thesis: Add grid frequency measurement plots

3 files changed, 104 insertions, 18 deletions

diff --git a/ma/resources/nbexport.tplx b/ma/resources/nbexport.tplx
index a279827..f3f47bc 100644
--- a/ma/resources/nbexport.tplx
+++ b/ma/resources/nbexport.tplx
@@ -9,5 +9,17 @@
 
 ((*- endblock header -*))
 
-((* block maketitle *))\vspace*{3cm}((* endblock maketitle *))
+((* block maketitle *))\vspace*{1cm}((* endblock maketitle *))
+
+((* block stream *))
+    ((*- if output.name != 'stderr' -*))
+        ((( super() )))
+    ((*- endif -*))
+((* endblock stream *))
+
+((* block data_text *))
+    ((*- if 'application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json' not in output.data -*))
+        ((( super() )))
+    ((*- endif -*))
+((* endblock data_text *))
 
diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.bib b/ma/safety_reset.bib
index cbec74b..1614345 100644
--- a/ma/safety_reset.bib
+++ b/ma/safety_reset.bib
@@ -472,14 +472,14 @@
 	x-color = {#cc3300},
 	year = {2018}
 }
-
-@techreport{entsoe01,
-	author = {ENTSO-E System Protection Dynamics and WG},
-	month = mar,
-	title = {Oscillation Event 03.12.2017},
-	url = {https://docstore.entsoe.eu/Documents/SOC%20documents/Regional_Groups_Continental_Europe/OSCILLATION_REPORT_SPD.pdf},
-	year = {2018}
-}
+

+@TechReport{entsoe01,

+  author = {{ENTSO-E System Protection Dynamics and WG}},

+  title  = {Oscillation Event 03.12.2017},

+  url    = {https://docstore.entsoe.eu/Documents/SOC%20documents/Regional_Groups_Continental_Europe/OSCILLATION_REPORT_SPD.pdf},

+  month  = mar,

+  year   = {2018},

+}

 
 @article{leveson01,
 	author = {Nancy G. Leveson and Clark S. Turner},
@@ -540,14 +540,14 @@
 	title = {Smart meters in smart grid: An overview},
 	year = {2013}
 }
-
-@techreport{cenelec01,
-	author = {The CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group Standards Smart on for Grids},
-	month = may,
-	organization = {CEN/CENELEC/ETSI},
-	title = {Final report of the CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group on Standards for Smart Grids},
-	year = {2011}
-}
+

+@TechReport{cenelec01,

+  author       = {{The CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group Standards Smart on for Grids}},

+  title        = {Final report of the CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group on Standards for Smart Grids},

+  month        = may,

+  organization = {CEN/CENELEC/ETSI},

+  year         = {2011},

+}

 
 @techreport{pariente01,
 	author = {Dillon Pariente and Emmanuel Ledinot},
@@ -820,4 +820,28 @@
   year      = {2016},

 }

 

+@Article{perrin01,

+  author  = {Perrin, Trevor},

+  title   = {The Noise protocol framework, 2015},

+  journal = {URL http://noiseprotocol. org/noise. pdf},

+  year    = {2016},

+}

+

+@Article{kabalci01,

+  author = {Yasin Kabalci},

+  title  = {A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication},

+  doi    = {10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.114},

+  issn   = {1364-0321},

+  pages  = {302-318},

+  volume = {57},

+  year   = {2016},

+}

+

+@Thesis{gasior02,

+  author = {Gasior, Marek},

+  title  = {{Improving frequency resolution of discrete spectra: algorithms of three-node interpolation}},

+  url    = {https://cds.cern.ch/record/1346070},

+  year   = {2006},

+}

+

 @Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:biblatex;}

diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.tex b/ma/safety_reset.tex
index a292458..f8c97f6 100644
--- a/ma/safety_reset.tex
+++ b/ma/safety_reset.tex
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ despite numerous distortions.
 \begin{figure}
     \centering
     \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/mains_voltage_spectrum}
-    \caption{Fourier transform of an 8 hour capture of mains voltage. Data was captured using our frequency measurement
+    \caption{Fourier transform of a 24 hour capture of mains voltage. Data was captured using our frequency measurement
     sensor described in section \ref{sec-fsensor} and FFT'ed after applying a blackman window. Vertical lines indicate
     $50 \text{Hz}$ and odd harmonics.}
     \label{mains_voltage_spectrum}
@@ -1055,6 +1055,44 @@ interface and its good tolerance of system resets due to unexpected power loss.
 
