More doc!

7 files changed, 358 insertions, 297 deletions

diff --git a/gerbonara/aperture_macros/primitive.py b/gerbonara/aperture_macros/primitive.py
index 8732520..47ae87b 100644
--- a/gerbonara/aperture_macros/primitive.py
+++ b/gerbonara/aperture_macros/primitive.py
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class Polygon(Primitive):
             rotation += deg_to_rad(calc.rotation)
             x, y = gp.rotate_point(calc.x, calc.y, rotation, 0, 0)
             x, y = x+offset[0], y+offset[1]
-            return [ gp.RegularPolygon(calc.x, calc.y, calc.diameter/2, calc.n_vertices, rotation,
+            return [ gp.ArcPoly.from_regular_polygon(calc.x, calc.y, calc.diameter/2, calc.n_vertices, rotation,
                         polarity_dark=(bool(calc.exposure) == polarity_dark)) ]
 
     def dilate(self, offset, unit):
diff --git a/gerbonara/apertures.py b/gerbonara/apertures.py
index e22b702..d717d36 100644
--- a/gerbonara/apertures.py
+++ b/gerbonara/apertures.py
@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ from . import graphic_primitives as gp
 
 def _flash_hole(self, x, y, unit=None, polarity_dark=True):
     if getattr(self, 'hole_rect_h', None) is not None:
+        w, h = self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.hole_dia), self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.hole_rect_h)
         return [*self._primitives(x, y, unit, polarity_dark),
-                gp.Rectangle((x, y),
-                    (self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.hole_dia), self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.hole_rect_h)),
-                    rotation=self.rotation, polarity_dark=(not polarity_dark))]
+                gp.Rectangle(x, y, w, h, rotation=self.rotation, polarity_dark=(not polarity_dark))]
     elif self.hole_dia is not None:
         return [*self._primitives(x, y, unit, polarity_dark),
                 gp.Circle(x, y, self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.hole_dia/2), polarity_dark=(not polarity_dark))]
@@ -312,7 +311,7 @@ class ObroundAperture(Aperture):
     rotation : float = 0
 
     def _primitives(self, x, y, unit=None, polarity_dark=True):
-        return [ gp.Obround(x, y, self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.w), self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.h),
+        return [ gp.Line.from_obround(x, y, self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.w), self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.h),
             rotation=self.rotation, polarity_dark=polarity_dark) ]
 
     def __str__(self):
@@ -370,7 +369,7 @@ class PolygonAperture(Aperture):
         self.n_vertices = int(self.n_vertices)
 
     def _primitives(self, x, y, unit=None, polarity_dark=True):
-        return [ gp.RegularPolygon(x, y, self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.diameter)/2, self.n_vertices,
+        return [ gp.ArcPoly.from_regular_polygon(x, y, self.unit.convert_to(unit, self.diameter)/2, self.n_vertices,
             rotation=self.rotation, polarity_dark=polarity_dark) ]
 
     def __str__(self):
diff --git a/gerbonara/cam.py b/gerbonara/cam.py
index ccf1d2a..cf1d78a 100644
--- a/gerbonara/cam.py
+++ b/gerbonara/cam.py
@@ -198,13 +198,55 @@ class FileSettings:
         return format(value, f'0{integer_digits+decimal_digits+1}.{decimal_digits}f')
 
 
+class Polyline:
+    """ Class that is internally used to generate compact SVG renderings. Collectes a number of subsequent
+    :py:class:`~.graphic_objects.Line` and :py:class:`~.graphic_objects.Arc` instances into one SVG <path>. """
+
+    def __init__(self, *lines):
+        self.coords = []
+        self.polarity_dark = None
+        self.width = None
+
+        for line in lines:
+            self.append(line)
+
+    def append(self, line):
+        assert isinstance(line, Line)
+        if not self.coords:
+            self.coords.append((line.x1, line.y1))
+            self.coords.append((line.x2, line.y2))
+            self.polarity_dark = line.polarity_dark
+            self.width = line.width
+            return True
+
+        else:
+            x, y = self.coords[-1]
+            if self.polarity_dark == line.polarity_dark and self.width == line.width \
+                    and math.isclose(line.x1, x) and math.isclose(line.y1, y):
+                self.coords.append((line.x2, line.y2))
+                return True
+
+            else:
+                return False
+
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
+        color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
+        if not self.coords:
+            return None
+
+        (x0, y0), *rest = self.coords
+        d = f'M {x0:.6} {y0:.6} ' + ' '.join(f'L {x:.6} {y:.6}' for x, y in rest)
+        width = f'{self.width:.6}' if not math.isclose(self.width, 0) else '0.01mm'
+        return tag('path', d=d, style=f'fill: none; stroke: {color}; stroke-width: {width}; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-linecap: round')
+
+
 class CamFile:
     def __init__(self, original_path=None, layer_name=None, import_settings=None):
         self.original_path = original_path
         self.layer_name = layer_name
         self.import_settings = import_settings
 
