Graft pcb-tools upstream onto gerbonara tree

94 files changed, 27596 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/gerber/__init__.py b/gerber/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1faba53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Gerber Tools
+============
+**Gerber Tools**
+
+gerber-tools provides utilities for working with Gerber (RS-274X) and Excellon
+files in python.
+"""
+
+from .common import read, loads
+from .layers import load_layer, load_layer_data
+from .pcb import PCB
diff --git a/gerber/__main__.py b/gerber/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..988adff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+# the License.
+
+import os
+import argparse
+from .render import available_renderers
+from .render import theme
+from .pcb import PCB
+from . import load_layer
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Render gerber files to image',
+        prog='gerber-render'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        'filenames', metavar='FILENAME', type=str, nargs='+',
+        help='Gerber files to render. If a directory is provided, it should '
+             'be provided alone and should contain the gerber files for a '
+             'single PCB.'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--outfile', '-o', type=str, nargs='?', default='out',
+        help="Output Filename (extension will be added automatically)"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--backend', '-b', choices=available_renderers.keys(), default='cairo',
+        help='Choose the backend to use to generate the output.'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--theme', '-t', choices=theme.THEMES.keys(), default='default',
+        help='Select render theme.'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--width', type=int, default=1920, help='Maximum width.'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--height', type=int, default=1080, help='Maximum height.'
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--verbose', '-v', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help='Increase verbosity of the output.'
+    )
+    # parser.add_argument(
+    #     '--quick', '-q', action='store_true', default=False,
+    #     help='Skip longer running rendering steps to produce lower quality'
+    #          ' output faster. This only has an effect for the freecad backend.'
+    # )
+    # parser.add_argument(
+    #     '--nox', action='store_true', default=False,
+    #     help='Run without using any GUI elements. This may produce suboptimal'
+    #          'output. For the freecad backend, colors, transparancy, and '
+    #          'visibility cannot be set without a GUI instance.'
+    # )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    renderer = available_renderers[args.backend]()
+
+    if args.backend in ['cairo', ]:
+        outext = 'png'
+    else:
+        outext = None
+
+    if os.path.exists(args.filenames[0]) and os.path.isdir(args.filenames[0]):
+        directory = args.filenames[0]
+        pcb = PCB.from_directory(directory)
+
+        if args.backend in ['cairo', ]:
+            top = pcb.top_layers
+            bottom = pcb.bottom_layers
+            copper = pcb.copper_layers
+
+            outline = pcb.outline_layer
+            if outline:
+                top = [outline] + top
+                bottom = [outline] + bottom
+                copper = [outline] + copper + pcb.drill_layers
+
+            renderer.render_layers(
+                layers=top, theme=theme.THEMES[args.theme],
+                max_height=args.height, max_width=args.width,
+                filename='{0}.top.{1}'.format(args.outfile, outext)
+            )
+            renderer.render_layers(
+                layers=bottom, theme=theme.THEMES[args.theme],
+                max_height=args.height, max_width=args.width,
+                filename='{0}.bottom.{1}'.format(args.outfile, outext)
+            )
+            renderer.render_layers(
+                layers=copper, theme=theme.THEMES['Transparent Multilayer'],
+                max_height=args.height, max_width=args.width,
+                filename='{0}.copper.{1}'.format(args.outfile, outext))
+        else:
+            pass
+    else:
+        filenames = args.filenames
+        for filename in filenames:
+            layer = load_layer(filename)
+            settings = theme.THEMES[args.theme].get(layer.layer_class, None)
+            renderer.render_layer(layer, settings=settings)
+        renderer.dump(filename='{0}.{1}'.format(args.outfile, outext))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
+
diff --git a/gerber/am_eval.py b/gerber/am_eval.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a7e1ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/am_eval.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+# copyright 2014 Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+""" This module provides RS-274-X AM macro evaluation.
+"""
+
+
+class OpCode:
+    PUSH = 1
+    LOAD = 2
+    STORE = 3
+    ADD = 4
+    SUB = 5
+    MUL = 6
+    DIV = 7
+    PRIM = 8
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def str(opcode):
+        if opcode == OpCode.PUSH:
+            return "OPCODE_PUSH"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.LOAD:
+            return "OPCODE_LOAD"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.STORE:
+            return "OPCODE_STORE"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.ADD:
+            return "OPCODE_ADD"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.SUB:
+            return "OPCODE_SUB"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.MUL:
+            return "OPCODE_MUL"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.DIV:
+            return "OPCODE_DIV"
+        elif opcode == OpCode.PRIM:
+            return "OPCODE_PRIM"
+        else:
+            return "UNKNOWN"
+
+
+def eval_macro(instructions, parameters={}):
+
+    if not isinstance(parameters, type({})):
+        p = {}
+        for i, val in enumerate(parameters):
+            p[i + 1] = val
+
+        parameters = p
+
+    stack = []
+
+    def pop():
+        return stack.pop()
+
+    def push(op):
+        stack.append(op)
+
+    def top():
+        return stack[-1]
+
+    def empty():
+        return len(stack) == 0
+
+    for opcode, argument in instructions:
+        if opcode == OpCode.PUSH:
+            push(argument)
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.LOAD:
+            push(parameters.get(argument, 0))
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.STORE:
+            parameters[argument] = pop()
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.ADD:
+            op1 = pop()
+            op2 = pop()
+            push(op2 + op1)
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.SUB:
+            op1 = pop()
+            op2 = pop()
+            push(op2 - op2)
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.MUL:
+            op1 = pop()
+            op2 = pop()
+            push(op2 * op1)
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.DIV:
+            op1 = pop()
+            op2 = pop()
+            push(op2 / op1)
+
+        elif opcode == OpCode.PRIM:
+            yield "%d,%s" % (argument, ",".join([str(x) for x in stack]))
+            stack = []
diff --git a/gerber/am_read.py b/gerber/am_read.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4aff00b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/am_read.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+# copyright 2014 Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+""" This module provides RS-274-X AM macro modifiers parsing.
+"""
+
+from .am_eval import OpCode, eval_macro
+
+import string
+
+
+class Token:
+    ADD = "+"
+    SUB = "-"
+    # compatibility as many gerber writes do use non compliant X
+    MULT = ("x", "X")
+    DIV = "/"
+    OPERATORS = (ADD, SUB, MULT[0], MULT[1], DIV)
+    LEFT_PARENS = "("
+    RIGHT_PARENS = ")"
+    EQUALS = "="
+    EOF = "EOF"
+
+
+def token_to_opcode(token):
+    if token == Token.ADD:
+        return OpCode.ADD
+    elif token == Token.SUB:
+        return OpCode.SUB
+    elif token in Token.MULT:
+        return OpCode.MUL
+    elif token == Token.DIV:
+        return OpCode.DIV
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def precedence(token):
+    if token == Token.ADD or token == Token.SUB:
+        return 1
+    elif token in Token.MULT or token == Token.DIV:
+        return 2
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+
+def is_op(token):
+    return token in Token.OPERATORS
+
+
+class Scanner:
+
+    def __init__(self, s):
+        self.buff = s
+        self.n = 0
+
+    def eof(self):
+        return self.n == len(self.buff)
+
+    def peek(self):
+        if not self.eof():
+            return self.buff[self.n]
+
+        return Token.EOF
+
+    def ungetc(self):
+        if self.n > 0:
+            self.n -= 1
+
+    def getc(self):
+        if self.eof():
+            return ""
+
+        c = self.buff[self.n]
+        self.n += 1
+        return c
+
+    def readint(self):
+        n = ""
+        while not self.eof() and (self.peek() in string.digits):
+            n += self.getc()
+        return int(n)
+
+    def readfloat(self):
+        n = ""
+        while not self.eof() and (self.peek() in string.digits or self.peek() == "."):
+            n += self.getc()
+        # weird case where zero is ommited inthe last modifider, like in ',0.'
+        if n == ".":
+            return 0
+        return float(n)
+
+    def readstr(self, end="*"):
+        s = ""
+        while not self.eof() and self.peek() != end:
+            s += self.getc()
+        return s.strip()
+
+
+def print_instructions(instructions):
+    for opcode, argument in instructions:
+        print("%s %s" % (OpCode.str(opcode),
+                         str(argument) if argument is not None else ""))
+
+
+def read_macro(macro):
+    instructions = []
+
+    for block in macro.split("*"):
+
+        is_primitive = False
+        is_equation = False
+
+        found_equation_left_side = False
+        found_primitive_code = False
+
+        equation_left_side = 0
+        primitive_code = 0
+
+        unary_minus_allowed = False
+        unary_minus = False
+
+        if Token.EQUALS in block:
+            is_equation = True
+        else:
+            is_primitive = True
+
+        scanner = Scanner(block)
+
+        # inlined here for compactness and convenience
+        op_stack = []
+
+        def pop():
+            return op_stack.pop()
+
+        def push(op):
+            op_stack.append(op)
+
+        def top():
+            return op_stack[-1]
+
+        def empty():
+            return len(op_stack) == 0
+
+        while not scanner.eof():
+
+            c = scanner.getc()
+
+            if c == ",":
+                found_primitive_code = True
+
+                # add all instructions on the stack to finish last modifier
+                while not empty():
+                    instructions.append((token_to_opcode(pop()), None))
+
+                unary_minus_allowed = True
+
+            elif c in Token.OPERATORS:
+                if c == Token.SUB and unary_minus_allowed:
+                    unary_minus = True
+                    unary_minus_allowed = False
+                    continue
+
+                while not empty() and is_op(top()) and precedence(top()) >= precedence(c):
+                    instructions.append((token_to_opcode(pop()), None))
+
+                push(c)
+
+            elif c == Token.LEFT_PARENS:
+                push(c)
+
+            elif c == Token.RIGHT_PARENS:
+                while not empty() and top() != Token.LEFT_PARENS:
+                    instructions.append((token_to_opcode(pop()), None))
+
+                if empty():
+                    raise ValueError("unbalanced parentheses")
+
+                # discard "("
+                pop()
+
+            elif c.startswith("$"):
+                n = scanner.readint()
+
+                if is_equation and not found_equation_left_side:
+                    equation_left_side = n
+                else:
+                    instructions.append((OpCode.LOAD, n))
+
+            elif c == Token.EQUALS:
+                found_equation_left_side = True
+
+            elif c == "0":
+                if is_primitive and not found_primitive_code:
+                    instructions.append((OpCode.PUSH, scanner.readstr("*")))
+                    found_primitive_code = True
+                else:
+                    # decimal or integer disambiguation
+                    if scanner.peek() not in '.' or scanner.peek() == Token.EOF:
+                        instructions.append((OpCode.PUSH, 0))
+
+            elif c in "123456789.":
+                scanner.ungetc()
+
+                if is_primitive and not found_primitive_code:
+                    primitive_code = scanner.readint()
+                else:
+                    n = scanner.readfloat()
+                    if unary_minus:
+                        unary_minus = False
+                        n *= -1
+
+                    instructions.append((OpCode.PUSH, n))
+            else:
+                # whitespace or unknown char
+                pass
+
+        # add all instructions on the stack to finish last modifier (if any)
+        while not empty():
+            instructions.append((token_to_opcode(pop()), None))
+
+        # at end, we either have a primitive or a equation
+        if is_primitive and found_primitive_code:
+            instructions.append((OpCode.PRIM, primitive_code))
+
+        if is_equation:
+            instructions.append((OpCode.STORE, equation_left_side))
+
+    return instructions
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    import sys
+
+    instructions = read_macro(sys.argv[1])
+
+    print("insructions:")
+    print_instructions(instructions)
+
+    print("eval:")
+    for primitive in eval_macro(instructions):
+        print(primitive)
diff --git a/gerber/am_statements.py b/gerber/am_statements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31c0ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/am_statements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2015 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be> and Paulo Henrique Silva
+# <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from math import asin
+import math
+
+from .primitives import *
+from .utils import validate_coordinates, inch, metric, rotate_point
+
+
+
+# TODO: Add support for aperture macro variables
+__all__ = ['AMPrimitive', 'AMCommentPrimitive', 'AMCirclePrimitive',
+           'AMVectorLinePrimitive', 'AMOutlinePrimitive', 'AMPolygonPrimitive',
+           'AMMoirePrimitive', 'AMThermalPrimitive', 'AMCenterLinePrimitive',
+           'AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive', 'AMUnsupportPrimitive']
+
+
+class AMPrimitive(object):
+    """ Aperture Macro Primitive Base Class
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        primitive shape code
+
+    exposure : str
+        on or off Primitives with exposure on create a slid part of
+        the macro aperture, and primitives with exposure off erase the
+        solid part created previously in the aperture macro definition.
