage,
            MpvEventID.CLIENT_MESSAGE:         MpvEventClientMessage,
            MpvEventID.START_FILE:             MpvEventStartFile,
            MpvEventID.END_FILE:               MpvEventEndFile,
            MpvEventID.HOOK:                   MpvEventHook,
            MpvEventID.COMMAND_REPLY:          MpvEventCommand,
            }.get(self.event_id.value)
        return cast(self._data, POINTER(dtype)).contents if dtype else None

    def as_dict(self, decoder=identity_decoder):
        out = cast(create_string_buffer(sizeof(MpvNode)), POINTER(MpvNode))
        _mpv_event_to_node(out, pointer(self))
        rv = out.contents.node_value(decoder=decoder)
        _mpv_free_node_contents(out)
        return rv

    def __str__(self):
        d = self.data
        return f'<{type(d).__name__} ({self.event_id.value}) err={self.error} p={self.reply_userdata:016x} d={self.as_dict()}>'

class MpvEventProperty(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('_name', c_char_p),
                ('format', MpvFormat),
                ('data', MpvNodeUnion)]

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name.decode("utf-8")

    @property
    def value(self):
        return MpvNode.node_cast_value(self.data, self.format.value, decoder=lazy_decoder)

class MpvEventLogMessage(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('_prefix', c_char_p),
                ('_level', c_char_p),
                ('_text', c_char_p)]

    @property
    def prefix(self):
        return self._prefix.decode("utf-8")

    @property
    def level(self):
        return self._level.decode("utf-8")

    @property
    def text(self):
        return lazy_decoder(self._text)

class MpvEventEndFile(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('reason', c_int),
                ('error', c_int)]

    EOF                 = 0
    RESTARTED           = 1
    ABORTED             = 2
    QUIT                = 3
    ERROR               = 4
    REDIRECT            = 5

class MpvEventStartFile(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('playlist_entry_id', c_ulonglong),]

class MpvEventClientMessage(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('_num_args', c_int),
                ('_args', POINTER(c_char_p))]

    @property
    def args(self):
        return [ self._args[i] for i in range(self._num_args) ]

class MpvEventCommand(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('_result', MpvNode)]

    def unpack(self, decoder=identity_decoder):
        return self._result.node_value(decoder=decoder)

    @property
    def result(self):
        return self.unpack()

class MpvEventHook(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('_name', c_char_p),
                ('id', c_ulonglong),]

    
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name.decode("utf-8")

StreamReadFn = CFUNCTYPE(c_int64, c_void_p, POINTER(c_char), c_uint64)
StreamSeekFn = CFUNCTYPE(c_int64, c_void_p, c_int64)
StreamSizeFn = CFUNCTYPE(c_int64, c_void_p)
StreamCloseFn = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_void_p)
StreamCancelFn = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_void_p)

class StreamCallbackInfo(Structure):
    _fields_ = [('cookie', c_void_p),
                ('read', StreamReadFn),
                ('seek', StreamSeekFn),
                ('size', StreamSizeFn),
                ('close', StreamCloseFn),
                ('cancel', StreamCancelFn)]

StreamOpenFn = CFUNCTYPE(c_int, c_void_p, c_char_p, POINTER(StreamCallbackInfo))

WakeupCallback = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_void_p)

RenderUpdateFn = CFUNCTYPE(None, c_void_p)

def _handle_func(name, args, restype, errcheck, ctx=MpvHandle, deprecated=False):
    func = getattr(backend, name)
    func.argtypes = [ctx] + args if ctx else args
    if restype is not None:
        func.restype = restype
    if errcheck is not None:
        func.errcheck = errcheck
    if deprecated:
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            if not wrapper.warned: # Only warn on first invocation to prevent spamming
                warn("Backend C api has been deprecated: " + name, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
                wrapper.warned = True
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        wrapper.warned = False

        globals()['_'+name] = wrapper
    else:
        globals()['_'+name] = func

def bytes_free_errcheck(res, func, *args):
    notnull_errcheck(res, func, *args)
    rv = cast(res, c_void_p).value
    _mpv_free(res)
    return rv

def notnull_errcheck(res, func, *args):
    if res is None:
        raise RuntimeError('Underspecified error in MPV when calling {} with args {!r}: NULL pointer returned.'\
                'Please consult your local debugger.'.format(func.__name__, args))
    return res

ec_errcheck = ErrorCode.raise_for_ec

backend.mpv_client_api_version.restype = c_ulong
def _mpv_client_api_version():
    ver = backend.mpv_client_api_version()
    return ver>>16, ver&0xFFFF

backend.mpv_free.argtypes = [c_void_p]
_mpv_free = backend.mpv_free

backend.mpv_free_node_contents.argtypes = [c_void_p]
_mpv_free_node_contents = backend.mpv_free_node_contents

backend.mpv_create.restype = MpvHandle
_mpv_create = backend.mpv_create

_handle_func('mpv_create_client',           [c_char_p],                                 MpvHandle, notnull_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_create_weak_client',      [c_char_p],                                 MpvHandle, notnull_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_client_name',             [],                                         c_char_p, errcheck=None)
_handle_func('mpv_initialize',              [],                                         c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_destroy',                 [],                                         None, errcheck=None)
_handle_func('mpv_terminate_destroy',       [],                                         None, errcheck=None)
_handle_func('mpv_load_config_file',        [c_char_p],                                 c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_get_time_us',             [],                                         c_ulonglong, errcheck=None)

_handle_func('mpv_set_option',              [c_char_p, MpvFormat, c_void_p],            c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_set_option_string',       [c_char_p, c_char_p],                       c_int, ec_errcheck)

_handle_func('mpv_command',                 [POINTER(c_char_p)],                        c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_command_string',          [c_char_p, c_char_p],                       c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_command_async',           [c_ulonglong, POINTER(c_char_p)],           c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_command_node',            [POINTER(MpvNode), POINTER(MpvNode)],       c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_command_node_async',      [c_ulonglong, POINTER(MpvNode)],            c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_abort_async_command',     [c_ulonglong],                              None, errcheck=None)

_handle_func('mpv_set_property',            [c_char_p, MpvFormat, c_void_p],            c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_set_property_string',     [c_char_p, c_char_p],                       c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_set_property_async',      [c_ulonglong, c_char_p, MpvFormat,c_void_p],c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_get_property',            [c_char_p, MpvFormat, c_void_p],            c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_get_property_string',     [c_char_p],                                 c_void_p, bytes_free_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_get_property_osd_string', [c_char_p],                                 c_void_p, bytes_free_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_get_property_async',      [c_ulonglong, c_char_p, MpvFormat],         c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_observe_property',        [c_ulonglong, c_char_p, MpvFormat],         c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_unobserve_property',      [c_ulonglong],                              c_int, ec_errcheck)

_handle_func('mpv_event_name',              [c_int],                                    c_char_p, errcheck=None, ctx=None)
_handle_func('mpv_event_to_node',           [POINTER(MpvNode), POINTER(MpvEvent)],      c_int, ec_errcheck, ctx=None)
_handle_func('mpv_error_string',            [c_int],                                    c_char_p, errcheck=None, ctx=None)

