diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | ma/safety_reset.bib | 62 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | ma/safety_reset.tex | 41 |
2 files changed, 94 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.bib b/ma/safety_reset.bib index d8d37bb..feb74e1 100644 --- a/ma/safety_reset.bib +++ b/ma/safety_reset.bib @@ -1164,4 +1164,66 @@ urldate = {2020-05-14},
}
+@InBook{brown01,
+ author = {Marilyn A. Brown and Shan Zhou},
+ booktitle = {Advances in Energy Systems: The Large-scale Renewable Energy Integration Challenge},
+ date = {2019},
+ title = {Smart‐Grid Policies: An International Review},
+ doi = {10.1002/9781119508311},
+ edition = {First Ed.},
+ publisher = {Wiley},
+ subtitle = {The Large-scale Renewable Energy Integration Challenge},
+ comment = {Extremely obvious industry pandering.},
+ year = {2019},
+}
+
+@WWW{kamstrup01,
+ author = {Kamstrup A/S},
+ date = {2018},
+ title = {STS prepayment meter},
+ url = {https://www.kamstrup.com/en-en/electricity-solutions/smart-electricity-meters/sts-prepayment-meter},
+ urldate = {2020-05-18},
+}
+
+@Book{sato01,
+ author = {Takuro Sato and Daniel M. Kammen and Bin Duan and Martin Macuha and Zhenyu Zhou and Jun Wu and Muhammad Tariq and Solomon Abebe Asfaw},
+ date = {2015},
+ title = {Smart Grid Standards},
+ publisher = {Wiley},
+ subtitle = {Specifications, Requirements and Technologies},
+}
+
+@Report{ec03,
+ date = {2014},
+ institution = {European Commission},
+ title = {Single Market Progress Report: Country Profiles – Italy},
+ type = {resreport},
+ url = {https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_countryreports_italy.pdf},
+ urldate = {2020-05-18},
+}
+
+@Report{usitc01,
+ author = {Lisa Alejandro and Caitlin Blair and Laura Bloodgood and Mahnaz Khan and Martha Lawless and Daniel Meehan and Patrick Schneider and Karl Tsuji},
+ date = {2014},
+ institution = {U.S. International Trade Commission},
+ title = {Global Market for Smart Electricity Meters},
+ type = {resreport},
+ subtitle = {Government Policies Driving Strong Growth},
+ url = {https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/id-037smart_meters_final.pdf},
+ urldate = {2020-05-18},
+}
+
+@TechReport{toshiba01,
+ author = {Mitsuhide Ishima and Kiyoyuki Terai and Yoshihiro Ogita},
+ date = {2018},
+ institution = {Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions},
+ title = {Construction and Operation of Communication System for Smart Meter System of TEPCO Power Grid, Inc.},
+ pages = {46-50},
+ url = {https://www.toshiba.co.jp/tech/review/2018/04/73_04pdf/f02.pdf},
+ urldate = {2020-05-18},
+ issue = {4},
+ journaltitle = {Toshiba Review},
+ volume = {73},
+}
+
@Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:biblatex;}
diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.tex b/ma/safety_reset.tex index 289d91e..fc78269 100644 --- a/ma/safety_reset.tex +++ b/ma/safety_reset.tex @@ -422,10 +422,11 @@ top of the regular mains voltage. These systems require high-power transmitters bridge regional distances\cite{dzung01}. Another important additional function is that in some countries some smart meters can be used to remotely disconnect -consumer households with outstanding bills. Using euphemisms such as \emph{Utility Revenue Protection} or the more -cynical \emph{Consumer Empowerment}\cite{kamstrup01} these systems allow an utility company to remotely disconnect a -customer at any time. Whereas before smart metering this required either additional hardware or an expensive site visit -by a qualified technician smart meters have ushered in an era of frictionless control\footnote{ +consumer households with outstanding bills. Using euphemisms such as \emph{utility revenue protection}\cite{kamstrup01} +or \emph{reducing nontechnical losses}\cite{brown01} while cynically claiming \emph{Consumer +Empowerment}\cite{kamstrup01} these systems allow an utility company to remotely disconnect a customer at any time. +Whereas before smart metering this required either additional hardware or an expensive site visit by a qualified +technician smart meters have ushered in an era of frictionless control\footnote{ Note that in some countries such as the UK non-networked mechanical prepayment meters did exist. In such systems the user inserts coins into a coin slot that activates a load switch at the household's main electricity connection. These systems were non-networked and did not allow for remote control. A disadvantage of such systems compared to @@ -466,22 +467,44 @@ transport encryption and other cryptographic services\cite{bsi-tr-03109-2,bsi-tr \subsubsection{France} % FIXME -\subsubsection{the UK} +\subsubsection{The UK} % FIXME \subsubsection{Italy} -% FIXME -\subsubsection{Northern America} -% FIXME +Italy was among the first countries to legally mandate the widespread installation of smart meters in households. Italy +in 2006 and 2007 by law set a starting date for the rollout in 2008\cite{brown01}. The Italian electricity market was +recently privatized. While the wholesale market and transmission network privatization has advanced the vast majority of +retail customers continued to use the incumbent distribution system operator ENEL as their supplier\cite{ec03}. This +dominant position allowed ENEL to orchestrate the large-scale rollout of smart meters in Italy. An unique feature of the +Italian smart metering infrastructure is that it relies on Powerline Communication (PLC) to bridge distances between +meters and cellular radio gateways\cite{gungor01}. \subsubsection{Japan} -% FIXME + +Japan is currently rolling out smart metering infrastructure. Compared to other countries in Japan significant +standardization effort has been spent on smart home integration.\cite{usitc01,sato01,brown01}. Japan has domestic +standards (JIS) for metrology and physical dimensions. The TEPCO deployment currently being rolled out is based on the +IEC DLMS/COSEM standards suite for remote meter reading in conjuction with the Japanese ECHONET protocol for the +home-area network. Smart meters are connected to TEPCO's backend systems through the customer's internet connection, +sub-gigahertz radio based on 802.15.4 framing, regular landline internet or PLC\cite{toshiba01}. + +\subsubsection{The USA} + +In the USA the rollout of smart meters has been promoted by law as early as 2005. The US electricity market is highly +complex with states having significant authority to decide on their own policies\cite{brown01}. Different from the IEC +standards used in large fraction of the rest of the world, the USA have their own domestic set of standards for smart +meters developed by ANSI\cite{sato01}. The main difference between IEC and ANSI-standard meters is that ANSI-standard +meters are round devices that plug into a wall-mounted socket while IEC devices are usually rectangular and connected +directly to the mains wiring through large screw terminals\cite{ifixit01}. \subsection{Common themes} % FIXME +% FIXME overall thing: here or somewhere else mention the ongoing confusion of smart metering and smart home, e.g. +% sato01 + \section{Security in smart grids} The smart grid in practice is nothing more or less than an aggregation of embedded control and measurement devices that |