+        .. note::
+            The erasing effect is limited to the aperture definition in
+            which it occurs.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    primitive : :class: `gerber.am_statements.AMPrimitive`
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    TypeError, ValueError
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure=None):
+        VALID_CODES = (0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 22, 9999)
+        if not isinstance(code, int):
+            raise TypeError('Aperture Macro Primitive code must be an integer')
+        elif code not in VALID_CODES:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid Code. Valid codes are %s.' %
+                             ', '.join(map(str, VALID_CODES)))
+        if exposure is not None and exposure.lower() not in ('on', 'off'):
+            raise ValueError('Exposure must be either on or off')
+        self.code = code
+        self.exposure = exposure.lower() if exposure is not None else None
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('Subclass must implement `to-inch`')
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError('Subclass must implement `to-metric`')
+
+    @property
+    def _level_polarity(self):
+        if self.exposure == 'off':
+            return 'clear'
+        return 'dark'
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        """ Return a Primitive instance based on the specified macro params.
+        """
+        print('Rendering {}s is not supported yet.'.format(str(self.__class__)))
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+
+class AMCommentPrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Comment primitive. Code 0
+
+    The comment primitive has no image meaning. It is used to include human-
+    readable comments into the AM command.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.1:** Comment, primitive code 0
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Aperture Macro primitive code. 0 Indicates an AMCommentPrimitive
+
+    comment : str
+        The comment as a string.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    CommentPrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMCommentPrimitive`
+        An Initialized AMCommentPrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        primitive = primitive.strip()
+        code = int(primitive[0])
+        comment = primitive[1:]
+        return cls(code, comment)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, comment):
+        if code != 0:
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid Aperture Macro Comment statement')
+        super(AMCommentPrimitive, self).__init__(code)
+        self.comment = comment.strip(' *')
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return '0 %s *' % self.comment
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        """
+        Returns None - has not primitive representation
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Aperture Macro Comment: %s>' % self.comment
+
+
+class AMCirclePrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture macro Circle primitive. Code 1
+
+    A circle primitive is defined by its center point and diameter.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.2:** Circle, primitive code 1
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Circle Primitive code. Must be 1
+
+    exposure : string
+        'on' or 'off'
+
+    diameter : float
+        Circle diameter
+
+    position : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        Position of the circle relative to the macro origin
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    CirclePrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMCirclePrimitive`
+        An initialized AMCirclePrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(',')
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        exposure = 'on' if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else 'off'
+        diameter = float(modifiers[2])
+        position = (float(modifiers[3]), float(modifiers[4]))
+        return cls(code, exposure, diameter, position)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_primitive(cls, primitive):
+        return cls(1, 'on', primitive.diameter, primitive.position)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure, diameter, position):
+        validate_coordinates(position)
+        if code != 1:
+            raise ValueError('CirclePrimitive code is 1')
+        super(AMCirclePrimitive, self).__init__(code, exposure)
+        self.diameter = diameter
+        self.position = position
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.diameter = inch(self.diameter)
+        self.position = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.position])
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.diameter = metric(self.diameter)
+        self.position = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.position])
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(code=self.code,
+                    exposure='1' if self.exposure == 'on' else 0,
+                    diameter=self.diameter,
+                    x=self.position[0],
+                    y=self.position[1])
+        return '{code},{exposure},{diameter},{x},{y}*'.format(**data)
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        return Circle((self.position), self.diameter, units=units, level_polarity=self._level_polarity)
+
+
+class AMVectorLinePrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Vector Line primitive. Code 2 or 20.
+
+    A vector line is a rectangle defined by its line width, start, and end
+    points. The line ends are rectangular.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.3:** Vector Line, primitive code 2 or 20.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Vector Line Primitive code. Must be either 2 or 20.
+
+    exposure : string
+        'on' or 'off'
+
+    width : float
+        Line width
+
+    start : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        coordinate of line start point
+
+    end : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        coordinate of line end point
+
+    rotation : float
+        Line rotation about the origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    LinePrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMVectorLinePrimitive`
+        An initialized AMVectorLinePrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_primitive(cls, primitive):
+        return cls(2, 'on', primitive.aperture.width, primitive.start, primitive.end, 0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(',')
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        exposure = 'on' if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else 'off'
+        width = float(modifiers[2])
+        start = (float(modifiers[3]), float(modifiers[4]))
+        end = (float(modifiers[5]), float(modifiers[6]))
+        rotation = float(modifiers[7])
+        return cls(code, exposure, width, start, end, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure, width, start, end, rotation):
+        validate_coordinates(start)
+        validate_coordinates(end)
+        if code not in (2, 20):
+            raise ValueError('VectorLinePrimitive codes are 2 or 20')
+        super(AMVectorLinePrimitive, self).__init__(code, exposure)
+        self.width = width
+        self.start = start
+        self.end = end
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.width = inch(self.width)
+        self.start = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.start])
+        self.end = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.end])
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.width = metric(self.width)
+        self.start = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.start])
+        self.end = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.end])
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        fmtstr = '{code},{exp},{width},{startx},{starty},{endx},{endy},{rotation}*'
+        data = dict(code=self.code,
+                    exp=1 if self.exposure == 'on' else 0,
+                    width=self.width,
+                    startx=self.start[0],
+                    starty=self.start[1],
+                    endx=self.end[0],
+                    endy=self.end[1],
+                    rotation=self.rotation)
+        return fmtstr.format(**data)
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        """
+        Convert this to a primitive. We use the Outline to represent this (instead of Line)
+        because the behaviour of the end caps is different for aperture macros compared to Lines
+        when rotated.
+        """
+
+        # Use a line to generate our vertices easily
+        line = Line(self.start, self.end, Rectangle(None, self.width, self.width))
+        vertices = line.vertices
+
+        aperture = Circle((0, 0), 0)
+
+        lines = []
+        prev_point = rotate_point(vertices[-1], self.rotation, (0, 0))
+        for point in vertices:
+            cur_point = rotate_point(point, self.rotation, (0, 0))
+
+            lines.append(Line(prev_point, cur_point, aperture))
+
+        return Outline(lines, units=units, level_polarity=self._level_polarity)
+
+
+class AMOutlinePrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Outline primitive. Code 4.
+
+    An outline primitive is an area enclosed by an n-point polygon defined by
+    its start point and n subsequent points. The outline must be closed, i.e.
+    the last point must be equal to the start point. Self intersecting
+    outlines are not allowed.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.6:** Outline, primitive code 4.
+
+     Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        OutlinePrimitive code. Must be 6.
+
+    exposure : string
+        'on' or 'off'
+
+    start_point : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        coordinate of outline start point
+
+    points : list of tuples (<float>, <float>)
+        coordinates of subsequent points
+
+    rotation : float
+        outline rotation about the origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    OutlinePrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMOutlineinePrimitive`
+        An initialized AMOutlinePrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_primitive(cls, primitive):
+
+        start_point = (round(primitive.primitives[0].start[0], 6), round(primitive.primitives[0].start[1], 6))
+        points = []
+        for prim in primitive.primitives:
+            points.append((round(prim.end[0], 6), round(prim.end[1], 6)))
+
+        rotation = 0.0
+
+        return cls(4, 'on', start_point, points, rotation)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")
+
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        exposure = "on" if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else "off"
+        n = int(float(modifiers[2]))
+        start_point = (float(modifiers[3]), float(modifiers[4]))
+        points = []
+        for i in range(n):
+            points.append((float(modifiers[5 + i * 2]),
+                           float(modifiers[5 + i * 2 + 1])))
+        rotation = float(modifiers[-1])
+        return cls(code, exposure, start_point, points, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure, start_point, points, rotation):
+        """ Initialize AMOutlinePrimitive
+        """
+        validate_coordinates(start_point)
+        for point in points:
+            validate_coordinates(point)
+        if code != 4:
+            raise ValueError('OutlinePrimitive code is 4')
+        super(AMOutlinePrimitive, self).__init__(code, exposure)
+        self.start_point = start_point
+        if points[-1] != start_point:
+            raise ValueError('OutlinePrimitive must be closed')
+        self.points = points
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.start_point = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.start_point])
+        self.points = tuple([(inch(x), inch(y)) for x, y in self.points])
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.start_point = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.start_point])
+        self.points = tuple([(metric(x), metric(y)) for x, y in self.points])
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(
+            code=self.code,
+            exposure="1" if self.exposure == "on" else "0",
+            n_points=len(self.points),
+            start_point="%.6g,%.6g" % self.start_point,
+            points=",\n".join(["%.6g,%.6g" % point for point in self.points]),
+            rotation=str(self.rotation)
+        )
+        return "{code},{exposure},{n_points},{start_point},{points},{rotation}*".format(**data)
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        """
+        Convert this to a drawable primitive. This uses the Outline instead of Line
+        primitive to handle differences in end caps when rotated.