-    def to_svg(self, tag=Tag, margin=0, arg_unit=MM, svg_unit=MM, force_bounds=None, fg='black', bg='white'):
+    def to_svg(self, margin=0, arg_unit=MM, svg_unit=MM, force_bounds=None, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
 
         if force_bounds is None:
             (min_x, min_y), (max_x, max_y) = self.bounding_box(svg_unit, default=((0, 0), (0, 0)))
@@ -252,15 +294,15 @@ class CamFile:
                             polyline = gp.Polyline(primitive)
                         else:
                             if not polyline.append(primitive):
-                                tags.append(polyline.to_svg(tag, fg, bg))
+                                tags.append(polyline.to_svg(fg, bg, tag=tag))
                                 polyline = gp.Polyline(primitive)
                     else:
                         if polyline:
-                            tags.append(polyline.to_svg(tag, fg, bg))
+                            tags.append(polyline.to_svg(fg, bg, tag=tag))
                             polyline = None
-                        tags.append(primitive.to_svg(tag, fg, bg))
+                        tags.append(primitive.to_svg(fg, bg, tag=tag))
         if polyline:
-            tags.append(polyline.to_svg(tag, fg, bg))
+            tags.append(polyline.to_svg(fg, bg, tag=tag))
 
         # setup viewport transform flipping y axis
         xform = f'translate({content_min_x} {content_min_y+content_h}) scale(1 -1) translate({-content_min_x} {-content_min_y})'
diff --git a/gerbonara/graphic_objects.py b/gerbonara/graphic_objects.py
index cdf593f..c29db5c 100644
--- a/gerbonara/graphic_objects.py
+++ b/gerbonara/graphic_objects.py
@@ -262,7 +262,8 @@ class Region(GraphicObject):
 
     def append(self, obj):
         if obj.unit != self.unit:
-            raise ValueError('Cannot append Polyline with "{obj.unit}" coords to Region with "{self.unit}" coords.')
+            obj = obj.converted(self.unit)
+
         if not self.poly.outline:
             self.poly.outline.append(obj.p1)
         self.poly.outline.append(obj.p2)
diff --git a/gerbonara/graphic_primitives.py b/gerbonara/graphic_primitives.py
index 889aa92..4d81792 100644
--- a/gerbonara/graphic_primitives.py
+++ b/gerbonara/graphic_primitives.py
@@ -4,210 +4,70 @@ import itertools
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, KW_ONLY, replace
 
+from .utils import *
+
 
 @dataclass
 class GraphicPrimitive:
     _ : KW_ONLY
     polarity_dark : bool = True
 
+    def bounding_box(self):
+        """ Return the axis-aligned bounding box of this feature.
+
+        :returns: ``((min_x, min_Y), (max_x, max_y))``
+        :rtype: tuple
+        """
 
-def rotate_point(x, y, angle, cx=0, cy=0):
-    """ rotate point (x,y) around (cx,cy) clockwise angle radians """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    return (cx + (x - cx) * math.cos(-angle) - (y - cy) * math.sin(-angle),
-            cy + (x - cx) * math.sin(-angle) + (y - cy) * math.cos(-angle))
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
+        """ Render this primitive into its SVG representation.
 
-def min_none(a, b):
-    if a is None:
-        return b
-    if b is None:
-        return a
-    return min(a, b)
+        :param str fg: Foreground color. Must be an SVG color name.
+        :param str bg: Background color. Must be an SVG color name.
+        :param function tag: Tag constructor to use.
 
-def max_none(a, b):
-    if a is None:
-        return b
-    if b is None:
-        return a
-    return max(a, b)
+        :rtype: str
+        """
 
-def add_bounds(b1, b2):
-    (min_x_1, min_y_1), (max_x_1, max_y_1) = b1
-    (min_x_2, min_y_2), (max_x_2, max_y_2) = b2
-    min_x, min_y = min_none(min_x_1, min_x_2), min_none(min_y_1, min_y_2)
-    max_x, max_y = max_none(max_x_1, max_x_2), max_none(max_y_1, max_y_2)
-    return ((min_x, min_y), (max_x, max_y))
+        raise NotImplementedError()
 
-def rad_to_deg(x):
-    return x/math.pi * 180
 
 @dataclass
 class Circle(GraphicPrimitive):
+    #: Center X coordinate
     x : float
+    #: Center y coordinate
     y : float
+    #: Radius, not diameter like in :py:class:`.apertures.CircleAperture`
     r : float # Here, we use radius as common in modern computer graphics, not diameter as gerber uses.
 
     def bounding_box(self):
         return ((self.x-self.r, self.y-self.r), (self.x+self.r, self.y+self.r))
 
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
         color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
         return tag('circle', cx=self.x, cy=self.y, r=self.r, style=f'fill: {color}')
 