_handle_func('mpv_request_event',           [MpvEventID, c_int],                        c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_request_log_messages',    [c_char_p],                                 c_int, ec_errcheck)
_handle_func('mpv_wait_event',              [c_double],                                 POINTER(MpvEvent), errcheck=None)
_handle_func('mpv_wakeup',                  [],                                         None, errcheck=None)
_handle_func('mpv_set_wakeup_callback',     [WakeupCallback, c_void_p],                 None, errcheck=None)

_handle_func('mpv_stream_cb_add_ro',        [c_char_p, c_void_p, StreamOpenFn],         c_int, ec_errcheck)

_handle_func('mpv_render_context_create',               [MpvRenderCtxHandle, MpvHandle, POINTER(MpvRenderParam)],   c_int, ec_errcheck,     ctx=None)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_set_parameter',        [MpvRenderParam],                                           c_int, ec_errcheck,     ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_get_info',             [MpvRenderParam],                                           c_int, ec_errcheck,     ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_set_update_callback',  [RenderUpdateFn, c_void_p],                                 None, errcheck=None,    ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_update',               [],                                                         c_int64, errcheck=None, ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_render',               [POINTER(MpvRenderParam)],                                  c_int, ec_errcheck,     ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_report_swap',          [],                                                         None, errcheck=None,    ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)
_handle_func('mpv_render_context_free',                 [],                                                         None, errcheck=None,    ctx=MpvRenderCtxHandle)


def _mpv_coax_proptype(value, proptype=str):
    """Intelligently coax the given python value into something that can be understood as a proptype property."""
    if type(value) is bytes:
        return value;
    elif type(value) is bool:
        return b'yes' if value else b'no'
    elif proptype in (str, int, float):
        return str(proptype(value)).encode('utf-8')
    else:
        raise TypeError('Cannot coax value of type {} into property type {}'.format(type(value), proptype))

def _make_node_str_list(l):
    """Take a list of python objects and make a MPV string node array from it.

    As an example, the python list ``l = [ "foo", 23, false ]`` will result in the following MPV node object::

        struct mpv_node {
            .format = MPV_NODE_ARRAY,
            .u.list = *(struct mpv_node_array){
                .num = len(l),
                .keys = NULL,
                .values = struct mpv_node[len(l)] {
                    { .format = MPV_NODE_STRING, .u.string = l[0] },
                    { .format = MPV_NODE_STRING, .u.string = l[1] },
                    ...
                }
            }
        }
    """
    char_ps = [ c_char_p(_mpv_coax_proptype(e, str)) for e in l ]
    node_list = MpvNodeList(
        num=len(l),
        keys=None,
        values=( MpvNode * len(l))( *[ MpvNode(
                format=MpvFormat.STRING,
                val=MpvNodeUnion(string=p))
            for p in char_ps ]))
    node = MpvNode(
        format=MpvFormat.NODE_ARRAY,
        val=MpvNodeUnion(list=pointer(node_list)))
    return char_ps, node_list, node, cast(pointer(node), c_void_p)

def _make_node_str_map(d):
    """Take a dict of python objects and make a MPV string node map from it. """
    char_ps = [ (c_char_p(k.encode('utf-8')), c_char_p(_mpv_coax_proptype(v, str))) for k, v in d.items() ]
    node_list = MpvNodeList(
        num=len(d),
        keys=( c_char_p * len(d))( *[k for k, v in char_ps] ),
        values=( MpvNode * len(d))( *[ MpvNode(
                format=MpvFormat.STRING,
                val=MpvNodeUnion(string=v))
            for k, v in char_ps ]))
    node = MpvNode(
        format=MpvFormat.NODE_MAP,
        val=MpvNodeUnion(map=pointer(node_list)))
    return char_ps, node_list, node, cast(pointer(node), c_void_p)


def _event_generator(handle):
    while True:
        event = _mpv_wait_event(handle, -1).contents
        if event.event_id.value == MpvEventID.NONE:
            raise StopIteration()
        yield event


def _create_null_term_cmd_arg_array(name, args):
    args = [name.encode('utf-8')] + [(arg if type(arg) is bytes else str(arg).encode('utf-8'))
                                     for arg in args if arg is not None] + [None]
    return (c_char_p * len(args))(*args)


_py_to_mpv = lambda name: name.replace('_', '-')
_mpv_to_py = lambda name: name.replace('-', '_')

_drop_nones = lambda *args: [ arg for arg in args if arg is not None ]

class _Proxy:
    def __init__(self, mpv):
        super().__setattr__('mpv', mpv)

class _PropertyProxy(_Proxy):
    def __dir__(self):
        return super().__dir__() + [ name.replace('-', '_') for name in self.mpv.property_list ]

class _FileLocalProxy(_Proxy):
    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return self.mpv.__getitem__(name, file_local=True)

    def __setitem__(self, name, value):
        return self.mpv.__setitem__(name, value, file_local=True)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.mpv)

class _OSDPropertyProxy(_PropertyProxy):
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self.mpv._get_property(_py_to_mpv(name), fmt=MpvFormat.OSD_STRING)

    def __setattr__(self, _name, _value):
        raise AttributeError('OSD properties are read-only. Please use the regular property API for writing.')

class _DecoderPropertyProxy(_PropertyProxy):
    def __init__(self, mpv, decoder):
        super().__init__(mpv)
        super().__setattr__('_decoder', decoder)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self.mpv._get_property(_py_to_mpv(name), decoder=self._decoder)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        setattr(self.mpv, _py_to_mpv(name), value)

class GeneratorStream:
    """Transform a python generator into an mpv-compatible stream object. This only supports size() and read(), and
    does not support seek(), close() or cancel().
    """

    def __init__(self, generator_fun, size=None):
        self._generator_fun = generator_fun
        self.size = size

    def seek(self, offset):
        self._read_iter = iter(self._generator_fun())
        self._read_chunk = b''
        return 0 # We only support seeking to the first byte atm
        # implementation in case seeking to arbitrary offsets would be necessary
        # while offset > 0:
        #     offset -= len(self.read(offset))
        # return offset

    def read(self, size):
        if not self._read_chunk:
            try:
                self._read_chunk += next(self._read_iter)
            except StopIteration:
                return b''
        rv, self._read_chunk = self._read_chunk[:size], self._read_chunk[size:]
        return rv

    def close(self):
        self._read_iter = iter([]) # make next read() call return EOF

    def cancel(self):
        self._read_iter = iter([]) # make next read() call return EOF
        # TODO?


class ImageOverlay:
    def __init__(self, m, overlay_id, img=None, pos=(0, 0)):
        self.m = m
        self.overlay_id = overlay_id
        self.pos = pos
        self._size = None
        if img is not None:
            self.update(img)

    def update(self, img=None, pos=None):
        from PIL import Image
        if img is not None:
            self.img = img
        img = self.img

        w, h = img.size
        stride = w*4

        if pos is not None:
            self.pos = pos
        x, y = self.pos

        # Pre-multiply alpha channel
        bg = Image.new('RGBA', (w, h),  (0, 0, 0, 0))
        out = Image.alpha_composite(bg, img)