 \subsection{Frequency sensor measurement results}
 
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/freq_meas_trace_24h}
+    \caption{Trace of grid frequency over a 24 hour window. One clearly visible feature are large positive and negative
+    transients at full hours. Times shown are UTC. Note that the european continental synchronous area that this
+    sensor is placed in covers several time zones which may result in images of daily load peaks appearing in 1 hour
+    intervals. Fig.\ \ref{freq_meas_trace_mag} contains two magnified intervals from this plot.}
+    \label{freq_meas_trace}
+\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}
+    \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
+        \centering
+        \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/freq_meas_trace_2h_1}
+        \caption{A 2 hour window around 00:00 UTC.}
+    \end{subfigure}
+    \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
+        \centering
+        \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/freq_meas_trace_2h_2}
+        \caption{A 2 hour window around 18:30 UTC.}
+    \end{subfigure}
+    \caption{Two magnified 2 hour windows of the trace from fig.\ \ref{freq_meas_trace}.}
+    \label{freq_meas_trace_mag}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/freq_meas_spectrum}
+    \caption{Fourier transform of the 24 hour grid frequency trace in fig. \ref{freq_meas_trace} with some notable peaks
+    annotated with the corresponding period in seconds. The $\frac{1}{f}$ line indicates a pink noise spectrum. We can
+    clearly see the noise spectrum flattens below some frequency around $\frac{1}{120 \text{s}}$. This effect is due to
+    primary control actively regulating grid frequency over such time intervals. Beyond the $\frac{1}{f}$ slope starting
+    at around $1 \text{Hz}$ we can make out a white noise floor in the order of $\frac{\mu\text{Hz}}{\text{Hz}}$.
+    % TODO: where does this noise floor come from? Is it a fundamental property of the grid? Is it due to limitations of
+    % our measurement setup (such as ocxo stability/phase noise) ???
+    }
+    \label{freq_meas_spectrum}
+\end{figure}
+
 Captured raw waveform data is processed in the Jupyter Lab environment\cite{kluyver01} and grid frequency estimates are
 extracted as described in sec. \ref{frequency_estimation} using the \textcite{gasior01} technique. Appendix
 \ref{grid_freq_estimation_notebook} contains the Jupyter notebook we used for frequency measurement.
@@ -1063,6 +1101,16 @@ extracted as described in sec. \ref{frequency_estimation} using the \textcite{ga
 
 \section{Channel simulation and parameter validation}
 
+To validate all layers of our communication stack from modulation scheme to cryptography we built a prototype
+implementation in python. Implementing all components in a high-level language builds up familiartiy with the concepts
+while taking away much of the implementation complexity. For our demonstrator we will not be able to use python since
+our target platform is a cheap low-end microcontroller. Our demonstrator firmware will have to be written in a low-level
+language such as C or rust. For prototyping these languages lack flexibility compared to python.
+% FIXME introduce project outline, specs -> proto -> demo above!
+
+To validate our modulation scheme we performed a series of simulations. We produced modulated frequency data that we
+superimposed with either of simulated pink noise or an actual grid frequency measurement series.
+% FIXME do test series with simulated noise emulating measured noise spectrum
 
 \section{Implementation of a demonstrator unit} 
 
@@ -1070,6 +1118,8 @@ extracted as described in sec. \ref{frequency_estimation} using the \textcite{ga
 
 \section{Lessons learned}
 
+
+
 \chapter{Future work}
 \section{Technical standardization}
 The description of a safety reset system provided in this work could be translated into a formalized technical standard