 
 @dataclass
-class Obround(GraphicPrimitive):
-    x : float
-    y : float
-    w : float
-    h : float
-    rotation : float # radians!
-
-    def to_line(self):
-        if self.w > self.h:
-            w, a, b = self.h, self.w-self.h, 0
-        else:
-            w, a, b = self.w, 0, self.h-self.w
-        return Line(
-                *rotate_point(self.x-a/2, self.y-b/2, self.rotation, self.x, self.y),
-                *rotate_point(self.x+a/2, self.y+b/2, self.rotation, self.x, self.y),
-                w, polarity_dark=self.polarity_dark)
-
-    def bounding_box(self):
-        return self.to_line().bounding_box()
-
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
-        return self.to_line().to_svg(tag, fg, bg)
-
-
-def arc_bounds(x1, y1, x2, y2, cx, cy, clockwise):
-    # This is one of these problems typical for computer geometry where out of nowhere a seemingly simple task just
-    # happens to be anything but in practice.
-    #
-    # Online there are a number of algorithms to be found solving this problem. Often, they solve the more general
-    # problem for elliptic arcs. We can keep things simple here since we only have circular arcs.
-    # 
-    # This solution manages to handle circular arcs given in gerber format (with explicit center and endpoints, plus
-    # sweep direction instead of a format with e.g. angles and radius) without any trigonometric functions (e.g. atan2).
-    #
-    # cx, cy are relative to p1.
-
-    # Center arc on cx, cy
-    cx += x1
-    cy += y1
-    x1 -= cx
-    x2 -= cx
-    y1 -= cy
-    y2 -= cy
-    clockwise = bool(clockwise) # bool'ify for XOR/XNOR below
-
-    # Calculate radius
-    r = math.sqrt(x1**2 + y1**2)
-
-    # Calculate in which half-planes (north/south, west/east) P1 and P2 lie.
-    # Note that we assume the y axis points upwards, as in Gerber and maths.
-    # SVG has its y axis pointing downwards.
-    p1_west = x1 < 0
-    p1_north = y1 > 0
-    p2_west = x2 < 0
-    p2_north = y2 > 0
-
-    # Calculate bounding box of P1 and P2
-    min_x = min(x1, x2)
-    min_y = min(y1, y2)
-    max_x = max(x1, x2)
-    max_y = max(y1, y2)
-
-    #               North
-    #                 ^
-    #                 |
-    #                 |(0,0)
-    #      West <-----X-----> East
-    #                 |
-    #  +Y             |
-    #   ^             v
-    #   |           South
-    #   |
-    #   +-----> +X
-    #
-    # Check whether the arc sweeps over any coordinate axes. If it does, add the intersection point to the bounding box.
-    # Note that, since this intersection point is at radius r, it has coordinate e.g. (0, r) for the north intersection.
-    # Since we know that the points lie on either side of the coordinate axis, the '0' coordinate of the intersection
-    # point will not change the bounding box in that axis--only its 'r' coordinate matters. We also know that the
-    # absolute value of that coordinate will be greater than or equal to the old coordinate in that direction since the
-    # intersection with the axis is the point where the full circle is tangent to the AABB. Thus, we can blindly set the
-    # corresponding coordinate of the bounding box without min()/max()'ing first.
-
-    # Handle north/south halfplanes
-    if p1_west != p2_west: # arc starts in west half-plane, ends in east half-plane
-        if p1_west == clockwise: # arc is clockwise west -> east or counter-clockwise east -> west
-            max_y = r # add north to bounding box
-        else: # arc is counter-clockwise west -> east or clockwise east -> west
-            min_y = -r # south
-    else: # Arc starts and ends in same halfplane west/east
-        # Since both points are on the arc (at same radius) in one halfplane, we can use the y coord as a proxy for
-        # angle comparisons. 
-        small_arc_is_north_to_south = y1 > y2
-        small_arc_is_clockwise = small_arc_is_north_to_south == p1_west
-        if small_arc_is_clockwise != clockwise:
-            min_y, max_y = -r, r # intersect aabb with both north and south
-
-    # Handle west/east halfplanes
-    if p1_north != p2_north:
-        if p1_north == clockwise:
-            max_x = r # east
-        else:
-            min_x = -r # west
-    else:
-        small_arc_is_west_to_east = x1 < x2
-        small_arc_is_clockwise = small_arc_is_west_to_east == p1_north
-        if small_arc_is_clockwise != clockwise:
-            min_x, max_x = -r, r # intersect aabb with both north and south
-
-    return (min_x+cx, min_y+cy), (max_x+cx, max_y+cy)
-
-
-def point_line_distance(l1, l2, p):
-    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_from_a_point_to_a_line
-    x1, y1 = l1
-    x2, y2 = l2
-    x0, y0 = p
-    length = math.dist(l1, l2)
-    if math.isclose(length, 0):
-        return math.dist(l1, p)
-    return ((x2-x1)*(y1-y0) - (x1-x0)*(y2-y1)) / length
-
-def svg_arc(old, new, center, clockwise):
-    r = math.hypot(*center)
-    # invert sweep flag since the svg y axis is mirrored
-    sweep_flag = int(not clockwise)
-    # In the degenerate case where old == new, we always take the long way around. To represent this "full-circle arc"
-    # in SVG, we have to split it into two.
-    if math.isclose(math.dist(old, new), 0):
-        intermediate = old[0] + 2*center[0], old[1] + 2*center[1]
-        # Note that we have to preserve the sweep flag to avoid causing self-intersections by flipping the direction of
-        # a circular cutin
-        return f'A {r:.6} {r:.6} 0 1 {sweep_flag} {intermediate[0]:.6} {intermediate[1]:.6} ' +\
-               f'A {r:.6} {r:.6} 0 1 {sweep_flag} {new[0]:.6} {new[1]:.6}'
-
-    else: # normal case
-        d = point_line_distance(old, new, (old[0]+center[0], old[1]+center[1]))
-        large_arc = int((d < 0) == clockwise)
-        return f'A {r:.6} {r:.6} 0 {large_arc} {sweep_flag} {new[0]:.6} {new[1]:.6}'
-
-@dataclass
 class ArcPoly(GraphicPrimitive):
-    """ Polygon whose sides may be either straight lines or circular arcs """
+    """ Polygon whose sides may be either straight lines or circular arcs. """
 