        # Copy image to ctypes buffer
        if img.size != self._size:
            self._buf = create_string_buffer(w*h*4)
            self._size = img.size

        ctypes.memmove(self._buf, out.tobytes('raw', 'BGRA'), w*h*4)
        source = '&' + str(addressof(self._buf))

        self.m.overlay_add(self.overlay_id, x, y, source, 0, 'bgra', w, h, stride)

    def remove(self):
        self.m.remove_overlay(self.overlay_id)


class FileOverlay:
    def __init__(self, m, overlay_id, filename=None, size=None, stride=None, pos=(0,0)):
        self.m = m
        self.overlay_id = overlay_id
        self.pos = pos
        self.size = size
        self.stride = stride
        if filename is not None:
            self.update(filename)

    def update(self, filename=None, size=None, stride=None, pos=None):
        if filename is not None:
            self.filename = filename

        if pos is not None:
            self.pos = pos

        if size is not None:
            self.size = size

        if stride is not None:
            self.stride = stride

        x, y = self.pos
        w, h = self.size
        stride = self.stride or 4*w

        self.m.overlay_add(self, self.overlay_id, x, y, self.filename, 0, 'bgra', w, h, stride)

    def remove(self):
        self.m.remove_overlay(self.overlay_id)


class MPV(object):
    """See man mpv(1) for the details of the implemented commands. All mpv properties can be accessed as
    ``my_mpv.some_property`` and all mpv options can be accessed as ``my_mpv['some-option']``.

    By default, properties are returned as decoded ``str`` and an error is thrown if the value does not contain valid
    utf-8. To get a decoded ``str`` if possibly but ``bytes`` instead of an error if not, use
    ``my_mpv.lazy.some_property``. To always get raw ``bytes``, use ``my_mpv.raw.some_property``.  To access a
    property's decoded OSD value, use ``my_mpv.osd.some_property``.

    To get API information on an option, use ``my_mpv.option_info('option-name')``. To get API information on a
    property, use ``my_mpv.properties['property-name']``. Take care to use mpv's dashed-names instead of the
    underscore_names exposed on the python object.

    To make your program not barf hard the first time its used on a weird file system **always** access properties
    containing file names or file tags through ``MPV.raw``.  """

    def __init__(self, *extra_mpv_flags, log_handler=None, start_event_thread=True, loglevel=None, **extra_mpv_opts):
        """Create an MPV instance.

        Extra arguments and extra keyword arguments will be passed to mpv as options.
        """

        self.handle = _mpv_create()
        self._event_thread = None
        self._core_shutdown = False

        _mpv_set_option_string(self.handle, b'audio-display', b'no')
        istr = lambda o: ('yes' if o else 'no') if type(o) is bool else str(o)
        try:
            for flag in extra_mpv_flags:
                _mpv_set_option_string(self.handle, flag.encode('utf-8'), b'')
            for k,v in extra_mpv_opts.items():
                _mpv_set_option_string(self.handle, k.replace('_', '-').encode('utf-8'), istr(v).encode('utf-8'))
        finally:
            _mpv_initialize(self.handle)

        self.osd = _OSDPropertyProxy(self)
        self.file_local = _FileLocalProxy(self)
        self.raw    = _DecoderPropertyProxy(self, identity_decoder)
        self.strict = _DecoderPropertyProxy(self, strict_decoder)
        self.lazy   = _DecoderPropertyProxy(self, lazy_decoder)

        self._event_callbacks = []
        self._command_reply_callbacks = {}
        self._event_handler_lock = threading.Lock()
        self._property_handlers = collections.defaultdict(lambda: [])
        self._quit_handlers = set()
        self._message_handlers = {}
        self._key_binding_handlers = {}
        self._event_handle = _mpv_create_client(self.handle, b'py_event_handler')
        self._log_handler = log_handler
        self._stream_protocol_cbs = {}
        self._stream_protocol_frontends = collections.defaultdict(lambda: {})
        self.register_stream_protocol('python', self._python_stream_open)
        self._python_streams = {}
        self._python_stream_catchall = None
        self.overlay_ids = set()
        self.overlays = {}
        if loglevel is not None or log_handler is not None:
            self.set_loglevel(loglevel or 'terminal-default')
        if start_event_thread:
            self._event_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._loop, name='MPVEventHandlerThread')
            self._event_thread.daemon = True
            self._event_thread.start()
        else:
            self._event_thread = None

    def _loop(self):
        for event in _event_generator(self._event_handle):
            try:
                eid = event.event_id.value
                if not eid == MpvEventID.LOG_MESSAGE:
                    print(event)

                with self._event_handler_lock:
                    if eid == MpvEventID.SHUTDOWN:
                        self._core_shutdown = True

                for callback in self._event_callbacks:
                    callback(event)

                if eid == MpvEventID.PROPERTY_CHANGE:
                    pc = event.data
                    name, value, _fmt = pc.name, pc.value, pc.format
                    for handler in self._property_handlers[name]:
                        handler(name, value)

                if eid == MpvEventID.LOG_MESSAGE and self._log_handler is not None:
                    ev = event.data
                    self._log_handler(ev.level, ev.prefix, ev.text)

                if eid == MpvEventID.CLIENT_MESSAGE:
                    # {'event': {'args': ['key-binding', 'foo', 'u-', 'g']}, 'reply_userdata': 0, 'error': 0, 'event_id': 16}
                    target, *args = event.data.args
                    target = target.decode("utf-8")
                    if target in self._message_handlers:
                        self._message_handlers[target](*args)

                if eid == MpvEventID.COMMAND_REPLY:
                    key = event.reply_userdata
                    callback = self._command_reply_callbacks.pop(key, None)
                    if callback:
                        callback(ErrorCode.exception_for_ec(event.error), event.data)

                if eid == MpvEventID.SHUTDOWN:
                    _mpv_destroy(self._event_handle)
                    return

            except Exception as e:
                print('Exception inside python-mpv event loop:', file=sys.stderr)
                traceback.print_exc()

    @property
    def core_shutdown(self):
        """Property indicating whether the core has been shut down. Possible causes for this are e.g. the `quit` command
        or a user closing the mpv window."""
        return self._core_shutdown

    def check_core_alive(self):
        """ This method can be used as a sanity check to tests whether the core is still alive at the time it is
        called."""
        if self._core_shutdown:
            raise ShutdownError('libmpv core has been shutdown')

    def wait_until_paused(self, timeout=None):
        """Waits until playback of the current title is paused or done. Raises a ShutdownError if the core is shutdown while
        waiting."""
        self.wait_for_property('core-idle', timeout=timeout)

    def wait_for_playback(self, timeout=None):
        """Waits until playback of the current title is finished. Raises a ShutdownError if the core is shutdown while
        waiting.
        """
        self.wait_for_event('end_file', timeout=timeout)

    def wait_until_playing(self, timeout=None):
        """Waits until playback of the current title has started. Raises a ShutdownError if the core is shutdown while
        waiting."""
        self.wait_for_property('core-idle', lambda idle: not idle, timeout=timeout)

    def wait_for_property(self, name, cond=lambda val: val, level_sensitive=True, timeout=None):
        """Waits until ``cond`` evaluates to a truthy value on the named property. This can be used to wait for
        properties such as ``idle_active`` indicating the player is done with regular playback and just idling around.
        Raises a ShutdownError when the core is shutdown while waiting.
        """
        with self.prepare_and_wait_for_property(name, cond, level_sensitive, timeout=timeout) as result:
            pass
        return result.result()

    def wait_for_shutdown(self, timeout=None):
        '''Wait for core to shutdown (e.g. through quit() or terminate()).'''
        try:
            self.wait_for_event(None, timeout=timeout)
        except ShutdownError:
            return