+        """
+
+        lines = []
+        prev_point = rotate_point(self.start_point, self.rotation)
+        for point in self.points:
+            cur_point = rotate_point(point, self.rotation)
+
+            lines.append(Line(prev_point, cur_point, Circle((0,0), 0)))
+
+            prev_point = cur_point
+
+        if lines[0].start != lines[-1].end:
+            raise ValueError('Outline must be closed')
+
+        return Outline(lines, units=units, level_polarity=self._level_polarity)
+
+
+class AMPolygonPrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Polygon primitive. Code 5.
+
+    A polygon primitive is a regular polygon defined by the number of
+    vertices, the center point, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.8:** Polygon, primitive code 5.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        PolygonPrimitive code. Must be 5.
+
+    exposure : string
+        'on' or 'off'
+
+    vertices : int, 3 <= vertices <= 12
+        Number of vertices
+
+    position : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        X and Y coordinates of polygon center
+
+    diameter : float
+        diameter of circumscribed circle.
+
+    rotation : float
+        polygon rotation about the origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    PolygonPrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMPolygonPrimitive`
+        An initialized AMPolygonPrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_primitive(cls, primitive):
+        return cls(5, 'on', primitive.sides, primitive.position, primitive.diameter, primitive.rotation)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        exposure = "on" if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else "off"
+        vertices = int(float(modifiers[2]))
+        position = (float(modifiers[3]), float(modifiers[4]))
+        try:
+            diameter = float(modifiers[5])
+        except:
+            diameter = 0
+
+        rotation = float(modifiers[6])
+        return cls(code, exposure, vertices, position, diameter, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure, vertices, position, diameter, rotation):
+        """ Initialize AMPolygonPrimitive
+        """
+        if code != 5:
+            raise ValueError('PolygonPrimitive code is 5')
+        super(AMPolygonPrimitive, self).__init__(code, exposure)
+        if vertices < 3 or vertices > 12:
+            raise ValueError('Number of vertices must be between 3 and 12')
+        self.vertices = vertices
+        validate_coordinates(position)
+        self.position = position
+        self.diameter = diameter
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.position = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.position])
+        self.diameter = inch(self.diameter)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.position = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.position])
+        self.diameter = metric(self.diameter)
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(
+            code=self.code,
+            exposure="1" if self.exposure == "on" else "0",
+            vertices=self.vertices,
+            position="%.4g,%.4g" % self.position,
+            diameter='%.4g' % self.diameter,
+            rotation=str(self.rotation)
+        )
+        fmt = "{code},{exposure},{vertices},{position},{diameter},{rotation}*"
+        return fmt.format(**data)
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        return Polygon(self.position, self.vertices, self.diameter / 2.0, 0, rotation=math.radians(self.rotation), units=units, level_polarity=self._level_polarity)
+
+
+class AMMoirePrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Moire primitive. Code 6.
+
+    The moire primitive is a cross hair centered on concentric rings (annuli).
+    Exposure is always on.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.9:** Moire, primitive code 6.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Moire Primitive code. Must be 6.
+
+    position : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        X and Y coordinates of moire center
+
+    diameter : float
+        outer diameter of outer ring.
+
+    ring_thickness : float
+        thickness of concentric rings.
+
+    gap : float
+        gap between concentric rings.
+
+    max_rings : float
+        maximum number of rings
+
+    crosshair_thickness : float
+        thickness of crosshairs
+
+    crosshair_length : float
+        length of crosshairs
+
+    rotation : float
+        moire rotation about the origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    MoirePrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMMoirePrimitive`
+        An initialized AMMoirePrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        position = (float(modifiers[1]), float(modifiers[2]))
+        diameter = float(modifiers[3])
+        ring_thickness = float(modifiers[4])
+        gap = float(modifiers[5])
+        max_rings = int(float(modifiers[6]))
+        crosshair_thickness = float(modifiers[7])
+        crosshair_length = float(modifiers[8])
+        rotation = float(modifiers[9])
+        return cls(code, position, diameter, ring_thickness, gap, max_rings, crosshair_thickness, crosshair_length, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, position, diameter, ring_thickness, gap, max_rings, crosshair_thickness, crosshair_length, rotation):
+        """ Initialize AMoirePrimitive
+        """
+        if code != 6:
+            raise ValueError('MoirePrimitive code is 6')
+        super(AMMoirePrimitive, self).__init__(code, 'on')
+        validate_coordinates(position)
+        self.position = position
+        self.diameter = diameter
+        self.ring_thickness = ring_thickness
+        self.gap = gap
+        self.max_rings = max_rings
+        self.crosshair_thickness = crosshair_thickness
+        self.crosshair_length = crosshair_length
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.position = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.position])
+        self.diameter = inch(self.diameter)
+        self.ring_thickness = inch(self.ring_thickness)
+        self.gap = inch(self.gap)
+        self.crosshair_thickness = inch(self.crosshair_thickness)
+        self.crosshair_length = inch(self.crosshair_length)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.position = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.position])
+        self.diameter = metric(self.diameter)
+        self.ring_thickness = metric(self.ring_thickness)
+        self.gap = metric(self.gap)
+        self.crosshair_thickness = metric(self.crosshair_thickness)
+        self.crosshair_length = metric(self.crosshair_length)
+
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(
+            code=self.code,
+            position="%.4g,%.4g" % self.position,
+            diameter=self.diameter,
+            ring_thickness=self.ring_thickness,
+            gap=self.gap,
+            max_rings=self.max_rings,
+            crosshair_thickness=self.crosshair_thickness,
+            crosshair_length=self.crosshair_length,
+            rotation=self.rotation
+        )
+        fmt = "{code},{position},{diameter},{ring_thickness},{gap},{max_rings},{crosshair_thickness},{crosshair_length},{rotation}*"
+        return fmt.format(**data)
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+        #raise NotImplementedError()
+        return None
+
+
+class AMThermalPrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Thermal primitive. Code 7.
+
+    The thermal primitive is a ring (annulus) interrupted by four gaps.
+    Exposure is always on.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.10:** Thermal, primitive code 7.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Thermal Primitive code. Must be 7.
+
+    position : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        X and Y coordinates of thermal center
+
+    outer_diameter : float
+        outer diameter of thermal.
+
+    inner_diameter : float
+        inner diameter of thermal.
+
+    gap : float
+        gap thickness
+
+    rotation : float
+        thermal rotation about the origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ThermalPrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMThermalPrimitive`
+        An initialized AMThermalPrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        position = (float(modifiers[1]), float(modifiers[2]))
+        outer_diameter = float(modifiers[3])
+        inner_diameter = float(modifiers[4])
+        gap = float(modifiers[5])
+        rotation = float(modifiers[6])
+        return cls(code, position, outer_diameter, inner_diameter, gap, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, position, outer_diameter, inner_diameter, gap, rotation):
+        if code != 7:
+            raise ValueError('ThermalPrimitive code is 7')
+        super(AMThermalPrimitive, self).__init__(code, 'on')
+        validate_coordinates(position)
+        self.position = position
+        self.outer_diameter = outer_diameter
+        self.inner_diameter = inner_diameter
+        self.gap = gap
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.position = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.position])
+        self.outer_diameter = inch(self.outer_diameter)
+        self.inner_diameter = inch(self.inner_diameter)
+        self.gap = inch(self.gap)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.position = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.position])
+        self.outer_diameter = metric(self.outer_diameter)
+        self.inner_diameter = metric(self.inner_diameter)
+        self.gap = metric(self.gap)
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(
+            code=self.code,
+            position="%.4g,%.4g" % self.position,
+            outer_diameter=self.outer_diameter,
+            inner_diameter=self.inner_diameter,
+            gap=self.gap,
+            rotation=self.rotation
+        )
+        fmt = "{code},{position},{outer_diameter},{inner_diameter},{gap},{rotation}*"
+        return fmt.format(**data)
+
+    def _approximate_arc_cw(self, start_angle, end_angle, radius, center):
+        """
+        Get an arc as a series of points
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        start_angle : The start angle in radians
+        end_angle : The end angle in radians
+        radius`: Radius of the arc
+        center : The center point of the arc (x, y) tuple
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        array of point tuples
+        """
+
+        # The total sweep
+        sweep_angle = end_angle - start_angle
+        num_steps = 10
+
+        angle_step = sweep_angle / num_steps
+
+        radius = radius
+        center = center
+
+        points = []
+
+        for i in range(num_steps + 1):
+            current_angle = start_angle + (angle_step * i)
+
+            nextx = (center[0] + math.cos(current_angle) * radius)
+            nexty = (center[1] + math.sin(current_angle) * radius)
+
+            points.append((nextx, nexty))
+
+        return points
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+
+        # We start with calculating the top right section, then duplicate it
+
+        inner_radius = self.inner_diameter / 2.0
+        outer_radius = self.outer_diameter / 2.0
+
+        # Calculate the start angle relative to the horizontal axis
+        inner_offset_angle = asin(self.gap / 2.0 / inner_radius)
+        outer_offset_angle = asin(self.gap / 2.0 / outer_radius)
+
+        rotation_rad = math.radians(self.rotation)
+        inner_start_angle = inner_offset_angle + rotation_rad
+        inner_end_angle =  math.pi / 2 - inner_offset_angle + rotation_rad
+
+        outer_start_angle = outer_offset_angle + rotation_rad
+        outer_end_angle = math.pi / 2 - outer_offset_angle + rotation_rad
+
+        outlines = []
+        aperture = Circle((0, 0), 0)
+
+        points = (self._approximate_arc_cw(inner_start_angle, inner_end_angle, inner_radius, self.position)
+                + list(reversed(self._approximate_arc_cw(outer_start_angle, outer_end_angle, outer_radius, self.position))))
+        # Add in the last point since outlines should be closed
+        points.append(points[0])
+
+        # There are four outlines at rotated sections
+        for rotation in [0, 90.0, 180.0, 270.0]:
+
+            lines = []
+            prev_point = rotate_point(points[0], rotation, self.position)
+            for point in points[1:]:
+                cur_point = rotate_point(point, rotation, self.position)
+
+                lines.append(Line(prev_point, cur_point, aperture))
+
+            prev_point = cur_point
+
+            outlines.append(Outline(lines, units=units, level_polarity=self._level_polarity))
+
+        return outlines
+
+
+class AMCenterLinePrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Center Line primitive. Code 21.
+
+    The center line primitive is a rectangle defined by its width, height, and center point.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.4:** Center Line, primitive code 21.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Center Line Primitive code. Must be 21.