-    # list of (x : float, y : float) tuples. Describes closed outline, i.e. first and last point are considered
-    # connected.
+    #: list of (x : float, y : float) tuples. Describes closed outline, i.e. the first and last point are considered
+    #: connected.
     outline : list
-    # must be either None (all segments are straight lines) or same length as outline.
-    # Straight line segments have None entry.
+    #: Must be either None (all segments are straight lines) or same length as outline.
+    #: Straight line segments have None entry.
     arc_centers : list = None
 
     @property
     def segments(self):
+        """ Return an iterator through all *segments* of this polygon. For each outline segment (line or arc), this
+        iterator will yield a ``(p1, p2, center)`` tuple. If the segment is a straight line, ``center`` will be
+        ``None``.
+        """
         ol = self.outline
         return itertools.zip_longest(ol, ol[1:] + [ol[0]], self.arc_centers or [])
 
@@ -223,10 +83,24 @@ class ArcPoly(GraphicPrimitive):
                 bbox = add_bounds(bbox, line_bounds)
         return bbox
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_regular_polygon(kls, x:float, y:float, r:float, n:int, rotation:float=0, polarity_dark:bool=True):
+        """ Convert an n-sided gerber polygon to a normal ArcPoly defined by outline """
+
+        delta = 2*math.pi / self.n
+
+        return kls([
+                (self.x + math.cos(self.rotation + i*delta) * self.r,
+                 self.y + math.sin(self.rotation + i*delta) * self.r)
+                for i in range(self.n) ], polarity_dark=polarity_dark)
+
     def __len__(self):
+        """ Return the number of points on this polygon's outline (which is also the number of segments because the
+        polygon is closed). """
         return len(self.outline)
 
     def __bool__(self):
+        """ Return ``True`` if this polygon has any outline points. """
         return bool(len(self))
 
     def _path_d(self):
@@ -242,61 +116,44 @@ class ArcPoly(GraphicPrimitive):
                 clockwise, center = arc
                 yield svg_arc(old, new, center, clockwise)
 
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
         color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
         return tag('path', d=' '.join(self._path_d()), style=f'fill: {color}')
 
-class Polyline:
-    def __init__(self, *lines):
-        self.coords = []
-        self.polarity_dark = None
-        self.width = None
-
-        for line in lines:
-            self.append(line)
-
-    def append(self, line):
-        assert isinstance(line, Line)
-        if not self.coords:
-            self.coords.append((line.x1, line.y1))
-            self.coords.append((line.x2, line.y2))
-            self.polarity_dark = line.polarity_dark
-            self.width = line.width
-            return True
-
-        else:
-            x, y = self.coords[-1]
-            if self.polarity_dark == line.polarity_dark and self.width == line.width \
-                    and math.isclose(line.x1, x) and math.isclose(line.y1, y):
-                self.coords.append((line.x2, line.y2))
-                return True
-
-            else:
-                return False
-
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
-        color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
-        if not self.coords:
-            return None
-
-        (x0, y0), *rest = self.coords
-        d = f'M {x0:.6} {y0:.6} ' + ' '.join(f'L {x:.6} {y:.6}' for x, y in rest)
-        width = f'{self.width:.6}' if not math.isclose(self.width, 0) else '0.01mm'
-        return tag('path', d=d, style=f'fill: none; stroke: {color}; stroke-width: {width}; stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-linecap: round')
 