    @contextmanager
    def prepare_and_wait_for_property(self, name, cond=lambda val: val, level_sensitive=True, timeout=None):
        """Context manager that waits until ``cond`` evaluates to a truthy value on the named property. See
        prepare_and_wait_for_event for usage.
        Raises a ShutdownError when the core is shutdown while waiting. Re-raises any errors inside ``cond``.
        """
        result = Future()

        def observer(name, val):
            try:
                rv = cond(val)
                if rv:
                    result.set_result(rv)
            except Exception as e:
                try:
                    result.set_exception(e)
                except InvalidStateError:
                    pass
            except InvalidStateError:
                pass
        self.observe_property(name, observer)

        @self.event_callback('shutdown')
        def shutdown_handler(event):
            try:
                result.set_exception(ShutdownError('libmpv core has been shutdown'))
            except InvalidStateError:
                pass

        try:
            result.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
            yield result

            rv = cond(getattr(self, name.replace('-', '_')))
            if level_sensitive and rv:
                result.set_result(rv)

            else:
                self.check_core_alive()
                result.result(timeout)
        finally:
            shutdown_handler.unregister_mpv_events()
            self.unobserve_property(name, observer)

    def wait_for_event(self, *event_types, cond=lambda evt: True, timeout=None):
        """Waits for the indicated event(s). If cond is given, waits until cond(event) is true. Raises a ShutdownError
        if the core is shutdown while waiting. This also happens when 'shutdown' is in event_types. Re-raises any error
        inside ``cond``.
        """
        with self.prepare_and_wait_for_event(*event_types, cond=cond, timeout=timeout) as result:
            pass
        return result.result()

    @contextmanager
    def prepare_and_wait_for_event(self, *event_types, cond=lambda evt: True, timeout=None):
        """Context manager that waits for the indicated event(s) like wait_for_event after running. If cond is given,
        waits until cond(event) is true. Raises a ShutdownError if the core is shutdown while waiting. This also happens
        when 'shutdown' is in event_types. Re-raises any error inside ``cond``.

        Compared to wait_for_event this handles the case where a thread waits for an event it itself causes in a
        thread-safe way. An example from the testsuite is:

        with self.m.prepare_and_wait_for_event('client_message'):
            self.m.keypress(key)

        Using just wait_for_event it would be impossible to ensure the event is caught since it may already have been
        handled in the interval between keypress(...) running and a subsequent wait_for_event(...) call.
        """
        result = Future()

        @self.event_callback('shutdown')
        def shutdown_handler(event):
            try:
                result.set_exception(ShutdownError('libmpv core has been shutdown'))
            except InvalidStateError:
                pass

        @self.event_callback(*event_types)
        def target_handler(evt):

            try:
                rv = cond(evt)
                if rv:
                    result.set_result(rv)
            except Exception as e:
                try:
                    result.set_exception(e)
                except InvalidStateError:
                    pass
            except InvalidStateError:
                pass

        try:
            result.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
            yield result
            self.check_core_alive()
            result.result(timeout)

        finally:
            shutdown_handler.unregister_mpv_events()
            target_handler.unregister_mpv_events()

    def __del__(self):
        if self.handle:
            self.terminate()

    def terminate(self):
        """Properly terminates this player instance. Preferably use this instead of relying on python's garbage
        collector to cause this to be called from the object's destructor.

        This method will detach the main libmpv handle and wait for mpv to shut down and the event thread to finish.
        """
        self.handle, handle = None, self.handle
        if threading.current_thread() is self._event_thread:
            raise UserWarning('terminate() should not be called from event thread (e.g. from a callback function). If '
                    'you want to terminate mpv from here, please call quit() instead, then sync the main thread '
                    'against the event thread using e.g. wait_for_shutdown(), then terminate() from the main thread. '
                    'This call has been transformed into a call to quit().')
            self.quit()
        else:
            _mpv_terminate_destroy(handle)
            if self._event_thread:
                self._event_thread.join()

    def set_loglevel(self, level):
        """Set MPV's log level. This adjusts which output will be sent to this object's log handlers. If you just want
        mpv's regular terminal output, you don't need to adjust this but just need to pass a log handler to the MPV
        constructur such as ``MPV(log_handler=print)``.

        Valid log levels are "no", "fatal", "error", "warn", "info", "v" "debug" and "trace". For details see your mpv's
        client.h header file.
        """
        _mpv_request_log_messages(self._event_handle, level.encode('utf-8'))

    def string_command(self, name, *args):
        """Execute a raw command."""
        args = _create_null_term_cmd_arg_array(name, args)
        _mpv_command(self.handle, args)

    def command_async(self, name, *args, callback=None, decoder=lazy_decoder, **kwargs):
        """Same as mpv_command, but run the command asynchronously. If you provide a callback, that callback will be
        called after completion or on error. This method returns a future that evaluates to the result of the callback
        (if given), and the result of the libmpv call otherwise.

        Usage example:

            future = player.command_async(...)
            try:
                print('The result was', future.result())
            except Exception as e:
                print('mpv returned an error:', e)
        """

        future = Future()
        future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()

        if callback is None:
            def callback(error, result):
                if error:
                    raise error
                return result

        def wrapper(error, result):
            try:
                result = result.unpack(decoder)
                future.set_result(callback(error, result))
            except Exception as e:
                future.set_exception(e)

        def abort():
            _mpv_abort_async_command(self._event_handle, id(future))
            del self._command_reply_callbacks[id(future)]
        future.cancel = abort

        self._command_reply_callbacks[id(future)] = wrapper

        if kwargs:
            if args:
                raise ValueError('Can only call mpv commands either using positional or using named arguments, not a mix of both.')
            kwargs['name'] = name
            _1, _2, _3, pointer = _make_node_str_map(kwargs)
        else:
            _1, _2, _3, pointer = _make_node_str_list([name, *args])

        ppointer = cast(pointer, POINTER(MpvNode))
        _mpv_command_node_async(self._event_handle, id(future), ppointer)
        return future


    def node_command(self, name, *args, decoder=strict_decoder):
        self.command(name, *args, decoder=decoder)

    def command(self, name, *args, decoder=strict_decoder, **kwargs):
        if kwargs:
            if args:
                raise ValueError('Can only call mpv commands either using positional or using named arguments, not a mix of both.')
            kwargs['name'] = name
            _1, _2, _3, pointer = _make_node_str_map(kwargs)
        else:
            _1, _2, _3, pointer = _make_node_str_list([name, *args])

        out = cast(create_string_buffer(sizeof(MpvNode)), POINTER(MpvNode))
        ppointer = cast(pointer, POINTER(MpvNode))
        _mpv_command_node(self.handle, ppointer, out)
        rv = out.contents.node_value(decoder=decoder)
        _mpv_free_node_contents(out)
        return rv

    def seek(self, amount, reference="relative", precision="keyframes"):
        """Mapped mpv seek command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('seek', amount, reference, precision)

