fw simulator: WIP

2 files changed, 63 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/ma/Makefile b/ma/Makefile
index 99bf808..e5e2b85 100644
--- a/ma/Makefile
+++ b/ma/Makefile
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ all: safety_reset.pdf
 
 safety_reset.pdf: resources/grid_freq_estimation.pdf
 safety_reset.pdf: resources/gps_clock_jitter_analysis.pdf
+safety_reset.pdf: resources/dsss_experiments-ber.pdf
 
 %.pdf: %.tex %.bib
 	pdflatex -shell-escape $<
diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.tex b/ma/safety_reset.tex
index 392bb3c..8da7960 100644
--- a/ma/safety_reset.tex
+++ b/ma/safety_reset.tex
@@ -1183,16 +1183,30 @@ indicates SER is related fairly monotonically to the signal-to-noise margins ins
 
 \begin{figure}
     \centering
-    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_gold_nbits_overview}
+    \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_gold_nbits_overview}
     \caption{
+        Symbol Error Rate (SER) as a function of transmission amplitude. The line indicates the mean of several
+        measurements for each parameter set. The shaded areas indicate one standard deviation from the mean. Background
+        noise for each trial is a random segment of measured grid frequency. Background noise amplitude is the same for
+        all trials. Shown are four traces for four different DSSS sequence lengths. Using a 5-bit gold code, one DSSS
+        symbol measures 31 chips. 6 bit per symbol are 63 chips, 7 bit are 127 chips and 8 bit 255 chips. This
+        simulation uses a decimation of 10, which corresponds to an $1 \text{s}$ chip length at our $10 \text{Hz}$ grid
+        frequency sampling rate. At 5 bit per symbol, one symbol takes $31 \text{s}$ and one bit takes $6.2 \text{s}$
+        amortized. At 8 bit one symbol takes $255 \text{s} = 4 \text{min} 15 \text{s}$ and one bit takes $31.9 \text{s}$
+        amortized. Here, slower transmission speed buys coding gain. All else being the same this allows for a decrease
+        in transmission power.
     }
     \label{dsss_gold_nbits_overview}
 \end{figure}
 
 \begin{figure}
     \centering
-    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_gold_nbits_sensitivity}
+    \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_gold_nbits_sensitivity}
     \caption{
+        Amplitude at a SER of 0.5\ in mHz depending on symbol length. Here we can observe an increase of sensitivity
+        with increasing symbol length, but we can clearly see diminishing returns above 6 bit (63 chips). Considering
+        that each bit roughly doubles overall transmission time for a given data length it seems lower bit counts are
+        preferrable if the necessary transmitter power can be realized.
     }
     \label{dsss_gold_nbits_sensitivity}
 \end{figure}
@@ -1200,20 +1214,38 @@ indicates SER is related fairly monotonically to the signal-to-noise margins ins
 \begin{figure}
     \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
         \centering
-        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_thf_amplitude_5678}
+        \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_thf_amplitude_5678}
         \label{dsss_thf_amplitude_5678}
         \caption{
+            \footnotesize SER vs.\ amplitude graph similar to fig.\ \ref{dsss_gold_nbits_overview} with dependence on
+            threshold factor color-coded. Each graph shows traces for a single DSSS symbol length.
         }
     \end{subfigure}
+\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}
+    \ContinuedFloat
     \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
         \centering
-        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_thf_sensitivity_5678}
+        \includegraphics{../lab-windows/fig_out/dsss_thf_sensitivity_5678}
         \label{dsss_thf_sensitivity_5678}
         \caption{
+            \footnotesize Graphs of amplitude at $SER=0.5$ for each symbol length as well as asymptotic SER for large
+            amplitudes.  Areas shaded red indicate that $SER=0.5$ was not reached for any amplitude in the simulated
+            range. We can observe that smaller symbol lengths favor lower threshold factors, and that optimal threshold
+            factors for all symbol lengths are between $4.0$ and $5.0$.
         }
     \end{subfigure}
     \caption{
-    }
+            Dependence of demodulator sensitivity on the threshold factor used for correlation peak detection in our
+            DSSS demodulator. This is an empirically-determined parameter specific to our demodulation algorithm. At low
+            threshold factors our classifier yields lots of spurious peaks that have to be thrown out by our maximum
+            likelihood estimator. These spurious peaks have a random time distribution and thus do not pose much of a
+            challenge to our MLE but at very low threshold factors the number of spurious peaks slows down decoding and
+            does still clog our MLE's internal size-limited candidate lists which leads to failed decodings. At very
+            high threshold factors decoding performance suffers greatly since many valid correlation peaks get
+            incorrectly ignored. The glitches at medium threshold factors in the 7- and 8-bit graphs are artifacts of
+            our prototype decoding algorithm that we have not fixed in the prototype implementation since we wanted to
+            focus on the final C version.}
     \label{dsss_thf_sensitivity}
 \end{figure}
 
