ma: Add country overview

1 files changed, 32 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/ma/safety_reset.tex b/ma/safety_reset.tex
index 289d91e..fc78269 100644
--- a/ma/safety_reset.tex
+++ b/ma/safety_reset.tex
@@ -422,10 +422,11 @@ top of the regular mains voltage. These systems require high-power transmitters
 bridge regional distances\cite{dzung01}.
 
 Another important additional function is that in some countries some smart meters can be used to remotely disconnect
-consumer households with outstanding bills. Using euphemisms such as \emph{Utility Revenue Protection} or the more
-cynical \emph{Consumer Empowerment}\cite{kamstrup01} these systems allow an utility company to remotely disconnect a
-customer at any time. Whereas before smart metering this required either additional hardware or an expensive site visit
-by a qualified technician smart meters have ushered in an era of frictionless control\footnote{
+consumer households with outstanding bills. Using euphemisms such as \emph{utility revenue protection}\cite{kamstrup01}
+or \emph{reducing nontechnical losses}\cite{brown01} while cynically claiming \emph{Consumer
+Empowerment}\cite{kamstrup01} these systems allow an utility company to remotely disconnect a customer at any time.
+Whereas before smart metering this required either additional hardware or an expensive site visit by a qualified
+technician smart meters have ushered in an era of frictionless control\footnote{
     Note that in some countries such as the UK non-networked mechanical prepayment meters did exist. In such systems the
     user inserts coins into a coin slot that activates a load switch at the household's main electricity connection.
     These systems were non-networked and did not allow for remote control. A disadvantage of such systems compared to
@@ -466,22 +467,44 @@ transport encryption and other cryptographic services\cite{bsi-tr-03109-2,bsi-tr
 \subsubsection{France}
 % FIXME
 
-\subsubsection{the UK}
+\subsubsection{The UK}
 % FIXME
 
 \subsubsection{Italy}
-% FIXME
 
-\subsubsection{Northern America}
-% FIXME
+Italy was among the first countries to legally mandate the widespread installation of smart meters in households. Italy
+in 2006 and 2007 by law set a starting date for the rollout in 2008\cite{brown01}. The Italian electricity market was
+recently privatized. While the wholesale market and transmission network privatization has advanced the vast majority of
+retail customers continued to use the incumbent distribution system operator ENEL as their supplier\cite{ec03}. This
+dominant position allowed ENEL to orchestrate the large-scale rollout of smart meters in Italy. An unique feature of the
+Italian smart metering infrastructure is that it relies on Powerline Communication (PLC) to bridge distances between
+meters and cellular radio gateways\cite{gungor01}.
 
 \subsubsection{Japan}
-% FIXME
+
+Japan is currently rolling out smart metering infrastructure. Compared to other countries in Japan significant
+standardization effort has been spent on smart home integration.\cite{usitc01,sato01,brown01}. Japan has domestic
+standards (JIS) for metrology and physical dimensions. The TEPCO deployment currently being rolled out is based on the
+IEC DLMS/COSEM standards suite for remote meter reading in conjuction with the Japanese ECHONET protocol for the
+home-area network. Smart meters are connected to TEPCO's backend systems through the customer's internet connection,
+sub-gigahertz radio based on 802.15.4 framing, regular landline internet or PLC\cite{toshiba01}.
+
+\subsubsection{The USA}
+
+In the USA the rollout of smart meters has been promoted by law as early as 2005. The US electricity market is highly
+complex with states having significant authority to decide on their own policies\cite{brown01}. Different from the IEC
+standards used in large fraction of the rest of the world, the USA have their own domestic set of standards for smart
+meters developed by ANSI\cite{sato01}. The main difference between IEC and ANSI-standard meters is that ANSI-standard
+meters are round devices that plug into a wall-mounted socket while IEC devices are usually rectangular and connected
+directly to the mains wiring through large screw terminals\cite{ifixit01}.
 
 \subsection{Common themes}
 % FIXME
 
 
+% FIXME overall thing: here or somewhere else mention the ongoing confusion of smart metering and smart home, e.g.
+% sato01
+
 \section{Security in smart grids}
 
 The smart grid in practice is nothing more or less than an aggregation of embedded control and measurement devices that