ma: Add country overview

2 files changed, 94 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.bib b/ma/safety_reset.bib
index d8d37bb..feb74e1 100644
--- a/ma/safety_reset.bib
+++ b/ma/safety_reset.bib
@@ -1164,4 +1164,66 @@
   urldate = {2020-05-14},

 }

 

+@InBook{brown01,

+  author    = {Marilyn A. Brown and Shan Zhou},

+  booktitle = {Advances in Energy Systems: The Large-scale Renewable Energy Integration Challenge},

+  date      = {2019},

+  title     = {Smart‐Grid Policies: An International Review},

+  doi       = {10.1002/9781119508311},

+  edition   = {First Ed.},

+  publisher = {Wiley},

+  subtitle  = {The Large-scale Renewable Energy Integration Challenge},

+  comment   = {Extremely obvious industry pandering.},

+  year      = {2019},

+}

+

+@WWW{kamstrup01,

+  author  = {Kamstrup A/S},

+  date    = {2018},

+  title   = {STS prepayment meter},

+  url     = {https://www.kamstrup.com/en-en/electricity-solutions/smart-electricity-meters/sts-prepayment-meter},

+  urldate = {2020-05-18},

+}

+

+@Book{sato01,

+  author    = {Takuro Sato and Daniel M. Kammen and Bin Duan and Martin Macuha and Zhenyu Zhou and Jun Wu and Muhammad Tariq and Solomon Abebe Asfaw},

+  date      = {2015},

+  title     = {Smart Grid Standards},

+  publisher = {Wiley},

+  subtitle  = {Specifications, Requirements and Technologies},

+}

+

+@Report{ec03,

+  date        = {2014},

+  institution = {European Commission},

+  title       = {Single Market Progress Report: Country Profiles – Italy},

+  type        = {resreport},

+  url         = {https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_countryreports_italy.pdf},

+  urldate     = {2020-05-18},

+}

+

+@Report{usitc01,

+  author      = {Lisa Alejandro and Caitlin Blair and Laura Bloodgood and Mahnaz Khan and Martha Lawless and Daniel Meehan and Patrick Schneider and Karl Tsuji},

+  date        = {2014},

+  institution = {U.S. International Trade Commission},

+  title       = {Global Market for Smart Electricity Meters},

+  type        = {resreport},

+  subtitle    = {Government Policies Driving Strong Growth},

+  url         = {https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/id-037smart_meters_final.pdf},

+  urldate     = {2020-05-18},

+}

+

+@TechReport{toshiba01,

+  author       = {Mitsuhide Ishima and Kiyoyuki Terai and Yoshihiro Ogita},

+  date         = {2018},

+  institution  = {Toshiba Energy Systems and Solutions},

+  title        = {Construction and Operation of Communication System for Smart Meter System of TEPCO Power Grid, Inc.},

+  pages        = {46-50},

+  url          = {https://www.toshiba.co.jp/tech/review/2018/04/73_04pdf/f02.pdf},

+  urldate      = {2020-05-18},

+  issue        = {4},

+  journaltitle = {Toshiba Review},

+  volume       = {73},

+}

+

 @Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:biblatex;}

diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.tex b/ma/safety_reset.tex
index 289d91e..fc78269 100644
--- a/ma/safety_reset.tex
+++ b/ma/safety_reset.tex
@@ -422,10 +422,11 @@ top of the regular mains voltage. These systems require high-power transmitters
 bridge regional distances\cite{dzung01}.
 
 Another important additional function is that in some countries some smart meters can be used to remotely disconnect
-consumer households with outstanding bills. Using euphemisms such as \emph{Utility Revenue Protection} or the more
-cynical \emph{Consumer Empowerment}\cite{kamstrup01} these systems allow an utility company to remotely disconnect a
-customer at any time. Whereas before smart metering this required either additional hardware or an expensive site visit
-by a qualified technician smart meters have ushered in an era of frictionless control\footnote{
+consumer households with outstanding bills. Using euphemisms such as \emph{utility revenue protection}\cite{kamstrup01}
+or \emph{reducing nontechnical losses}\cite{brown01} while cynically claiming \emph{Consumer
+Empowerment}\cite{kamstrup01} these systems allow an utility company to remotely disconnect a customer at any time.
+Whereas before smart metering this required either additional hardware or an expensive site visit by a qualified
+technician smart meters have ushered in an era of frictionless control\footnote{
     Note that in some countries such as the UK non-networked mechanical prepayment meters did exist. In such systems the
     user inserts coins into a coin slot that activates a load switch at the household's main electricity connection.
     These systems were non-networked and did not allow for remote control. A disadvantage of such systems compared to
@@ -466,22 +467,44 @@ transport encryption and other cryptographic services\cite{bsi-tr-03109-2,bsi-tr
 \subsubsection{France}
 % FIXME
 
-\subsubsection{the UK}
+\subsubsection{The UK}
 % FIXME
 
 \subsubsection{Italy}
-% FIXME
 
-\subsubsection{Northern America}
-% FIXME
+Italy was among the first countries to legally mandate the widespread installation of smart meters in households. Italy
+in 2006 and 2007 by law set a starting date for the rollout in 2008\cite{brown01}. The Italian electricity market was
+recently privatized. While the wholesale market and transmission network privatization has advanced the vast majority of
+retail customers continued to use the incumbent distribution system operator ENEL as their supplier\cite{ec03}. This
+dominant position allowed ENEL to orchestrate the large-scale rollout of smart meters in Italy. An unique feature of the
+Italian smart metering infrastructure is that it relies on Powerline Communication (PLC) to bridge distances between
+meters and cellular radio gateways\cite{gungor01}.
 
 \subsubsection{Japan}
-% FIXME
+
+Japan is currently rolling out smart metering infrastructure. Compared to other countries in Japan significant
+standardization effort has been spent on smart home integration.\cite{usitc01,sato01,brown01}. Japan has domestic
+standards (JIS) for metrology and physical dimensions. The TEPCO deployment currently being rolled out is based on the
+IEC DLMS/COSEM standards suite for remote meter reading in conjuction with the Japanese ECHONET protocol for the
+home-area network. Smart meters are connected to TEPCO's backend systems through the customer's internet connection,
+sub-gigahertz radio based on 802.15.4 framing, regular landline internet or PLC\cite{toshiba01}.
+
+\subsubsection{The USA}
+
+In the USA the rollout of smart meters has been promoted by law as early as 2005. The US electricity market is highly
+complex with states having significant authority to decide on their own policies\cite{brown01}. Different from the IEC
+standards used in large fraction of the rest of the world, the USA have their own domestic set of standards for smart
+meters developed by ANSI\cite{sato01}. The main difference between IEC and ANSI-standard meters is that ANSI-standard
+meters are round devices that plug into a wall-mounted socket while IEC devices are usually rectangular and connected
+directly to the mains wiring through large screw terminals\cite{ifixit01}.
 
 \subsection{Common themes}
 % FIXME
 
 
+% FIXME overall thing: here or somewhere else mention the ongoing confusion of smart metering and smart home, e.g.
+% sato01
+
 \section{Security in smart grids}
 
 The smart grid in practice is nothing more or less than an aggregation of embedded control and measurement devices that