 @dataclass
 class Line(GraphicPrimitive):
+    """ Straight line with round end caps. """
+    #: Start X coordinate. As usual in modern graphics APIs, this is at the center of the half-circle capping off this
+    #: line.
     x1 : float
+    #: Start Y coordinate
     y1 : float
+    #: End X coordinate
     x2 : float
+    #: End Y coordinate
     y2 : float
+    #: Line width
     width : float
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_obround(kls, x:float, y:float, w:float, h:float, rotation:float=0, polarity_dark:bool=True):
+        """ Convert a gerber obround into a :py:class:`~.graphic_primitives.Line`. """
+        if self.w > self.h:
+            w, a, b = self.h, self.w-self.h, 0
+        else:
+            w, a, b = self.w, 0, self.h-self.w
+
+        return kls(
+                *rotate_point(self.x-a/2, self.y-b/2, self.rotation, self.x, self.y),
+                *rotate_point(self.x+a/2, self.y+b/2, self.rotation, self.x, self.y),
+                w, polarity_dark=self.polarity_dark)
+
     def bounding_box(self):
         r = self.width / 2
         return add_bounds(Circle(self.x1, self.y1, r).bounding_box(), Circle(self.x2, self.y2, r).bounding_box())
 
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
         color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
         width = f'{self.width:.6}' if not math.isclose(self.width, 0) else '0.01mm'
         return tag('path', d=f'M {self.x1:.6} {self.y1:.6} L {self.x2:.6} {self.y2:.6}',
@@ -304,14 +161,23 @@ class Line(GraphicPrimitive):
 
 @dataclass
 class Arc(GraphicPrimitive):
+    """ Circular arc with line width ``width`` going from ``(x1, y1)`` to ``(x2, y2)`` around center at ``(cx, cy)``. """
+    #: Start X coodinate
     x1 : float
+    #: Start Y coodinate
     y1 : float
+    #: End X coodinate
     x2 : float
+    #: End Y coodinate
     y2 : float
-    # absolute coordinates
+    #: Center X coordinate relative to ``x1``
     cx : float
+    #: Center Y coordinate relative to ``y1``
     cy : float
+    #: ``True`` if this arc is clockwise from start to end. Selects between the large arc and the small arc given this
+    #: start, end and center
     clockwise : bool
+    #: Line width of this arc.
     width : float
 
     def bounding_box(self):
@@ -333,24 +199,25 @@ class Arc(GraphicPrimitive):
         arc = arc_bounds(x1, y1, x2, y2, self.cx, self.cy, self.clockwise)
         return add_bounds(endpoints, arc) # FIXME add "include_center" switch
 
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
         color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
         arc = svg_arc((self.x1, self.y1), (self.x2, self.y2), (self.cx, self.cy), self.clockwise)
         width = f'{self.width:.6}' if not math.isclose(self.width, 0) else '0.01mm'
         return tag('path', d=f'M {self.x1:.6} {self.y1:.6} {arc}',
                 style=f'fill: none; stroke: {color}; stroke-width: {width}; stroke-linecap: round; fill: none')
 
-def svg_rotation(angle_rad, cx=0, cy=0):
-    return f'rotate({float(rad_to_deg(angle_rad)):.4} {float(cx):.6} {float(cy):.6})'
-
 @dataclass
 class Rectangle(GraphicPrimitive):
-    # coordinates are center coordinates
+    #: **Center** X coordinate
     x : float
+    #: **Center** Y coordinate
     y : float
+    #: width
     w : float
+    #: height
     h : float
-    rotation : float # radians, around center!
+    #: rotation around center in radians
+    rotation : float
 
     def bounding_box(self):
         return self.to_arc_poly().bounding_box()
@@ -367,37 +234,9 @@ class Rectangle(GraphicPrimitive):
             (x + (cw+sh), y - (ch+sw)),
             ])
 
-    @property
-    def center(self):
-        return self.x + self.w/2, self.y + self.h/2
-
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
+    def to_svg(self, fg='black', bg='white', tag=Tag):
         color = fg if self.polarity_dark else bg
         x, y = self.x - self.w/2, self.y - self.h/2
         return tag('rect', x=x, y=y, width=self.w, height=self.h,
                 transform=svg_rotation(self.rotation, self.x, self.y), style=f'fill: {color}')
 