+
+    exposure : str
+        'on' or 'off'
+
+    width : float
+        Width of rectangle
+
+    height : float
+        Height of rectangle
+
+    center : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        X and Y coordinates of line center
+
+    rotation : float
+        rectangle rotation about its center.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    CenterLinePrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMCenterLinePrimitive`
+        An initialized AMCenterLinePrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_primitive(cls, primitive):
+        width = primitive.width
+        height = primitive.height
+        center = primitive.position
+        rotation = math.degrees(primitive.rotation)
+        return cls(21, 'on', width, height, center, rotation)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        exposure = 'on' if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else 'off'
+        width = float(modifiers[2])
+        height = float(modifiers[3])
+        center = (float(modifiers[4]), float(modifiers[5]))
+        rotation = float(modifiers[6])
+        return cls(code, exposure, width, height, center, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure, width, height, center, rotation):
+        if code != 21:
+            raise ValueError('CenterLinePrimitive code is 21')
+        super(AMCenterLinePrimitive, self).__init__(code, exposure)
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        validate_coordinates(center)
+        self.center = center
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.center = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.center])
+        self.width = inch(self.width)
+        self.height = inch(self.height)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.center = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.center])
+        self.width = metric(self.width)
+        self.height = metric(self.height)
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(
+            code=self.code,
+            exposure = '1' if self.exposure == 'on' else '0',
+            width = self.width,
+            height = self.height,
+            center="%.4g,%.4g" % self.center,
+            rotation=self.rotation
+        )
+        fmt = "{code},{exposure},{width},{height},{center},{rotation}*"
+        return fmt.format(**data)
+
+    def to_primitive(self, units):
+
+        x = self.center[0]
+        y = self.center[1]
+        half_width = self.width / 2.0
+        half_height = self.height / 2.0
+
+        points = []
+        points.append((x - half_width, y + half_height))
+        points.append((x - half_width, y - half_height))
+        points.append((x + half_width, y - half_height))
+        points.append((x + half_width, y + half_height))
+
+        aperture = Circle((0, 0), 0)
+
+        lines = []
+        prev_point = rotate_point(points[3], self.rotation, self.center)
+        for point in points:
+            cur_point = rotate_point(point, self.rotation, self.center)
+
+            lines.append(Line(prev_point, cur_point, aperture))
+
+        return Outline(lines, units=units, level_polarity=self._level_polarity)
+
+
+class AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    """ Aperture Macro Lower Left Line primitive. Code 22.
+
+    The lower left line primitive is a rectangle defined by its width, height, and the lower left point.
+
+    .. seealso::
+        `The Gerber File Format Specification <http://www.ucamco.com/files/downloads/file/81/the_gerber_file_format_specification.pdf>`_
+            **Section 4.12.3.5:** Lower Left Line, primitive code 22.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    code : int
+        Center Line Primitive code. Must be 22.
+
+    exposure : str
+        'on' or 'off'
+
+    width : float
+        Width of rectangle
+
+    height : float
+        Height of rectangle
+
+    lower_left : tuple (<float>, <float>)
+        X and Y coordinates of lower left corner
+
+    rotation : float
+        rectangle rotation about its origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    LowerLeftLinePrimitive : :class:`gerber.am_statements.AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive`
+        An initialized AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    ValueError, TypeError
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        modifiers = primitive.strip(' *').split(",")
+        code = int(modifiers[0])
+        exposure = 'on' if float(modifiers[1]) == 1 else 'off'
+        width = float(modifiers[2])
+        height = float(modifiers[3])
+        lower_left = (float(modifiers[4]), float(modifiers[5]))
+        rotation = float(modifiers[6])
+        return cls(code, exposure, width, height, lower_left, rotation)
+
+    def __init__(self, code, exposure, width, height, lower_left, rotation):
+        if code != 22:
+            raise ValueError('LowerLeftLinePrimitive code is 22')
+        super (AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive, self).__init__(code, exposure)
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+        validate_coordinates(lower_left)
+        self.lower_left = lower_left
+        self.rotation = rotation
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.lower_left = tuple([inch(x) for x in self.lower_left])
+        self.width = inch(self.width)
+        self.height = inch(self.height)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.lower_left = tuple([metric(x) for x in self.lower_left])
+        self.width = metric(self.width)
+        self.height = metric(self.height)
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        data = dict(
+            code=self.code,
+            exposure = '1' if self.exposure == 'on' else '0',
+            width = self.width,
+            height = self.height,
+            lower_left="%.4g,%.4g" % self.lower_left,
+            rotation=self.rotation
+        )
+        fmt = "{code},{exposure},{width},{height},{lower_left},{rotation}*"
+        return fmt.format(**data)
+
+
+class AMUnsupportPrimitive(AMPrimitive):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, primitive):
+        return cls(primitive)
+
+    def __init__(self, primitive):
+        super(AMUnsupportPrimitive, self).__init__(9999)
+        self.primitive = primitive
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return self.primitive
diff --git a/gerber/cam.py b/gerber/cam.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f20283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/cam.py
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+CAM File
+============
+**AM file classes**
+
+This module provides common base classes for Excellon/Gerber CNC files
+"""
+
+
+class FileSettings(object):
+    """ CAM File Settings
+
+    Provides a common representation of gerber/excellon file settings
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    notation: string
+        notation format. either 'absolute' or 'incremental'
+
+    units : string
+        Measurement units. 'inch' or 'metric'
+
+    zero_suppression: string
+        'leading' to suppress leading zeros, 'trailing' to suppress trailing zeros.
+        This is the convention used in Gerber files.
+
+    format : tuple (int, int)
+        Decimal format
+
+    zeros : string
+        'leading' to include leading zeros, 'trailing to include trailing zeros.
+        This is the convention used in Excellon files
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Either `zeros` or `zero_suppression` should be specified, there is no need to
+    specify both. `zero_suppression` will take on the opposite value of `zeros`
+    and vice versa
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, notation='absolute', units='inch',
+                 zero_suppression=None, format=(2, 5), zeros=None,
+                 angle_units='degrees'):
+        if notation not in ['absolute', 'incremental']:
+            raise ValueError('Notation must be either absolute or incremental')
+        self.notation = notation
+
+        if units not in ['inch', 'metric']:
+            raise ValueError('Units must be either inch or metric')
+        self.units = units
+
+        if zero_suppression is None and zeros is None:
+            self.zero_suppression = 'trailing'
+
+        elif zero_suppression == zeros:
+            raise ValueError('Zeros and Zero Suppression must be different. \
+                             Best practice is to specify only one.')
+
+        elif zero_suppression is not None:
+            if zero_suppression not in ['leading', 'trailing']:
+                # This is a common problem in Eagle files, so just suppress it
+                self.zero_suppression = 'leading'
+            else:
+                self.zero_suppression = zero_suppression
+
+        elif zeros is not None:
+            if zeros not in ['leading', 'trailing']:
+                raise ValueError('Zeros must be either leading or trailling')
+            self.zeros = zeros
+
+        if len(format) != 2:
+            raise ValueError('Format must be a tuple(n=2) of integers')
+        self.format = format
+
+        if angle_units not in ('degrees', 'radians'):
+            raise ValueError('Angle units may be degrees or radians')
+        self.angle_units = angle_units
+
+    @property
+    def zero_suppression(self):
+        return self._zero_suppression
+
+    @zero_suppression.setter
+    def zero_suppression(self, value):
+        self._zero_suppression = value
+        self._zeros = 'leading' if value == 'trailing' else 'trailing'
+
+    @property
+    def zeros(self):
+        return self._zeros
+
+    @zeros.setter
+    def zeros(self, value):
+
+        self._zeros = value
+        self._zero_suppression = 'leading' if value == 'trailing' else 'trailing'
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        if key == 'notation':
+            return self.notation
+        elif key == 'units':
+            return self.units
+        elif key == 'zero_suppression':
+            return self.zero_suppression
+        elif key == 'zeros':
+            return self.zeros
+        elif key == 'format':
+            return self.format
+        elif key == 'angle_units':
+            return self.angle_units
+        else:
+            raise KeyError()
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if key == 'notation':
+            if value not in ['absolute', 'incremental']:
+                raise ValueError('Notation must be either \
+                                 absolute or incremental')
+            self.notation = value
+        elif key == 'units':
+            if value not in ['inch', 'metric']:
+                raise ValueError('Units must be either inch or metric')
+            self.units = value
+
+        elif key == 'zero_suppression':
+            if value not in ['leading', 'trailing']:
+                raise ValueError('Zero suppression must be either leading or \
+                                 trailling')
+            self.zero_suppression = value
+
+        elif key == 'zeros':
+            if value not in ['leading', 'trailing']:
+                raise ValueError('Zeros must be either leading or trailling')
+            self.zeros = value
+
+        elif key == 'format':
+            if len(value) != 2:
+                raise ValueError('Format must be a tuple(n=2) of integers')
+            self.format = value
+
+        elif key == 'angle_units':
+            if value not in ('degrees', 'radians'):
+                raise ValueError('Angle units may be degrees or radians')
+            self.angle_units = value
+
+        else:
+            raise KeyError('%s is not a valid key' % key)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (self.notation == other.notation and
+                self.units == other.units and
+                self.zero_suppression == other.zero_suppression and
+                self.format == other.format and
+                self.angle_units == other.angle_units)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('<Settings: %s %s %s %s %s>' %
+                (self.units, self.notation, self.zero_suppression, self.format, self.angle_units))
+
+
+class CamFile(object):
+    """ Base class for Gerber/Excellon files.
+
+    Provides a common set of settings parameters.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    settings : FileSettings
+        The current file configuration.
+
+    primitives : iterable
+        List of primitives in the file.
+
+    filename : string
+        Name of the file that this CamFile represents.
+
+    layer_name : string
+        Name of the PCB layer that the file represents
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    settings : FileSettings
+        File settings as a FileSettings object
+
+    notation : string
+        File notation setting. May be either 'absolute' or 'incremental'
+
+    units : string
+        File units setting. May be 'inch' or 'metric'
+
+    zero_suppression : string
+        File zero-suppression setting. May be either 'leading' or 'trailling'
+
+    format : tuple (<int>, <int>)
+        File decimal representation format as a tuple of (integer digits,
+        decimal digits)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, statements=None, settings=None, primitives=None,
+                 filename=None, layer_name=None):
+        if settings is not None:
+            self.notation = settings['notation']
+            self.units = settings['units']
+            self.zero_suppression = settings['zero_suppression']
+            self.zeros = settings['zeros']
+            self.format = settings['format']
+        else:
+            self.notation = 'absolute'
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            self.zero_suppression = 'trailing'
+            self.zeros = 'leading'
+            self.format = (2, 5)
+        self.statements = statements if statements is not None else []
+        if primitives is not None:
+            self.primitives = primitives
+        self.filename = filename
+        self.layer_name = layer_name
+
+    @property
+    def settings(self):
+        """ File settings
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        settings : FileSettings (dict-like)
+            A FileSettings object with the specified configuration.