    def revert_seek(self):
        """Mapped mpv revert_seek command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('revert_seek');

    def frame_step(self):
        """Mapped mpv frame-step command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('frame-step')

    def frame_back_step(self):
        """Mapped mpv frame_back_step command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('frame_back_step')

    def property_add(self, name, value=1):
        """Add the given value to the property's value. On overflow or underflow, clamp the property to the maximum. If
        ``value`` is omitted, assume ``1``.
        """
        self.command('add', name, value)

    def property_multiply(self, name, factor):
        """Multiply the value of a property with a numeric factor."""
        self.command('multiply', name, factor)

    def cycle(self, name, direction='up'):
        """Cycle the given property. ``up`` and ``down`` set the cycle direction. On overflow, set the property back to
        the minimum, on underflow set it to the maximum. If ``up`` or ``down`` is omitted, assume ``up``.
        """
        self.command('cycle', name, direction)

    def screenshot(self, includes='subtitles', mode='single'):
        """Mapped mpv screenshot command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('screenshot', includes, mode)

    def screenshot_to_file(self, filename, includes='subtitles'):
        """Mapped mpv screenshot_to_file command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('screenshot_to_file', filename.encode(fs_enc), includes)

    def screenshot_raw(self, includes='subtitles'):
        """Mapped mpv screenshot_raw command, see man mpv(1). Returns a pillow Image object."""
        from PIL import Image
        res = self.command('screenshot-raw', includes)
        if res['format'] != 'bgr0':
            raise ValueError('Screenshot in unknown format "{}". Currently, only bgr0 is supported.'
                    .format(res['format']))
        img = Image.frombytes('RGBA', (res['stride']//4, res['h']), res['data'])
        b,g,r,a = img.split()
        return Image.merge('RGB', (r,g,b))

    def allocate_overlay_id(self):
        free_ids = set(range(64)) - self.overlay_ids
        if not free_ids:
            raise IndexError('All overlay IDs are in use')
        next_id, *_ = sorted(free_ids)
        self.overlay_ids.add(next_id)
        return next_id

    def free_overlay_id(self, overlay_id):
        self.overlay_ids.remove(overlay_id)

    def create_file_overlay(self, filename=None, size=None, stride=None, pos=(0,0)):
        overlay_id = self.allocate_overlay_id()
        overlay = FileOverlay(self, overlay_id, filename, size, stride, pos)
        self.overlays[overlay_id] = overlay
        return overlay

    def create_image_overlay(self, img=None, pos=(0,0)):
        overlay_id = self.allocate_overlay_id()
        overlay = ImageOverlay(self, overlay_id, img, pos)
        self.overlays[overlay_id] = overlay
        return overlay

    def remove_overlay(self, overlay_id):
        self.overlay_remove(overlay_id)
        self.free_overlay_id(overlay_id)
        del self.overlays[overlay_id]

    def playlist_next(self, mode='weak'):
        """Mapped mpv playlist_next command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist_next', mode)

    def playlist_prev(self, mode='weak'):
        """Mapped mpv playlist_prev command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist_prev', mode)

    def playlist_play_index(self, idx):
        """Mapped mpv playlist-play-index command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist-play-index', idx)

    @staticmethod
    def _encode_options(options):
        return ','.join('{}={}'.format(_py_to_mpv(str(key)), str(val)) for key, val in options.items())

    def loadfile(self, filename, mode='replace', **options):
        """Mapped mpv loadfile command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('loadfile', filename.encode(fs_enc), mode, MPV._encode_options(options))

    def loadlist(self, playlist, mode='replace'):
        """Mapped mpv loadlist command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('loadlist', playlist.encode(fs_enc), mode)

    def playlist_clear(self):
        """Mapped mpv playlist_clear command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist_clear')

    def playlist_remove(self, index='current'):
        """Mapped mpv playlist_remove command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist_remove', index)

    def playlist_move(self, index1, index2):
        """Mapped mpv playlist_move command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist_move', index1, index2)

    def playlist_shuffle(self):
        """Mapped mpv playlist-shuffle command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist-shuffle')

    def playlist_unshuffle(self):
        """Mapped mpv playlist-unshuffle command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('playlist-unshuffle')

    def run(self, command, *args):
        """Mapped mpv run command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('run', command, *args)

    def quit(self, code=None):
        """Mapped mpv quit command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('quit', code)

    def quit_watch_later(self, code=None):
        """Mapped mpv quit_watch_later command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('quit_watch_later', code)

    def stop(self, keep_playlist=False):
        """Mapped mpv stop command, see man mpv(1)."""
        if keep_playlist:
            self.command('stop', 'keep-playlist')
        else:
            self.command('stop')

    def audio_add(self, url, flags='select', title=None, lang=None):
        """Mapped mpv audio_add command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('audio_add', url.encode(fs_enc), *_drop_nones(flags, title, lang))

    def audio_remove(self, audio_id=None):
        """Mapped mpv audio_remove command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('audio_remove', audio_id)

    def audio_reload(self, audio_id=None):
        """Mapped mpv audio_reload command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('audio_reload', audio_id)

    def video_add(self, url, flags='select', title=None, lang=None, albumart=None):
        """Mapped mpv video_add command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('video_add', url.encode(fs_enc), *_drop_nones(flags, title, lang, albumart))

    def video_remove(self, video_id=None):
        """Mapped mpv video_remove command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('video_remove', video_id)

    def video_reload(self, video_id=None):
        """Mapped mpv video_reload command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('video_reload', video_id)

    def sub_add(self, url, flags='select', title=None, lang=None):
        """Mapped mpv sub_add command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('sub_add', url.encode(fs_enc), *_drop_nones(flags, title, lang))

    def sub_remove(self, sub_id=None):
        """Mapped mpv sub_remove command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('sub_remove', sub_id)

    def sub_reload(self, sub_id=None):
        """Mapped mpv sub_reload command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('sub_reload', sub_id)

    def sub_step(self, skip):
        """Mapped mpv sub_step command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('sub_step', skip)

    def sub_seek(self, skip):
        """Mapped mpv sub_seek command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('sub_seek', skip)

    def toggle_osd(self):
        """Mapped mpv osd command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('osd')

    def print_text(self, text):
        """Mapped mpv print-text command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('print-text', text)

    def show_text(self, string, duration='-1', level=None):
        """Mapped mpv show_text command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('show_text', string, duration, level)

    def expand_text(self, text):
        """Mapped mpv expand-text command, see man mpv(1)."""
        return self.command('expand-text', text)

    def expand_path(self, path):
        """Mapped mpv expand-path command, see man mpv(1)."""
        return self.command('expand-path', path)

    def show_progress(self):
        """Mapped mpv show_progress command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('show_progress')

    def rescan_external_files(self, mode='reselect'):
        """Mapped mpv rescan-external-files command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('rescan-external-files', mode)

    def discnav(self, command):
        """Mapped mpv discnav command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('discnav', command)

    def mouse(x, y, button=None, mode='single'):
        """Mapped mpv mouse command, see man mpv(1)."""
        if button is None:
            self.command('mouse', x, y, mode)
        else:
            self.command('mouse', x, y, button, mode)

    def keypress(self, name):
        """Mapped mpv keypress command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('keypress', name)