-@dataclass
-class RegularPolygon(GraphicPrimitive):
-    x : float
-    y : float
-    r : float
-    n : int
-    rotation : float # radians!
-
-    def to_arc_poly(self):
-        ''' convert n-sided gerber polygon to normal ArcPoly defined by outline '''
-
-        delta = 2*math.pi / self.n
-
-        return ArcPoly([
-                (self.x + math.cos(self.rotation + i*delta) * self.r,
-                 self.y + math.sin(self.rotation + i*delta) * self.r)
-                for i in range(self.n) ])
-
-    def bounding_box(self):
-        return self.to_arc_poly().bounding_box()
-
-    def to_svg(self, tag, fg, bg):
-        return self.to_arc_poly().to_svg(tag, fg, bg)
-
diff --git a/gerbonara/rs274x.py b/gerbonara/rs274x.py
index 837440f..dbda955 100644
--- a/gerbonara/rs274x.py
+++ b/gerbonara/rs274x.py
@@ -24,12 +24,10 @@ import re
 import math
 import warnings
 from pathlib import Path
-from itertools import count, chain
-from io import StringIO
 import dataclasses
 
 from .cam import CamFile, FileSettings
-from .utils import sq_distance, rotate_point, MM, Inch, units, InterpMode, UnknownStatementWarning
+from .utils import MM, Inch, units, InterpMode, UnknownStatementWarning
 from .aperture_macros.parse import ApertureMacro, GenericMacros
 from . import graphic_primitives as gp
 from . import graphic_objects as go
diff --git a/gerbonara/utils.py b/gerbonara/utils.py
index 71251de..d1f9d61 100644
--- a/gerbonara/utils.py
+++ b/gerbonara/utils.py
@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@ from enum import Enum
 from math import radians, sin, cos, sqrt, atan2, pi
 
 class UnknownStatementWarning(Warning):
+    """ Gerbonara found an unknown Gerber or Excellon statement. """
     pass
 
 class RegexMatcher:
+    """ Internal parsing helper """
     def __init__(self):
         self.mapping = {}
 
@@ -51,13 +53,27 @@ class RegexMatcher:
         else:
             return False
 
+
 class LengthUnit:
+    """ Convenience length unit class. Used in :py:class:`.GraphicObject` and :py:class:`.Aperture` to store lenght
+    information. Provides a number of useful unit conversion functions.
+
+    Singleton, use only global instances ``utils.MM`` and ``utils.Inch``.
+    """
+
     def __init__(self, name, shorthand, this_in_mm):
         self.name = name
         self.shorthand = shorthand
         self.factor = this_in_mm
 
     def convert_from(self, unit, value):
+        """ Convert ``value`` from ``unit`` into this unit.
+
+        :param unit: ``MM``, ``Inch`` or one of the strings ``"mm"`` or ``"inch"``
+        :param float value: 
+        :rtype: float
+        """
+
         if isinstance(unit, str):
             unit = units[unit]
 
@@ -67,6 +83,8 @@ class LengthUnit:
         return value * unit.factor / self.factor
 
     def convert_to(self, unit, value):
+        """ :py:meth:`.LengthUnit.convert_from` but in reverse. """
+
         if isinstance(unit, str):
             unit = to_unit(unit)
 
@@ -76,9 +94,17 @@ class LengthUnit:
         return unit.convert_from(self, value)
 
     def format(self, value):
+        """ Return a human-readdable string representing value in this unit.
+
+        :param float value:
+        :returns: something like "3mm"
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+
         return f'{value:.3f}{self.shorthand}' if value is not None else ''
 
     def __call__(self, value, unit):
+        """ Convenience alias for :py:meth:`.LengthUnit.convert_from` """
         return self.convert_from(unit, value)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
@@ -105,12 +131,41 @@ MILLIMETERS_PER_INCH = 25.4
 Inch = LengthUnit('inch', 'in', MILLIMETERS_PER_INCH)
 MM = LengthUnit('millimeter', 'mm', 1)
 units = {'inch': Inch, 'mm': MM, None: None}
-to_unit = lambda name: units[name.lower() if name else None]
+
+def _raise_error(*args, **kwargs):
+    raise SystemError('LengthUnit is a singleton. Use gerbonara.utils.MM or gerbonara.utils.Inch. Please do not invent '
+                      'your own length units, the imperial system is already messed up enough.')
+LengthUnit.__init__ = _raise_error
+
+def to_unit(name):
+    """ Convert string ``name`` into a registered length unit. Returns ``None`` if the argument cannot be converted.
+
+    :param str name: ``'mm'`` or ``'inch'``
+    :returns: ``MM``, ``Inch`` or ``None``
+    :rtype: :py:class:`.LengthUnit` or ``None``
+    """
+
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+
+    if isinstance(name, LengthUnit):
+        return name
+
+    if isinstance(name, str):
+        name = name.lower()
+        if name in units:
+            return units[name]
+
+    raise ValueError(f'Invalid unit {name!r}. Should be either "mm", "inch" or None for no unit.')
 
 
 class InterpMode(Enum):
+    """ Gerber / Excellon interpolation mode. """
+    #: straight line 
     LINEAR = 0
+    #: clockwise circular arc
     CIRCULAR_CW = 1
+    #: counterclockwise circular arc
     CIRCULAR_CCW = 2
 