+        """
+        return FileSettings(self.notation, self.units, self.zero_suppression,
+                            self.format)
+
+    @property
+    def bounds(self):
+        """ File boundaries
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def bounding_box(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        pass
+
+    def render(self, ctx=None, invert=False, filename=None):
+        """ Generate image of layer.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ctx : :class:`GerberContext`
+            GerberContext subclass used for rendering the image
+
+        filename : string <optional>
+            If provided, save the rendered image to `filename`
+        """
+        if ctx is None:
+            from .render import GerberCairoContext
+            ctx = GerberCairoContext()
+        ctx.set_bounds(self.bounding_box)
+        ctx.paint_background()
+        ctx.invert = invert
+        ctx.new_render_layer()
+        for p in self.primitives:
+            ctx.render(p)
+        ctx.flatten()
+
+        if filename is not None:
+            ctx.dump(filename)
diff --git a/gerber/common.py b/gerber/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f496809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from . import rs274x
+from . import excellon
+from . import ipc356
+from .exceptions import ParseError
+from .utils import detect_file_format
+
+
+def read(filename):
+    """ Read a gerber or excellon file and return a representative object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filename : string
+        Filename of the file to read.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : CncFile subclass
+        CncFile object representing the file, either GerberFile, ExcellonFile,
+        or IPCNetlist. Returns None if file is not of the proper type.
+    """
+    with open(filename, 'rU') as f:
+        data = f.read()
+    return loads(data, filename)
+
+
+def loads(data, filename=None):
+    """ Read gerber or excellon file contents from a string and return a
+    representative object.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        Source file contents as a string.
+
+    filename : string, optional
+        String containing the filename of the data source.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : CncFile subclass
+        CncFile object representing the data, either GerberFile, ExcellonFile,
+        or IPCNetlist. Returns None if data is not of the proper type.
+    """
+
+    fmt = detect_file_format(data)
+    if fmt == 'rs274x':
+        return rs274x.loads(data, filename=filename)
+    elif fmt == 'excellon':
+        return excellon.loads(data, filename=filename)
+    elif fmt == 'ipc_d_356':
+        return ipc356.loads(data, filename=filename)
+    else:
+        raise ParseError('Unable to detect file format')
diff --git a/gerber/excellon.py b/gerber/excellon.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5ab062a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/excellon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,904 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Excellon File module
+====================
+**Excellon file classes**
+
+This module provides Excellon file classes and parsing utilities
+"""
+
+import math
+import operator
+
+from .cam import CamFile, FileSettings
+from .excellon_statements import *
+from .excellon_tool import ExcellonToolDefinitionParser
+from .primitives import Drill, Slot
+from .utils import inch, metric
+
+
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except(ImportError):
+    from io import StringIO
+
+
+
+def read(filename):
+    """ Read data from filename and return an ExcellonFile
+    Parameters
+        ----------
+    filename : string
+        Filename of file to parse
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : :class:`gerber.excellon.ExcellonFile`
+        An ExcellonFile created from the specified file.
+
+    """
+    # File object should use settings from source file by default.
+    with open(filename, 'rU') as f:
+        data = f.read()
+    settings = FileSettings(**detect_excellon_format(data))
+    return ExcellonParser(settings).parse(filename)
+
+def loads(data, filename=None, settings=None, tools=None):
+    """ Read data from string and return an ExcellonFile
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing Excellon file contents
+
+    filename : string, optional
+        string containing the filename of the data source
+
+    tools: dict (optional)
+        externally defined tools
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : :class:`gerber.excellon.ExcellonFile`
+        An ExcellonFile created from the specified file.
+
+    """
+    # File object should use settings from source file by default.
+    if not settings:
+        settings = FileSettings(**detect_excellon_format(data))
+    return ExcellonParser(settings, tools).parse_raw(data, filename)
+
+
+class DrillHit(object):
+    """Drill feature that is a single drill hole.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    tool : ExcellonTool
+        Tool to drill the hole. Defines the size of the hole that is generated.
+    position : tuple(float, float)
+        Center position of the drill.
+
+    """
+    def __init__(self, tool, position):
+        self.tool = tool
+        self.position = position
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.tool.settings.units == 'metric':
+            self.tool.to_inch()
+            self.position = tuple(map(inch, self.position))
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.tool.settings.units == 'inch':
+            self.tool.to_metric()
+            self.position = tuple(map(metric, self.position))
+
+    @property
+    def bounding_box(self):
+        position = self.position
+        radius = self.tool.diameter / 2.
+
+        min_x = position[0] - radius
+        max_x = position[0] + radius
+        min_y = position[1] - radius
+        max_y = position[1] + radius
+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        self.position = tuple(map(operator.add, self.position, (x_offset, y_offset)))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Hit (%f, %f) {%s}' % (self.position[0], self.position[1], self.tool)
+
+class DrillSlot(object):
+    """
+    A slot is created between two points. The way the slot is created depends on the statement used to create it
+    """
+
+    TYPE_ROUT = 1
+    TYPE_G85 = 2
+
+    def __init__(self, tool, start, end, slot_type):
+        self.tool = tool
+        self.start = start
+        self.end = end
+        self.slot_type = slot_type
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.tool.settings.units == 'metric':
+            self.tool.to_inch()
+            self.start = tuple(map(inch, self.start))
+            self.end = tuple(map(inch, self.end))
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.tool.settings.units == 'inch':
+            self.tool.to_metric()
+            self.start = tuple(map(metric, self.start))
+            self.end = tuple(map(metric, self.end))
+
+    @property
+    def bounding_box(self):
+        start = self.start
+        end = self.end
+        radius = self.tool.diameter / 2.
+        min_x = min(start[0], end[0]) - radius
+        max_x = max(start[0], end[0]) + radius
+        min_y = min(start[1], end[1]) - radius
+        max_y = max(start[1], end[1]) + radius
+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        self.start = tuple(map(operator.add, self.start, (x_offset, y_offset)))
+        self.end = tuple(map(operator.add, self.end, (x_offset, y_offset)))
+
+
+class ExcellonFile(CamFile):
+    """ A class representing a single excellon file
+
+    The ExcellonFile class represents a single excellon file.
+
+    http://www.excellon.com/manuals/program.htm
+    (archived version at https://web.archive.org/web/20150920001043/http://www.excellon.com/manuals/program.htm)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    tools : list
+        list of gerber file statements
+
+    hits : list of tuples
+        list of drill hits as (<Tool>, (x, y))
+
+    settings : dict
+        Dictionary of gerber file settings
+
+    filename : string
+        Filename of the source gerber file
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    units : string
+        either 'inch' or 'metric'.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, statements, tools, hits, settings, filename=None):
+        super(ExcellonFile, self).__init__(statements=statements,
+                                           settings=settings,
+                                           filename=filename)
+        self.tools = tools
+        self.hits = hits
+
+    @property
+    def primitives(self):
+        """
+        Gets the primitives. Note that unlike Gerber, this generates new objects
+        """
+        primitives = []
+        for hit in self.hits:
+            if isinstance(hit, DrillHit):
+                primitives.append(Drill(hit.position, hit.tool.diameter,
+                                        units=self.settings.units))
+            elif isinstance(hit, DrillSlot):
+                primitives.append(Slot(hit.start, hit.end, hit.tool.diameter,
+                                       units=self.settings.units))
+            else:
+                raise ValueError('Unknown hit type')
+        return primitives
+
+    @property
+    def bounding_box(self):
+        xmin = ymin = 100000000000
+        xmax = ymax = -100000000000
+        for hit in self.hits:
+            bbox = hit.bounding_box
+            xmin = min(bbox[0][0], xmin)
+            xmax = max(bbox[0][1], xmax)
+            ymin = min(bbox[1][0], ymin)
+            ymax = max(bbox[1][1], ymax)
+        return ((xmin, xmax), (ymin, ymax))
+
+    def report(self, filename=None):
+        """ Print or save drill report
+        """
+        if self.settings.units == 'inch':
+            toolfmt = '  T{:0>2d}      {:%d.%df}     {: >3d}     {:f}in.\n' % self.settings.format
+        else:
+            toolfmt = '  T{:0>2d}      {:%d.%df}     {: >3d}     {:f}mm\n' % self.settings.format
+        rprt = '=====================\nExcellon Drill Report\n=====================\n'
+        if self.filename is not None:
+            rprt += 'NC Drill File: %s\n\n' % self.filename
+        rprt += 'Drill File Info:\n----------------\n'
+        rprt += ('  Data Mode         %s\n' % 'Absolute'
+                 if self.settings.notation == 'absolute' else 'Incremental')
+        rprt += ('  Units             %s\n' % 'Inches'
+                 if self.settings.units == 'inch' else 'Millimeters')
+        rprt += '\nTool List:\n----------\n\n'
+        rprt += '  Code      Size     Hits    Path Length\n'
+        rprt += '  --------------------------------------\n'
+        for tool in iter(self.tools.values()):
+            rprt += toolfmt.format(tool.number, tool.diameter,
+                                   tool.hit_count, self.path_length(tool.number))
+        if filename is not None:
+            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+                f.write(rprt)
+        return rprt
+
+    def write(self, filename=None):
+        filename = filename if filename is not None else self.filename
+        with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+
+            # Copy the header verbatim
+            for statement in self.statements:
+                if not isinstance(statement, ToolSelectionStmt):
+                    f.write(statement.to_excellon(self.settings) + '\n')
+                else:
+                    break
+
+            # Write out coordinates for drill hits by tool
+            for tool in iter(self.tools.values()):
+                f.write(ToolSelectionStmt(tool.number).to_excellon(self.settings) + '\n')
+                for hit in self.hits:
+                    if hit.tool.number == tool.number:
+                        f.write(CoordinateStmt(
+                            *hit.position).to_excellon(self.settings) + '\n')
+            f.write(EndOfProgramStmt().to_excellon() + '\n')
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        """
+        Convert units to inches
+        """
+        if self.units != 'inch':
+            for statement in self.statements:
+                statement.to_inch()
+            for tool in iter(self.tools.values()):
+                tool.to_inch()
+            #for primitive in self.primitives:
+            #    primitive.to_inch()
+            #for hit in self.hits:
+            #    hit.to_inch()
+            self.units = 'inch'
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        """  Convert units to metric
+        """
+        if self.units != 'metric':
+            for statement in self.statements:
+                statement.to_metric()
+            for tool in iter(self.tools.values()):
+                tool.to_metric()
+            #for primitive in self.primitives:
+            #    print("Converting to metric: {}".format(primitive))
+            #    primitive.to_metric()
+            #    print(primitive)
+            for hit in self.hits:
+                hit.to_metric()
+            self.units = 'metric'
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        for statement in self.statements:
+            statement.offset(x_offset, y_offset)
+        for primitive in self.primitives:
+            primitive.offset(x_offset, y_offset)
+        for hit in self. hits:
+            hit.offset(x_offset, y_offset)
+
+    def path_length(self, tool_number=None):
+        """ Return the path length for a given tool
+        """
+        lengths = {}
+        positions = {}
+        for hit in self.hits:
+            tool = hit.tool
+            num = tool.number
+            positions[num] = ((0, 0) if positions.get(num) is None
+                              else positions[num])
+            lengths[num] = 0.0 if lengths.get(num) is None else lengths[num]
+            lengths[num] = lengths[
+                num] + math.hypot(*tuple(map(operator.sub, positions[num], hit.position)))
+            positions[num] = hit.position
+
+        if tool_number is None:
+            return lengths
+        else:
+            return lengths.get(tool_number)
+
+    def hit_count(self, tool_number=None):
+        counts = {}
+        for tool in iter(self.tools.values()):
+            counts[tool.number] = tool.hit_count
+        if tool_number is None:
+            return counts
+        else:
+            return counts.get(tool_number)
+
+    def update_tool(self, tool_number, **kwargs):
+        """ Change parameters of a tool
+        """
+        if kwargs.get('feed_rate') is not None:
+            self.tools[tool_number].feed_rate = kwargs.get('feed_rate')
+        if kwargs.get('retract_rate') is not None:
+            self.tools[tool_number].retract_rate = kwargs.get('retract_rate')
+        if kwargs.get('rpm') is not None:
+            self.tools[tool_number].rpm = kwargs.get('rpm')
+        if kwargs.get('diameter') is not None:
+            self.tools[tool_number].diameter = kwargs.get('diameter')
+        if kwargs.get('max_hit_count') is not None:
+            self.tools[tool_number].max_hit_count = kwargs.get('max_hit_count')
+        if kwargs.get('depth_offset') is not None:
+            self.tools[tool_number].depth_offset = kwargs.get('depth_offset')
+        # Update drill hits
+        newtool = self.tools[tool_number]
+        for hit in self.hits:
+            if hit.tool.number == newtool.number:
+                hit.tool = newtool
+
+
+class ExcellonParser(object):
+    """ Excellon File Parser
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    settings : FileSettings or dict-like
+        Excellon file settings to use when interpreting the excellon file.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, settings=None, ext_tools=None):
+        self.notation = 'absolute'
+        self.units = 'inch'
+        self.zeros = 'leading'
+        self.format = (2, 4)
+        self.state = 'INIT'
+        self.statements = []
+        self.tools = {}
+        self.ext_tools = ext_tools or {}
+        self.comment_tools = {}
+        self.hits = []
+        self.active_tool = None
+        self.pos = [0., 0.]