    def keydown(self, name):
        """Mapped mpv keydown command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('keydown', name)

    def keyup(self, name=None):
        """Mapped mpv keyup command, see man mpv(1)."""
        if name is None:
            self.command('keyup')
        else:
            self.command('keyup', name)

    def keybind(self, name, command):
        """Mapped mpv keybind command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('keybind', name, command)

    def write_watch_later_config(self):
        """Mapped mpv write_watch_later_config command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('write_watch_later_config')

    def overlay_add(self, overlay_id, x, y, file_or_fd, offset, fmt, w, h, stride):
        """Mapped mpv overlay_add command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('overlay_add', overlay_id, x, y, file_or_fd, offset, fmt, w, h, stride)

    def overlay_remove(self, overlay_id):
        """Mapped mpv overlay_remove command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('overlay_remove', overlay_id)

    def osd_overlay(self, overlay_id, data, res_x=0, res_y=720, z=0, hidden=False):
        self.command('osd_overlay', id=overlay_id, data=data, res_x=res_x, res_y=res_Y, z=z, hidden=hidden,
        format='ass-events')

    def osd_overlay_remove(self, overlay_id):
        self.command('osd_overlay', id=overlay_id, format='none')

    def script_message(self, *args):
        """Mapped mpv script_message command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('script_message', *args)

    def script_message_to(self, target, *args):
        """Mapped mpv script_message_to command, see man mpv(1)."""
        self.command('script_message_to', target, *args)

    def drop_buffers(self):
        self.command('drop_buffers')

    def vf_command(self, label, command, argument):
        self.command('vf_command', label, command, argument)

    def af_command(self, label, command, argument):
        self.command('af_command', label, command, argument)

    def observe_property(self, name, handler):
        """Register an observer on the named property. An observer is a function that is called with the new property
        value every time the property's value is changed. The basic function signature is ``fun(property_name,
        new_value)`` with new_value being the decoded property value as a python object. This function can be used as a
        function decorator if no handler is given.

        To unregister the observer, call either of ``mpv.unobserve_property(name, handler)``,
        ``mpv.unobserve_all_properties(handler)`` or the handler's ``unregister_mpv_properties`` attribute::

            @player.observe_property('volume')
            def my_handler(new_volume, *):
                print("It's loud!", volume)

            my_handler.unregister_mpv_properties()

        exit_handler is a function taking no arguments that is called when the underlying mpv handle is terminated (e.g.
        from calling MPV.terminate() or issuing a "quit" input command).
        """
        self._property_handlers[name].append(handler)
        _mpv_observe_property(self._event_handle, hash(name)&0xffffffffffffffff, name.encode('utf-8'), MpvFormat.NODE)

    def property_observer(self, name):
        """Function decorator to register a property observer. See ``MPV.observe_property`` for details."""
        def wrapper(fun):
            self.observe_property(name, fun)
            fun.unobserve_mpv_properties = lambda: self.unobserve_property(name, fun)
            return fun
        return wrapper

    def unobserve_property(self, name, handler):
        """Unregister a property observer. This requires both the observed property's name and the handler function that
        was originally registered as one handler could be registered for several properties. To unregister a handler
        from *all* observed properties see ``unobserve_all_properties``.
        """
        self._property_handlers[name].remove(handler)
        if not self._property_handlers[name]:
            _mpv_unobserve_property(self._event_handle, hash(name)&0xffffffffffffffff)

    def unobserve_all_properties(self, handler):
        """Unregister a property observer from *all* observed properties."""
        for name in self._property_handlers:
            self.unobserve_property(name, handler)

    def register_message_handler(self, target, handler=None):
        """Register a mpv script message handler. This can be used to communicate with embedded lua scripts. Pass the
        script message target name this handler should be listening to and the handler function.

        WARNING: Only one handler can be registered at a time for any given target.

        To unregister the message handler, call its ``unregister_mpv_messages`` function::

            player = mpv.MPV()
            @player.message_handler('foo')
            def my_handler(some, args):
                print(args)

            my_handler.unregister_mpv_messages()
        """
        self._register_message_handler_internal(target, handler)

    def _register_message_handler_internal(self, target, handler):
        self._message_handlers[target] = handler

    def unregister_message_handler(self, target_or_handler):
        """Unregister a mpv script message handler for the given script message target name.

        You can also call the ``unregister_mpv_messages`` function attribute set on the handler function when it is
        registered.
        """
        if isinstance(target_or_handler, str):
            del self._message_handlers[target_or_handler]
        else:
            for key, val in self._message_handlers.items():
                if val == target_or_handler:
                    del self._message_handlers[key]

    def message_handler(self, target):
        """Decorator to register a mpv script message handler.

        WARNING: Only one handler can be registered at a time for any given target.

        To unregister the message handler, call its ``unregister_mpv_messages`` function::

            player = mpv.MPV()
            @player.message_handler('foo')
            def my_handler(some, args):
                print(args)

            my_handler.unregister_mpv_messages()
        """
        def register(handler):
            self._register_message_handler_internal(target, handler)
            handler.unregister_mpv_messages = lambda: self.unregister_message_handler(handler)
            return handler
        return register

    def register_event_callback(self, callback):
        """Register a blanket event callback receiving all event types.

        To unregister the event callback, call its ``unregister_mpv_events`` function::

            player = mpv.MPV()
            @player.event_callback('shutdown')
            def my_handler(event):
                print('It ded.')

            my_handler.unregister_mpv_events()
        """
        self._event_callbacks.append(callback)

    def unregister_event_callback(self, callback):
        """Unregiser an event callback."""
        self._event_callbacks.remove(callback)

    def event_callback(self, *event_types):
        """Function decorator to register a blanket event callback for the given event types. Event types can be given
        as str (e.g.  'start-file'), integer or MpvEventID object.

        WARNING: Due to the way this is filtering events, this decorator cannot be chained with itself.

        To unregister the event callback, call its ``unregister_mpv_events`` function::

            player = mpv.MPV()
            @player.event_callback('shutdown')
            def my_handler(event):
                print('It ded.')

            my_handler.unregister_mpv_events()
        """
        def register(callback):
            with self._event_handler_lock:
                self.check_core_alive()
                types = [MpvEventID.from_str(t) if isinstance(t, str) else t for t in event_types] or MpvEventID.ANY
                @wraps(callback)
                def wrapper(event, *args, **kwargs):
                    if event.event_id.value in types:
                        callback(event, *args, **kwargs)
                self._event_callbacks.append(wrapper)
                wrapper.unregister_mpv_events = partial(self.unregister_event_callback, wrapper)
                return wrapper
        return register

    @staticmethod
    def _binding_name(callback_or_cmd):
        return 'py_kb_{:016x}'.format(hash(callback_or_cmd)&0xffffffffffffffff)

    def on_key_press(self, keydef, mode='force'):
        """Function decorator to register a simplified key binding. The callback is called whenever the key given is
        *pressed*.

        To unregister the callback function, you can call its ``unregister_mpv_key_bindings`` attribute::

            player = mpv.MPV()
            @player.on_key_press('Q')
            def binding():
                print('blep')

            binding.unregister_mpv_key_bindings()

        WARNING: For a single keydef only a single callback/command can be registered at the same time. If you register
        a binding multiple times older bindings will be overwritten and there is a possibility of references leaking. So
        don't do that.