 
@@ -151,56 +206,53 @@ def decimal_string(value, precision=6, padding=False):
     else:
         return int(floatstr)
 
-def validate_coordinates(position):
-    if position is not None:
-        if len(position) != 2:
-            raise TypeError('Position must be a tuple (n=2) of coordinates')
-        else:
-            for coord in position:
-                if not (isinstance(coord, int) or isinstance(coord, float)):
-                    raise TypeError('Coordinates must be integers or floats')
 
-def rotate_point(point, angle, center=(0.0, 0.0)):
-    """ Rotate a point about another point.
+def rotate_point(x, y, angle, cx=0, cy=0):
+    """ Rotate point (x,y) around (cx,cy) by ``angle`` radians clockwise. """
 
-    Parameters
-    -----------
-    point : tuple(<float>, <float>)
-        Point to rotate about origin or center point
+    return (cx + (x - cx) * math.cos(-angle) - (y - cy) * math.sin(-angle),
+            cy + (x - cx) * math.sin(-angle) + (y - cy) * math.cos(-angle))
 
-    angle : float
-        Angle to rotate the point [degrees]
 
-    center : tuple(<float>, <float>)
-        Coordinates about which the point is rotated. Defaults to the origin.
+def min_none(a, b):
+    """ Like the ``min(..)`` builtin, but if either value is ``None``, returns the other. """
+    if a is None:
+        return b
+    if b is None:
+        return a
+    return min(a, b)
 
-    Returns
-    -------
-    rotated_point : tuple(<float>, <float>)
-        `point` rotated about `center` by `angle` degrees.
-    """
-    angle = radians(angle)
 
-    cos_angle = cos(angle)
-    sin_angle = sin(angle)
+def max_none(a, b):
+    """ Like the ``max(..)`` builtin, but if either value is ``None``, returns the other. """
+    if a is None:
+        return b
+    if b is None:
+        return a
+    return max(a, b)
 
-    return (
-            cos_angle * (point[0] - center[0]) - sin_angle * (point[1] - center[1]) + center[0],
-            sin_angle * (point[0] - center[0]) + cos_angle * (point[1] - center[1]) + center[1])
 
-def nearly_equal(point1, point2, ndigits = 6):
-    '''Are the points nearly equal'''
+def add_bounds(b1, b2):
+    """ Add/union two bounding boxes.
 
-    return round(point1[0] - point2[0], ndigits) == 0 and round(point1[1] - point2[1], ndigits) == 0
+    :param tuple b1: ``((min_x, min_y), (max_x, max_y))``
+    :param tuple b2: ``((min_x, min_y), (max_x, max_y))``
 
+    :returns: ``((min_x, min_y), (max_x, max_y))``
+    :rtype: tuple
+    """
 
-def sq_distance(point1, point2):
+    (min_x_1, min_y_1), (max_x_1, max_y_1) = b1
+    (min_x_2, min_y_2), (max_x_2, max_y_2) = b2
+    min_x, min_y = min_none(min_x_1, min_x_2), min_none(min_y_1, min_y_2)
+    max_x, max_y = max_none(max_x_1, max_x_2), max_none(max_y_1, max_y_2)
+    return ((min_x, min_y), (max_x, max_y))
 
-    diff1 = point1[0] - point2[0]
-    diff2 = point1[1] - point2[1]
-    return diff1 * diff1 + diff2 * diff2
 
 class Tag:
+    """ Helper class to ease creation of SVG. All API functions that create SVG allow you to substitute this with your
+    own implementation by passing a ``tag`` parameter. """
+
     def __init__(self, name, children=None, root=False, **attrs):
         self.name, self.attrs = name, attrs
         self.children = children or []
@@ -216,3 +268,133 @@ class Tag:
             return f'{prefix}<{opening}/>'
 