+        self.drill_down = False
+        self._previous_line = ''
+        # Default for plated is None, which means we don't know
+        self.plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_UNKNOWN
+        if settings is not None:
+            self.units = settings.units
+            self.zeros = settings.zeros
+            self.notation = settings.notation
+            self.format = settings.format
+
+    @property
+    def coordinates(self):
+        return [(stmt.x, stmt.y) for stmt in self.statements if isinstance(stmt, CoordinateStmt)]
+
+    @property
+    def bounds(self):
+        xmin = ymin = 100000000000
+        xmax = ymax = -100000000000
+        for x, y in self.coordinates:
+            if x is not None:
+                xmin = x if x < xmin else xmin
+                xmax = x if x > xmax else xmax
+            if y is not None:
+                ymin = y if y < ymin else ymin
+                ymax = y if y > ymax else ymax
+        return ((xmin, xmax), (ymin, ymax))
+
+    @property
+    def hole_sizes(self):
+        return [stmt.diameter for stmt in self.statements if isinstance(stmt, ExcellonTool)]
+
+    @property
+    def hole_count(self):
+        return len(self.hits)
+
+    def parse(self, filename):
+        with open(filename, 'rU') as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        return self.parse_raw(data, filename)
+
+    def parse_raw(self, data, filename=None):
+        for line in StringIO(data):
+            self._parse_line(line.strip())
+        for stmt in self.statements:
+            stmt.units = self.units
+        return ExcellonFile(self.statements, self.tools, self.hits,
+                            self._settings(), filename)
+
+    def _parse_line(self, line):
+        # skip empty lines
+        # Prepend previous line's data...
+        line = '{}{}'.format(self._previous_line, line)
+        self._previous_line = ''
+
+        # Skip empty lines
+        if not line.strip():
+            return
+
+        if line[0] == ';':
+            comment_stmt = CommentStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.statements.append(comment_stmt)
+
+            # get format from altium comment
+            if "FILE_FORMAT" in comment_stmt.comment:
+                detected_format = tuple(
+                    [int(x) for x in comment_stmt.comment.split('=')[1].split(":")])
+                if detected_format:
+                    self.format = detected_format
+
+            if "TYPE=PLATED" in comment_stmt.comment:
+                self.plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_YES
+
+            if "TYPE=NON_PLATED" in comment_stmt.comment:
+                self.plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_NO
+
+            if "HEADER:" in comment_stmt.comment:
+                self.state = "HEADER"
+
+            if " Holesize " in comment_stmt.comment:
+                self.state = "HEADER"
+
+                # Parse this as a hole definition
+                tools = ExcellonToolDefinitionParser(self._settings()).parse_raw(comment_stmt.comment)
+                if len(tools) == 1:
+                    tool = tools[tools.keys()[0]]
+                    self._add_comment_tool(tool)
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M48':
+            self.statements.append(HeaderBeginStmt())
+            self.state = 'HEADER'
+
+        elif line[0] == '%':
+            self.statements.append(RewindStopStmt())
+            if self.state == 'HEADER':
+                self.state = 'DRILL'
+            elif self.state == 'INIT':
+                self.state = 'HEADER'
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M00' and self.state == 'DRILL':
+            if self.active_tool:
+                cur_tool_number = self.active_tool.number
+                next_tool = self._get_tool(cur_tool_number + 1)
+
+                self.statements.append(NextToolSelectionStmt(self.active_tool, next_tool))
+                self.active_tool = next_tool
+            else:
+                raise Exception('Invalid state exception')
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M95':
+            self.statements.append(HeaderEndStmt())
+            if self.state == 'HEADER':
+                self.state = 'DRILL'
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M15':
+            self.statements.append(ZAxisRoutPositionStmt())
+            self.drill_down = True
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M16':
+            self.statements.append(RetractWithClampingStmt())
+            self.drill_down = False
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M17':
+            self.statements.append(RetractWithoutClampingStmt())
+            self.drill_down = False
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M30':
+            stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon(line, self._settings())
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G00':
+            # Coordinates may be on the next line
+            if line.strip() == 'G00':
+                self._previous_line = line
+                return
+
+            self.statements.append(RouteModeStmt())
+            self.state = 'ROUT'
+
+            stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line[3:], self._settings())
+            stmt.mode = self.state
+
+            x = stmt.x
+            y = stmt.y
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+            if self.notation == 'absolute':
+                if x is not None:
+                    self.pos[0] = x
+                if y is not None:
+                    self.pos[1] = y
+            else:
+                if x is not None:
+                    self.pos[0] += x
+                if y is not None:
+                    self.pos[1] += y
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G01':
+
+            # Coordinates might be on the next line...
+            if line.strip() == 'G01':
+                self._previous_line = line
+                return
+
+            self.statements.append(RouteModeStmt())
+            self.state = 'LINEAR'
+
+            stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line[3:], self._settings())
+            stmt.mode = self.state
+
+            # The start position is where we were before the rout command
+            start = (self.pos[0], self.pos[1])
+
+            x = stmt.x
+            y = stmt.y
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+            if self.notation == 'absolute':
+                if x is not None:
+                    self.pos[0] = x
+                if y is not None:
+                    self.pos[1] = y
+            else:
+                if x is not None:
+                    self.pos[0] += x
+                if y is not None:
+                    self.pos[1] += y
+
+            # Our ending position
+            end = (self.pos[0], self.pos[1])
+
+            if self.drill_down:
+                if not self.active_tool:
+                    self.active_tool = self._get_tool(1)
+
+                self.hits.append(DrillSlot(self.active_tool, start, end, DrillSlot.TYPE_ROUT))
+                self.active_tool._hit()
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G05':
+            self.statements.append(DrillModeStmt())
+            self.drill_down = False
+            self.state = 'DRILL'
+
+        elif 'INCH' in line or 'METRIC' in line:
+            stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.units = stmt.units
+            self.zeros = stmt.zeros
+            if stmt.format:
+                self.format = stmt.format
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'M71' or line[:3] == 'M72':
+            stmt = MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.units = stmt.units
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'ICI':
+            stmt = IncrementalModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.notation = 'incremental' if stmt.mode == 'on' else 'absolute'
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'VER':
+            stmt = VersionStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+        elif line[:4] == 'FMAT':
+            stmt = FormatStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+            self.format = stmt.format_tuple
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G40':
+            self.statements.append(CutterCompensationOffStmt())
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G41':
+            self.statements.append(CutterCompensationLeftStmt())
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G42':
+            self.statements.append(CutterCompensationRightStmt())
+
+        elif line[:3] == 'G90':
+            self.statements.append(AbsoluteModeStmt())
+            self.notation = 'absolute'
+
+        elif line[0] == 'F':
+            infeed_rate_stmt = ZAxisInfeedRateStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.statements.append(infeed_rate_stmt)
+
+        elif line[0] == 'T' and self.state == 'HEADER':
+            if not ',OFF' in line and not ',ON' in line:
+                tool = ExcellonTool.from_excellon(line, self._settings(), None, self.plated)
+                self._merge_properties(tool)
+                self.tools[tool.number] = tool
+                self.statements.append(tool)
+            else:
+                self.statements.append(UnknownStmt.from_excellon(line))
+
+        elif line[0] == 'T' and self.state != 'HEADER':
+            stmt = ToolSelectionStmt.from_excellon(line)
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+            # T0 is used as END marker, just ignore
+            if stmt.tool != 0:
+                tool = self._get_tool(stmt.tool)
+
+                if not tool:
+                    # FIXME: for weird files with no tools defined, original calc from gerb
+                    if self._settings().units == "inch":
+                        diameter = (16 + 8 * stmt.tool) / 1000.0
+                    else:
+                        diameter = metric((16 + 8 * stmt.tool) / 1000.0)
+
+                    tool = ExcellonTool(
+                        self._settings(), number=stmt.tool, diameter=diameter)
+                    self.tools[tool.number] = tool
+
+                    # FIXME: need to add this tool definition inside header to
+                    # make sure it is properly written
+                    for i, s in enumerate(self.statements):
+                        if isinstance(s, ToolSelectionStmt) or isinstance(s, ExcellonTool):
+                            self.statements.insert(i, tool)
+                            break
+
+                self.active_tool = tool
+
+        elif line[0] == 'R' and self.state != 'HEADER':
+            stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon(line, self._settings())
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+            for i in range(stmt.count):
+                self.pos[0] += stmt.xdelta if stmt.xdelta is not None else 0
+                self.pos[1] += stmt.ydelta if stmt.ydelta is not None else 0
+                self.hits.append(DrillHit(self.active_tool, tuple(self.pos)))
+                self.active_tool._hit()
+
+        elif line[0] in ['X', 'Y']:
+            if 'G85' in line:
+                stmt = SlotStmt.from_excellon(line, self._settings())
+
+                # I don't know if this is actually correct, but it makes sense
+                # that this is where the tool would end
+                x = stmt.x_end
+                y = stmt.y_end
+
+                self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+                if self.notation == 'absolute':
+                    if x is not None:
+                        self.pos[0] = x
+                    if y is not None:
+                        self.pos[1] = y
+                else:
+                    if x is not None:
+                        self.pos[0] += x
+                    if y is not None:
+                        self.pos[1] += y
+
+                if self.state == 'DRILL' or self.state == 'HEADER':
+                    if not self.active_tool:
+                        self.active_tool = self._get_tool(1)
+
+                    self.hits.append(DrillSlot(self.active_tool, (stmt.x_start, stmt.y_start), (stmt.x_end, stmt.y_end), DrillSlot.TYPE_G85))
+                    self.active_tool._hit()
+            else:
+                stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line, self._settings())
+
+                # We need this in case we are in rout mode
+                start = (self.pos[0], self.pos[1])
+
+                x = stmt.x
+                y = stmt.y
+                self.statements.append(stmt)
+                if self.notation == 'absolute':
+                    if x is not None:
+                        self.pos[0] = x
+                    if y is not None:
+                        self.pos[1] = y
+                else:
+                    if x is not None:
+                        self.pos[0] += x
+                    if y is not None:
+                        self.pos[1] += y
+
+                if self.state == 'LINEAR' and self.drill_down:
+                    if not self.active_tool:
+                        self.active_tool = self._get_tool(1)
+
+                    self.hits.append(DrillSlot(self.active_tool, start, tuple(self.pos), DrillSlot.TYPE_ROUT))
+
+                elif self.state == 'DRILL' or self.state == 'HEADER':
+                    # Yes, drills in the header doesn't follow the specification, but it there are many
+                    # files like this
+                    if not self.active_tool:
+                        self.active_tool = self._get_tool(1)
+
+                    self.hits.append(DrillHit(self.active_tool, tuple(self.pos)))
+                    self.active_tool._hit()
+
+        else:
+            self.statements.append(UnknownStmt.from_excellon(line))
+
+    def _settings(self):
+        return FileSettings(units=self.units, format=self.format,
+                            zeros=self.zeros, notation=self.notation)
+
+    def _add_comment_tool(self, tool):
+        """
+        Add a tool that was defined in the comments to this file.