        The BIG FAT WARNING regarding untrusted keydefs from the key_binding method applies here as well.
        """
        def register(fun):
            @self.key_binding(keydef, mode)
            @wraps(fun)
            def wrapper(state='p-', name=None, char=None):
                if state[0] in ('d', 'p'):
                    fun()
            return wrapper
        return register

    def key_binding(self, keydef, mode='force'):
        """Function decorator to register a low-level key binding.

        The callback function signature is ``fun(key_state, key_name)`` where ``key_state`` is either ``'U'`` for "key
        up" or ``'D'`` for "key down".

        The keydef format is: ``[Shift+][Ctrl+][Alt+][Meta+]<key>`` where ``<key>`` is either the literal character the
        key produces (ASCII or Unicode character), or a symbolic name (as printed by ``mpv --input-keylist``).

        To unregister the callback function, you can call its ``unregister_mpv_key_bindings`` attribute::

            player = mpv.MPV()
            @player.key_binding('Q')
            def binding(state, name, char):
                print('blep')

            binding.unregister_mpv_key_bindings()

        WARNING: For a single keydef only a single callback/command can be registered at the same time. If you register
        a binding multiple times older bindings will be overwritten and there is a possibility of references leaking. So
        don't do that.

        BIG FAT WARNING: mpv's key binding mechanism is pretty powerful.  This means, you essentially get arbitrary code
        exectution through key bindings. This interface makes some limited effort to sanitize the keydef given in the
        first parameter, but YOU SHOULD NOT RELY ON THIS IN FOR SECURITY. If your input comes from config files, this is
        completely fine--but, if you are about to pass untrusted input into this parameter, better double-check whether
        this is secure in your case.
        """
        def register(fun):
            fun.mpv_key_bindings = getattr(fun, 'mpv_key_bindings', []) + [keydef]
            def unregister_all():
                for keydef in fun.mpv_key_bindings:
                    self.unregister_key_binding(keydef)
            fun.unregister_mpv_key_bindings = unregister_all

            self.register_key_binding(keydef, fun, mode)
            return fun
        return register

    def register_key_binding(self, keydef, callback_or_cmd, mode='force'):
        """Register a key binding. This takes an mpv keydef and either a string containing a mpv command or a python
        callback function.  See ``MPV.key_binding`` for details.
        """
        if not re.match(r'(Shift+)?(Ctrl+)?(Alt+)?(Meta+)?(.|\w+)', keydef):
            raise ValueError('Invalid keydef. Expected format: [Shift+][Ctrl+][Alt+][Meta+]<key>\n'
                    '<key> is either the literal character the key produces (ASCII or Unicode character), or a '
                    'symbolic name (as printed by --input-keylist')
        binding_name = MPV._binding_name(keydef)
        if callable(callback_or_cmd):
            self._key_binding_handlers[binding_name] = callback_or_cmd
            self.register_message_handler('key-binding', self._handle_key_binding_message)
            self.command('define-section',
                    binding_name, '{} script-binding py_event_handler/{}'.format(keydef, binding_name), mode)
        elif isinstance(callback_or_cmd, str):
            self.command('define-section', binding_name, '{} {}'.format(keydef, callback_or_cmd), mode)
        else:
            raise TypeError('register_key_binding expects either an str with an mpv command or a python callable.')
        self.command('enable-section', binding_name, 'allow-hide-cursor+allow-vo-dragging')

    def _handle_key_binding_message(self, binding_name, key_state, key_name=None, key_char=None):
        binding_name = binding_name.decode('utf-8')
        key_state = key_state.decode('utf-8')
        key_name = key_name.decode('utf-8') if key_name is not None else None
        key_char = key_char.decode('utf-8') if key_char is not None else None
        self._key_binding_handlers[binding_name](key_state, key_name, key_char)

    def unregister_key_binding(self, keydef):
        """Unregister a key binding by keydef."""
        binding_name = MPV._binding_name(keydef)
        self.command('disable-section', binding_name)
        self.command('define-section', binding_name, '')
        if binding_name in self._key_binding_handlers:
            del self._key_binding_handlers[binding_name]
            if not self._key_binding_handlers:
                self.unregister_message_handler('key-binding')

    def register_stream_protocol(self, proto, open_fn=None):
        """ Register a custom stream protocol as documented in libmpv/stream_cb.h:
            https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv/blob/master/libmpv/stream_cb.h

            proto is the protocol scheme, e.g. "foo" for "foo://" urls.

            This function can either be used with two parameters or it can be used as a decorator on the target
            function.

            open_fn is a function taking an URI string and returning an mpv stream object.
            open_fn may raise a ValueError to signal libmpv the URI could not be opened.

            The mpv stream protocol is as follows:
            class Stream:
                @property
                def size(self):
                    return None # unknown size
                    return size # int with size in bytes

                def read(self, size):
                    ...
                    return read # non-empty bytes object with input
                    return b'' # empty byte object signals permanent EOF

                def seek(self, pos):
                    return new_offset # integer with new byte offset. The new offset may be before the requested offset
                    in case an exact seek is inconvenient.

                def close(self):
                    ...

                # def cancel(self): (future API versions only)
                #     Abort a running read() or seek() operation
                #     ...

        """

        def decorator(open_fn):
            @StreamOpenFn
            def open_backend(_userdata, uri, cb_info):
                try:
                    frontend = open_fn(uri.decode('utf-8'))
                except ValueError:
                    return ErrorCode.LOADING_FAILED

                def read_backend(_userdata, buf, bufsize):
                    data = frontend.read(bufsize)
                    for i in range(len(data)):
                        buf[i] = data[i]
                    return len(data)

                cb_info.contents.cookie = None
                read = cb_info.contents.read = StreamReadFn(read_backend)
                close = cb_info.contents.close = StreamCloseFn(lambda _userdata: frontend.close())

                seek, size, cancel = None, None, None
                if hasattr(frontend, 'seek'):
                    seek = cb_info.contents.seek = StreamSeekFn(lambda _userdata, offx: frontend.seek(offx))
                if hasattr(frontend, 'size') and frontend.size is not None:
                    size = cb_info.contents.size = StreamSizeFn(lambda _userdata: frontend.size)

                # Future API versions only
                # if hasattr(frontend, 'cancel'):
                #     cb_info.contents.cancel = StreamCancelFn(lambda _userdata: frontend.cancel())

                # keep frontend and callbacks in memory forever (TODO)
                frontend._registered_callbacks = [read, close, seek, size, cancel]
                self._stream_protocol_frontends[proto][uri] = frontend
                return 0

            if proto in self._stream_protocol_cbs:
                raise KeyError('Stream protocol already registered')
            self._stream_protocol_cbs[proto] = [open_backend]
            _mpv_stream_cb_add_ro(self.handle, proto.encode('utf-8'), c_void_p(), open_backend)

            return open_fn

        if open_fn is not None:
            decorator(open_fn)
        return decorator

    # Convenience functions
    def play(self, filename):
        """Play a path or URL (requires ``ytdl`` option to be set)."""
        self.loadfile(filename)