 
+def arc_bounds(x1, y1, x2, y2, cx, cy, clockwise):
+    """ Calculate bounding box of a circular arc given in Gerber notation (i.e. with center relative to first point).
+
+    :returns: ``((x_min, y_min), (x_max, y_max))``
+    """
+    # This is one of these problems typical for computer geometry where out of nowhere a seemingly simple task just
+    # happens to be anything but in practice.
+    #
+    # Online there are a number of algorithms to be found solving this problem. Often, they solve the more general
+    # problem for elliptic arcs. We can keep things simple here since we only have circular arcs.
+    # 
+    # This solution manages to handle circular arcs given in gerber format (with explicit center and endpoints, plus
+    # sweep direction instead of a format with e.g. angles and radius) without any trigonometric functions (e.g. atan2).
+    #
+    # cx, cy are relative to p1.
+
+    # Center arc on cx, cy
+    cx += x1
+    cy += y1
+    x1 -= cx
+    x2 -= cx
+    y1 -= cy
+    y2 -= cy
+    clockwise = bool(clockwise) # bool'ify for XOR/XNOR below
+
+    # Calculate radius
+    r = math.sqrt(x1**2 + y1**2)
+
+    # Calculate in which half-planes (north/south, west/east) P1 and P2 lie.
+    # Note that we assume the y axis points upwards, as in Gerber and maths.
+    # SVG has its y axis pointing downwards.
+    p1_west = x1 < 0
+    p1_north = y1 > 0
+    p2_west = x2 < 0
+    p2_north = y2 > 0
+
+    # Calculate bounding box of P1 and P2
+    min_x = min(x1, x2)
+    min_y = min(y1, y2)
+    max_x = max(x1, x2)
+    max_y = max(y1, y2)
+
+    #               North
+    #                 ^
+    #                 |
+    #                 |(0,0)
+    #      West <-----X-----> East
+    #                 |
+    #  +Y             |
+    #   ^             v
+    #   |           South
+    #   |
+    #   +-----> +X
+    #
+    # Check whether the arc sweeps over any coordinate axes. If it does, add the intersection point to the bounding box.
+    # Note that, since this intersection point is at radius r, it has coordinate e.g. (0, r) for the north intersection.
+    # Since we know that the points lie on either side of the coordinate axis, the '0' coordinate of the intersection
+    # point will not change the bounding box in that axis--only its 'r' coordinate matters. We also know that the
+    # absolute value of that coordinate will be greater than or equal to the old coordinate in that direction since the
+    # intersection with the axis is the point where the full circle is tangent to the AABB. Thus, we can blindly set the
+    # corresponding coordinate of the bounding box without min()/max()'ing first.
+
+    # Handle north/south halfplanes
+    if p1_west != p2_west: # arc starts in west half-plane, ends in east half-plane
+        if p1_west == clockwise: # arc is clockwise west -> east or counter-clockwise east -> west
+            max_y = r # add north to bounding box
+        else: # arc is counter-clockwise west -> east or clockwise east -> west
+            min_y = -r # south
+    else: # Arc starts and ends in same halfplane west/east
+        # Since both points are on the arc (at same radius) in one halfplane, we can use the y coord as a proxy for
+        # angle comparisons. 
+        small_arc_is_north_to_south = y1 > y2
+        small_arc_is_clockwise = small_arc_is_north_to_south == p1_west
+        if small_arc_is_clockwise != clockwise:
+            min_y, max_y = -r, r # intersect aabb with both north and south
+
+    # Handle west/east halfplanes
+    if p1_north != p2_north:
+        if p1_north == clockwise:
+            max_x = r # east
+        else:
+            min_x = -r # west
+    else:
+        small_arc_is_west_to_east = x1 < x2
+        small_arc_is_clockwise = small_arc_is_west_to_east == p1_north
+        if small_arc_is_clockwise != clockwise:
+            min_x, max_x = -r, r # intersect aabb with both north and south
+
+    return (min_x+cx, min_y+cy), (max_x+cx, max_y+cy)
+
+
+def point_line_distance(l1, l2, p):
+    """ Calculate distance between infinite line through l1 and l2, and point p. """
+    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_from_a_point_to_a_line
+    x1, y1 = l1
+    x2, y2 = l2
+    x0, y0 = p
+    length = math.dist(l1, l2)
+    if math.isclose(length, 0):
+        return math.dist(l1, p)
+    return ((x2-x1)*(y1-y0) - (x1-x0)*(y2-y1)) / length
+
+
+def svg_arc(old, new, center, clockwise):
+    """ Format an SVG circular arc "A" path data entry given an arc in Gerber notation (i.e. with center relative to
+    first point).
+
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    r = math.hypot(*center)
+    # invert sweep flag since the svg y axis is mirrored
+    sweep_flag = int(not clockwise)
+    # In the degenerate case where old == new, we always take the long way around. To represent this "full-circle arc"
+    # in SVG, we have to split it into two.
+    if math.isclose(math.dist(old, new), 0):
+        intermediate = old[0] + 2*center[0], old[1] + 2*center[1]
+        # Note that we have to preserve the sweep flag to avoid causing self-intersections by flipping the direction of
+        # a circular cutin
+        return f'A {r:.6} {r:.6} 0 1 {sweep_flag} {intermediate[0]:.6} {intermediate[1]:.6} ' +\
+               f'A {r:.6} {r:.6} 0 1 {sweep_flag} {new[0]:.6} {new[1]:.6}'
+
+    else: # normal case
+        d = point_line_distance(old, new, (old[0]+center[0], old[1]+center[1]))
+        large_arc = int((d < 0) == clockwise)
+        return f'A {r:.6} {r:.6} 0 {large_arc} {sweep_flag} {new[0]:.6} {new[1]:.6}'
+
+
+def svg_rotation(angle_rad, cx=0, cy=0):
+    return f'rotate({float(math.degrees(angle_rad)):.4} {float(cx):.6} {float(cy):.6})'
+