+
+        If we have already found this tool, then we will merge this comment tool definition into
+        the information for the tool
+        """
+
+        existing = self.tools.get(tool.number)
+        if existing and existing.plated == None:
+            existing.plated = tool.plated
+
+        self.comment_tools[tool.number] = tool
+
+    def _merge_properties(self, tool):
+        """
+        When we have externally defined tools, merge the properties of that tool into this one
+
+        For now, this is only plated
+        """
+
+        if tool.plated == ExcellonTool.PLATED_UNKNOWN:
+            ext_tool = self.ext_tools.get(tool.number)
+
+            if ext_tool:
+                tool.plated = ext_tool.plated
+
+    def _get_tool(self, toolid):
+
+        tool = self.tools.get(toolid)
+        if not tool:
+            tool = self.comment_tools.get(toolid)
+            if tool:
+                tool.settings = self._settings()
+                self.tools[toolid] = tool
+
+        if not tool:
+            tool = self.ext_tools.get(toolid)
+            if tool:
+                tool.settings = self._settings()
+                self.tools[toolid] = tool
+
+        return tool
+
+def detect_excellon_format(data=None, filename=None):
+    """ Detect excellon file decimal format and zero-suppression settings.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        String containing contents of Excellon file.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    settings : dict
+        Detected excellon file settings. Keys are
+            - `format`: decimal format as tuple (<int part>, <decimal part>)
+            - `zero_suppression`: zero suppression, 'leading' or 'trailing'
+    """
+    results = {}
+    detected_zeros = None
+    detected_format = None
+    zeros_options = ('leading', 'trailing', )
+    format_options = ((2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 3),)
+
+    if data is None and filename is None:
+        raise ValueError('Either data or filename arguments must be provided')
+    if data is None:
+        with open(filename, 'rU') as f:
+            data = f.read()
+
+    # Check for obvious clues:
+    p = ExcellonParser()
+    p.parse_raw(data)
+
+    # Get zero_suppression from a unit statement
+    zero_statements = [stmt.zeros for stmt in p.statements
+                       if isinstance(stmt, UnitStmt)]
+
+    # get format from altium comment
+    format_comment = [stmt.comment for stmt in p.statements
+                      if isinstance(stmt, CommentStmt)
+                      and 'FILE_FORMAT' in stmt.comment]
+
+    detected_format = (tuple([int(val) for val in
+                              format_comment[0].split('=')[1].split(':')])
+                       if len(format_comment) == 1 else None)
+    detected_zeros = zero_statements[0] if len(zero_statements) == 1 else None
+
+    # Bail out here if possible
+    if detected_format is not None and detected_zeros is not None:
+        return {'format': detected_format, 'zeros': detected_zeros}
+
+    # Only look at remaining options
+    if detected_format is not None:
+        format_options = (detected_format,)
+    if detected_zeros is not None:
+        zeros_options = (detected_zeros,)
+
+    # Brute force all remaining options, and pick the best looking one...
+    for zeros in zeros_options:
+        for fmt in format_options:
+            key = (fmt, zeros)
+            settings = FileSettings(zeros=zeros, format=fmt)
+            try:
+                p = ExcellonParser(settings)
+                ef = p.parse_raw(data)
+                size = tuple([t[0] - t[1] for t in ef.bounding_box])
+                hole_area = 0.0
+                for hit in p.hits:
+                    tool = hit.tool
+                    hole_area += math.pow(math.pi * tool.diameter / 2., 2)
+                results[key] = (size, p.hole_count, hole_area)
+            except:
+                pass
+
+    # See if any of the dimensions are left with only a single option
+    formats = set(key[0] for key in iter(results.keys()))
+    zeros = set(key[1] for key in iter(results.keys()))
+    if len(formats) == 1:
+        detected_format = formats.pop()
+    if len(zeros) == 1:
+        detected_zeros = zeros.pop()
+
+    # Bail out here if we got everything....
+    if detected_format is not None and detected_zeros is not None:
+        return {'format': detected_format, 'zeros': detected_zeros}
+
+    # Otherwise score each option and pick the best candidate
+    else:
+        scores = {}
+        for key in results.keys():
+            size, count, diameter = results[key]
+            scores[key] = _layer_size_score(size, count, diameter)
+        minscore = min(scores.values())
+        for key in iter(scores.keys()):
+            if scores[key] == minscore:
+                return {'format': key[0], 'zeros': key[1]}
+
+
+def _layer_size_score(size, hole_count, hole_area):
+    """ Heuristic used for determining the correct file number interpretation.
+    Lower is better.
+    """
+    board_area = size[0] * size[1]
+    if board_area == 0:
+        return 0
+
+    hole_percentage = hole_area / board_area
+    hole_score = (hole_percentage - 0.25) ** 2
+    size_score = (board_area - 8) ** 2
+    return hole_score * size_score
diff --git a/gerber/excellon_report/excellon_drr.py b/gerber/excellon_report/excellon_drr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab9e857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/excellon_report/excellon_drr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2015 Garret Fick <garret@ficksworkshop.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Excellon DRR File module
+====================
+**Excellon file classes**
+
+Extra parsers for allegro misc files that can be useful when the Excellon file doesn't contain parameter information
+"""
+
diff --git a/gerber/excellon_settings.py b/gerber/excellon_settings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dbe0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/excellon_settings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from argparse import PARSER
+
+# Copyright 2015 Garret Fick <garret@ficksworkshop.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Excellon Settings Definition File module
+====================
+**Excellon file classes**
+
+This module provides Excellon file classes and parsing utilities
+"""
+
+import re
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except(ImportError):
+    from io import StringIO
+    
+from .cam import FileSettings
+    
+def loads(data):
+    """ Read settings file information and return an FileSettings
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing Excellon settings file contents
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file settings: FileSettings
+
+    """
+    
+    return ExcellonSettingsParser().parse_raw(data)
+
+def map_coordinates(value):
+    if value == 'ABSOLUTE':
+        return 'absolute'
+    return 'relative'
+
+def map_units(value):
+    if value == 'ENGLISH':
+        return 'inch'
+    return 'metric'
+
+def map_boolean(value):
+    return value == 'YES'
+
+SETTINGS_KEYS = {
+              'INTEGER-PLACES': (int, 'format-int'),
+              'DECIMAL-PLACES': (int, 'format-dec'),
+              'COORDINATES': (map_coordinates, 'notation'),
+              'OUTPUT-UNITS': (map_units, 'units'),
+              }
+
+class ExcellonSettingsParser(object):
+    """Excellon Settings PARSER
+    
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    None
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.values = {}
+        self.settings = None
+    
+    def parse_raw(self, data):
+        for line in StringIO(data):
+            self._parse(line.strip())
+            
+        # Create the FileSettings object
+        self.settings = FileSettings(
+                                     notation=self.values['notation'],
+                                     units=self.values['units'],
+                                     format=(self.values['format-int'], self.values['format-dec'])
+                                     )
+        
+        return self.settings
+            
+    def _parse(self, line):
+        
+        line_items = line.split()
+        if len(line_items) == 2:
+            
+            item_type_info = SETTINGS_KEYS.get(line_items[0])
+            if item_type_info:
+                # Convert the value to the expected type
+                item_value = item_type_info[0](line_items[1])
+                
+                self.values[item_type_info[1]] = item_value
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/excellon_statements.py b/gerber/excellon_statements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c50ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/excellon_statements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Excellon Statements
+====================
+**Excellon file statement classes**
+
+"""
+
+import re
+import uuid
+import itertools
+from .utils import (parse_gerber_value, write_gerber_value, decimal_string,
+                    inch, metric)
+
+
+__all__ = ['ExcellonTool', 'ToolSelectionStmt', 'CoordinateStmt',
+           'CommentStmt', 'HeaderBeginStmt', 'HeaderEndStmt',
+           'RewindStopStmt', 'EndOfProgramStmt', 'UnitStmt',
+           'IncrementalModeStmt', 'VersionStmt', 'FormatStmt', 'LinkToolStmt',
+           'MeasuringModeStmt', 'RouteModeStmt', 'LinearModeStmt', 'DrillModeStmt',
+           'AbsoluteModeStmt', 'RepeatHoleStmt', 'UnknownStmt',
+           'ExcellonStatement', 'ZAxisRoutPositionStmt',
+           'RetractWithClampingStmt', 'RetractWithoutClampingStmt',
+           'CutterCompensationOffStmt', 'CutterCompensationLeftStmt',
+           'CutterCompensationRightStmt', 'ZAxisInfeedRateStmt',
+           'NextToolSelectionStmt', 'SlotStmt']
+
+
+class ExcellonStatement(object):
+    """ Excellon Statement abstract base class
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line):
+        raise NotImplementedError('from_excellon must be implemented in a '
+                                  'subclass')
+
+    def __init__(self, unit='inch', id=None):
+        self.units = unit
+        self.id = uuid.uuid4().int if id is None else id
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        raise NotImplementedError('to_excellon must be implemented in a '
+                                  'subclass')
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.units = 'inch'
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.units = 'metric'
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        pass
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+
+class ExcellonTool(ExcellonStatement):
+    """ Excellon Tool class
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    settings : FileSettings (dict-like)
+        File-wide settings.