    @property
    def playlist_filenames(self):
        """Return all playlist item file names/URLs as a list of strs."""
        return [element['filename'] for element in self.playlist]

    def playlist_append(self, filename, **options):
        """Append a path or URL to the playlist. This does not start playing the file automatically. To do that, use
        ``MPV.loadfile(filename, 'append-play')``."""
        self.loadfile(filename, 'append', **options)

    # "Python stream" logic. This is some porcelain for directly playing data from python generators.

    def _python_stream_open(self, uri):
        """Internal handler for python:// protocol streams registered through @python_stream(...) and
        @python_stream_catchall
        """
        name, = re.fullmatch('python://(.*)', uri).groups()

        if name in self._python_streams:
            generator_fun, size = self._python_streams[name]
        else:
            if self._python_stream_catchall is not None:
                generator_fun, size = self._python_stream_catchall(name)
            else:
                raise ValueError('Python stream name not found and no catch-all defined')

        return GeneratorStream(generator_fun, size)

    def python_stream(self, name=None, size=None):
        """Register a generator for the python stream with the given name.

        name is the name, i.e. the part after the "python://" in the URI, that this generator is registered as.
        size is the total number of bytes in the stream (if known).

        Any given name can only be registered once. The catch-all can also only be registered once. To unregister a
        stream, call the .unregister function set on the callback.

        The generator signals EOF by returning, manually raising StopIteration or by yielding b'', an empty bytes
        object.

        The generator may be called multiple times if libmpv seeks or loops.

        See also: @mpv.python_stream_catchall

        @mpv.python_stream('foobar')
        def reader():
            for chunk in chunks:
                yield chunk
        mpv.play('python://foobar')
        mpv.wait_for_playback()
        reader.unregister()
        """
        def register(cb):
            if name in self._python_streams:
                raise KeyError('Python stream name "{}" is already registered'.format(name))
            self._python_streams[name] = (cb, size)
            def unregister():
                if name not in self._python_streams or\
                        self._python_streams[name][0] is not cb: # This is just a basic sanity check
                    raise RuntimeError('Python stream has already been unregistered')
                del self._python_streams[name]
            cb.unregister = unregister
            return cb
        return register

    def python_stream_catchall(self, cb):
        """ Register a catch-all python stream to be called when no name matches can be found. Use this decorator on a
        function that takes a name argument and returns a (generator, size) tuple (with size being None if unknown).

        An invalid URI can be signalled to libmpv by raising a ValueError inside the callback.

        See also: @mpv.python_stream(name, size)

        @mpv.python_stream_catchall
        def catchall(name):
            if not name.startswith('foo'):
                raise ValueError('Unknown Name')

            def foo_reader():
                with open(name, 'rb') as f:
                    while True:
                        chunk = f.read(1024)
                        if not chunk:
                            break
                        yield chunk
            return foo_reader, None
        mpv.play('python://foo23')
        mpv.wait_for_playback()
        catchall.unregister()
        """
        if self._python_stream_catchall is not None:
            raise KeyError('A catch-all python stream is already registered')

        self._python_stream_catchall = cb
        def unregister():
            if self._python_stream_catchall is not cb:
                    raise RuntimeError('This catch-all python stream has already been unregistered')
            self._python_stream_catchall = None
        cb.unregister = unregister
        return cb

    # Property accessors
    def _get_property(self, name, decoder=strict_decoder, fmt=MpvFormat.NODE):
        self.check_core_alive()
        out = create_string_buffer(sizeof(MpvNode))
        try:
            cval = _mpv_get_property(self.handle, name.encode('utf-8'), fmt, out)

            if fmt is MpvFormat.OSD_STRING:
                return cast(out, POINTER(c_char_p)).contents.value.decode('utf-8')
            elif fmt is MpvFormat.NODE:
                rv = cast(out, POINTER(MpvNode)).contents.node_value(decoder=decoder)
                _mpv_free_node_contents(out)
                return rv
            else:
                raise TypeError('_get_property only supports NODE and OSD_STRING formats.')
        except PropertyUnavailableError as ex:
            return None

    def _set_property(self, name, value):
        self.check_core_alive()
        ename = name.encode('utf-8')
        if isinstance(value, (list, set, dict)):
            _1, _2, _3, pointer = _make_node_str_list(value)
            _mpv_set_property(self.handle, ename, MpvFormat.NODE, pointer)
        else:
            _mpv_set_property_string(self.handle, ename, _mpv_coax_proptype(value))

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self._get_property(_py_to_mpv(name), lazy_decoder)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
            try:
                if name != 'handle' and not name.startswith('_'):
                    self._set_property(_py_to_mpv(name), value)
                else:
                    super().__setattr__(name, value)
            except AttributeError:
                super().__setattr__(name, value)

    def __dir__(self):
        return super().__dir__() + [ name.replace('-', '_') for name in self.property_list ]

    @property
    def properties(self):
        return { name: self.option_info(name) for name in self.property_list }

    # Dict-like option access
    def __getitem__(self, name, file_local=False):
        """Get an option value."""
        prefix = 'file-local-options/' if file_local else 'options/'
        return self._get_property(prefix+name, lazy_decoder)

    def __setitem__(self, name, value, file_local=False):
        """Set an option value."""
        prefix = 'file-local-options/' if file_local else 'options/'
        return self._set_property(prefix+name, value)

    def __iter__(self):
        """Iterate over all option names."""
        return iter(self.options)

    def option_info(self, name):
        """Get information on the given option."""
        try:
            return self._get_property('option-info/'+name)
        except AttributeError:
            return None


class MpvRenderContext:
    def __init__(self, mpv, api_type, **kwargs):
        self._mpv = mpv
        kwargs['api_type'] = api_type

        buf = cast(create_string_buffer(sizeof(MpvRenderCtxHandle)), POINTER(MpvRenderCtxHandle))
        _mpv_render_context_create(buf, mpv.handle, kwargs_to_render_param_array(kwargs))
        self._handle = buf.contents

    def free(self):
        _mpv_render_context_free(self._handle)

    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
        if name.startswith('_'):
            super().__setattr__(name, value)

        elif name == 'update_cb':
            func = value if value else (lambda: None)
            self._update_cb = value
            self._update_fn_wrapper = RenderUpdateFn(lambda _userdata: func())
            _mpv_render_context_set_update_callback(self._handle, self._update_fn_wrapper, None)

        else:
            param = MpvRenderParam(name, value)
            _mpv_render_context_set_parameter(self._handle, param)

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name == 'update_cb':
            return self._update_cb

        elif name == 'handle':
            return self._handle

        param = MpvRenderParam(name)
        data_type = type(param.data.contents)
        buf = cast(create_string_buffer(sizeof(data_type)), POINTER(data_type))
        param.data = buf
        _mpv_render_context_get_info(self._handle, param)
        return buf.contents.as_dict()

    def update(self):
        """ Calls mpv_render_context_update and returns the MPV_RENDER_UPDATE_FRAME flag (see render.h) """
        return bool(_mpv_render_context_update(self._handle) & 1)

    def render(self, **kwargs):
        _mpv_render_context_render(self._handle, kwargs_to_render_param_array(kwargs))

    def report_swap(self):
        _mpv_render_context_report_swap(self._handle)