@@ -1223,16 +1255,31 @@ indicates SER is related fairly monotonically to the signal-to-noise margins ins
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/chip_duration_sensitivity_5}
         \label{chip_duration_sensitivity_5}
         \caption{
+        5 bit Gold code
         }
     \end{subfigure}
+\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}
+    \ContinuedFloat
     \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/chip_duration_sensitivity_6}
         \label{chip_duration_sensitivity_6}
         \caption{
+        6 bit Gold code
         }
     \end{subfigure}
     \caption{
+        Dependence of demodulator sensitivity on DSSS chip duration. Due to computational constraints this simulation is
+        limited to 5 bit and 6 bit DSSS sequences. There is a clearly visible sensitivity maximum at fairly short chip
+        lengths around $0.2 \text{s}$. Short chip durations shift the entire transmission band up in frequency. In fig.\
+        \ref{freq_meas_spectrum} we can see that noise energy is mostly concentrated at lower frequencies, so shifting
+        our signal up in frequency will reduce the amount of noise the decoder sees behind the correlator by shifting
+        the band of interest into a lower-noise spectral region. For a practical implementation chip duration is limited
+        by physical factors such as the maximum modulation slew rate ($\frac{\text{d}P}{\text{d}t}$), the maximum
+        Rate-Of-Change-Of-Frequency (ROCOF, $\frac{\text{d}f}{\text{d}t}$) the grid can tolerate and possible inertial
+        effects limiting response of frequency to load changes at certain load levels.
+        % FIXME are these inertial effects likely? Ask an expert.
     }
     \label{chip_duration_sensitivity}
 \end{figure}
@@ -1243,16 +1290,25 @@ indicates SER is related fairly monotonically to the signal-to-noise margins ins
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/chip_duration_sensitivity_cmp_meas_6}
         \label{chip_duration_sensitivity_cmp_meas_6}
         \caption{
+            Simulation using baseline frequency data from actual measurements.
         }
     \end{subfigure}
+\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}
+    \ContinuedFloat
     \begin{subfigure}{\textwidth}
         \centering
         \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../lab-windows/fig_out/chip_duration_sensitivity_cmp_synth_6}
         \label{chip_duration_sensitivity_cmp_synth_6}
         \caption{
+            Simulation using synthetic frequency data.
         }
     \end{subfigure}
     \caption{
+        Chip duration/sensitivity simulation results like in fig.\ \ref{chip_duration_sensitivity} compared between a
+        simulation using measured frequency data like previous graphs and one using artificially generated noise. There
+        is almost no visible difference indicating that we have found a good model of reality in our noise synthesizer,
+        but also that real grid frequency behaves like a frequency-shaped gaussian noise process.
     }
     \label{chip_duration_sensitivity_cmp}
 \end{figure}
@@ -1355,6 +1411,7 @@ correctly configure than it is to simply use separate hardware and secure the in
 
 \includenotebook{Grid frequency estimation}{grid_freq_estimation}
 \includenotebook{Frequency sensor clock stability analysis}{gps_clock_jitter_analysis}
+\includenotebook{DSSS modulation experiments}{dsss_experiments-ber}
 
 \chapter{Demonstrator schematics and code}