+
+    kwargs : dict-like
+        Tool settings from the excellon statement. Valid keys are:
+            - `diameter` : Tool diameter [expressed in file units]
+            - `rpm` : Tool RPM
+            - `feed_rate` : Z-axis tool feed rate
+            - `retract_rate` : Z-axis tool retraction rate
+            - `max_hit_count` : Number of hits allowed before a tool change
+            - `depth_offset` : Offset of tool depth from tip of tool.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    number : integer
+        Tool number from the excellon file
+
+    diameter : float
+        Tool diameter in file units
+
+    rpm : float
+        Tool RPM
+
+    feed_rate : float
+        Tool Z-axis feed rate.
+
+    retract_rate : float
+        Tool Z-axis retract rate
+
+    depth_offset : float
+        Offset of depth measurement from tip of tool
+
+    max_hit_count : integer
+        Maximum number of tool hits allowed before a tool change
+
+    hit_count : integer
+        Number of tool hits in excellon file.
+    """
+
+    PLATED_UNKNOWN = None
+    PLATED_YES = 'plated'
+    PLATED_NO = 'nonplated'
+    PLATED_OPTIONAL = 'optional'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_tool(cls, tool):
+        args = {}
+
+        args['depth_offset'] = tool.depth_offset
+        args['diameter'] = tool.diameter
+        args['feed_rate'] = tool.feed_rate
+        args['max_hit_count'] = tool.max_hit_count
+        args['number'] = tool.number
+        args['plated'] = tool.plated
+        args['retract_rate'] = tool.retract_rate
+        args['rpm'] = tool.rpm
+
+        return cls(None, **args)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, settings, id=None, plated=None):
+        """ Create a Tool from an excellon file tool definition line.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        line : string
+            Tool definition line from an excellon file.
+
+        settings : FileSettings (dict-like)
+            Excellon file-wide settings
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tool : Tool
+            An ExcellonTool representing the tool defined in `line`
+        """
+        commands = pairwise(re.split('([BCFHSTZ])', line)[1:])
+        args = {}
+        args['id'] = id
+        nformat = settings.format
+        zero_suppression = settings.zero_suppression
+        for cmd, val in commands:
+            if cmd == 'B':
+                args['retract_rate'] = parse_gerber_value(val, nformat, zero_suppression)
+            elif cmd == 'C':
+                args['diameter'] = parse_gerber_value(val, nformat, zero_suppression)
+            elif cmd == 'F':
+                args['feed_rate'] = parse_gerber_value(val, nformat, zero_suppression)
+            elif cmd == 'H':
+                args['max_hit_count'] = parse_gerber_value(val, nformat, zero_suppression)
+            elif cmd == 'S':
+                args['rpm'] = 1000 * parse_gerber_value(val, nformat, zero_suppression)
+            elif cmd == 'T':
+                args['number'] = int(val)
+            elif cmd == 'Z':
+                args['depth_offset'] = parse_gerber_value(val, nformat, zero_suppression)
+
+        if plated != ExcellonTool.PLATED_UNKNOWN:
+            # Sometimees we can can parse the plating status
+            args['plated'] = plated
+        return cls(settings, **args)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, settings, tool_dict):
+        """ Create an ExcellonTool from a dict.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        settings : FileSettings (dict-like)
+            Excellon File-wide settings
+
+        tool_dict : dict
+            Excellon tool parameters as a dict
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tool : ExcellonTool
+            An ExcellonTool initialized with the parameters in tool_dict.
+        """
+        return cls(settings, **tool_dict)
+
+    def __init__(self, settings, **kwargs):
+        if kwargs.get('id') is not None:
+            super(ExcellonTool, self).__init__(id=kwargs.get('id'))
+        self.settings = settings
+        self.number = kwargs.get('number')
+        self.feed_rate = kwargs.get('feed_rate')
+        self.retract_rate = kwargs.get('retract_rate')
+        self.rpm = kwargs.get('rpm')
+        self.diameter = kwargs.get('diameter')
+        self.max_hit_count = kwargs.get('max_hit_count')
+        self.depth_offset = kwargs.get('depth_offset')
+        self.plated = kwargs.get('plated')
+
+        self.hit_count = 0
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        if self.settings and not settings:
+            settings = self.settings
+        fmt = settings.format
+        zs = settings.zero_suppression
+        stmt = 'T%02d' % self.number
+        if self.retract_rate is not None:
+            stmt += 'B%s' % write_gerber_value(self.retract_rate, fmt, zs)
+        if self.feed_rate is not None:
+            stmt += 'F%s' % write_gerber_value(self.feed_rate, fmt, zs)
+        if self.max_hit_count is not None:
+            stmt += 'H%s' % write_gerber_value(self.max_hit_count, fmt, zs)
+        if self.rpm is not None:
+            if self.rpm < 100000.:
+                stmt += 'S%s' % write_gerber_value(self.rpm / 1000., fmt, zs)
+            else:
+                stmt += 'S%g' % (self.rpm / 1000.)
+        if self.diameter is not None:
+            stmt += 'C%s' % decimal_string(self.diameter, fmt[1], True)
+        if self.depth_offset is not None:
+            stmt += 'Z%s' % write_gerber_value(self.depth_offset, fmt, zs)
+        return stmt
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.settings.units != 'inch':
+            self.settings.units = 'inch'
+            if self.diameter is not None:
+                self.diameter = inch(self.diameter)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.settings.units != 'metric':
+            self.settings.units = 'metric'
+            if self.diameter is not None:
+                self.diameter = metric(self.diameter)
+
+    def _hit(self):
+        self.hit_count += 1
+
+    def equivalent(self, other):
+        """
+        Is the other tool equal to this, ignoring the tool number, and other file specified properties
+        """
+
+        if type(self) != type(other):
+            return False
+
+        return (self.diameter == other.diameter
+            and self.feed_rate == other.feed_rate
+            and self.retract_rate == other.retract_rate
+            and self.rpm == other.rpm
+            and self.depth_offset == other.depth_offset
+            and self.max_hit_count == other.max_hit_count
+            and self.plated == other.plated
+            and self.settings.units == other.settings.units)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        unit = 'in.' if self.settings.units == 'inch' else 'mm'
+        fmtstr = '<ExcellonTool %%02d: %%%d.%dg%%s dia.>' % self.settings.format
+        return fmtstr % (self.number, self.diameter, unit)
+
+
+class ToolSelectionStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        """ Create a ToolSelectionStmt from an excellon file line.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        line : string
+            Line from an Excellon file
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        tool_statement : ToolSelectionStmt
+            ToolSelectionStmt representation of `line.`
+        """
+        line = line[1:]
+        compensation_index = None
+
+        # up to 3 characters for tool number (Frizting uses that)
+        if len(line) <= 3:
+            tool = int(line)
+        else:
+            tool = int(line[:2])
+            compensation_index = int(line[2:])
+
+        return cls(tool, compensation_index, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, tool, compensation_index=None, **kwargs):
+        super(ToolSelectionStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        tool = int(tool)
+        compensation_index = (int(compensation_index) if compensation_index
+                              is not None else None)
+        self.tool = tool
+        self.compensation_index = compensation_index
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        stmt = 'T%02d' % self.tool
+        if self.compensation_index is not None:
+            stmt += '%02d' % self.compensation_index
+        return stmt
+
+class NextToolSelectionStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    # TODO the statement exists outside of the context of the file,
+    # so it is imposible to know that it is really the next tool
+
+    def __init__(self, cur_tool, next_tool, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Select the next tool in the wheel.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        cur_tool : the tool that is currently selected
+        next_tool : the that that is now selected
+        """
+        super(NextToolSelectionStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+        self.cur_tool = cur_tool
+        self.next_tool = next_tool
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        stmt = 'M00'
+        return stmt
+
+class ZAxisInfeedRateStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        """ Create a ZAxisInfeedRate from an excellon file line.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        line : string
+            Line from an Excellon file
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        z_axis_infeed_rate : ToolSelectionStmt
+            ToolSelectionStmt representation of `line.`
+        """
+        rate = int(line[1:])
+
+        return cls(rate, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, rate, **kwargs):
+        super(ZAxisInfeedRateStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.rate = rate
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'F%02d' % self.rate
+
+
+class CoordinateStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_point(cls, point, mode=None):
+
+        stmt = cls(point[0], point[1])
+        if mode:
+            stmt.mode = mode
+        return stmt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, settings, **kwargs):
+        x_coord = None
+        y_coord = None
+        if line[0] == 'X':
+            splitline = line.strip('X').split('Y')
+            x_coord = parse_gerber_value(splitline[0], settings.format,
+                                         settings.zero_suppression)
+            if len(splitline) == 2:
+                y_coord = parse_gerber_value(splitline[1], settings.format,
+                                             settings.zero_suppression)
+        else:
+            y_coord = parse_gerber_value(line.strip(' Y'), settings.format,
+                                         settings.zero_suppression)
+        c = cls(x_coord, y_coord, **kwargs)
+        c.units = settings.units
+        return c
+
+    def __init__(self, x=None, y=None, **kwargs):
+        super(CoordinateStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+        self.mode = None
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings):
+        stmt = ''
+        if self.mode == "ROUT":
+            stmt += "G00"
+        if self.mode == "LINEAR":
+            stmt += "G01"
+        if self.x is not None:
+            stmt += 'X%s' % write_gerber_value(self.x, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+        if self.y is not None:
+            stmt += 'Y%s' % write_gerber_value(self.y, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+        return stmt
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.x is not None:
+                self.x = inch(self.x)
+            if self.y is not None:
+                self.y = inch(self.y)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.x is not None:
+                self.x = metric(self.x)
+            if self.y is not None:
+                self.y = metric(self.y)
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        if self.x is not None:
+            self.x += x_offset
+        if self.y is not None:
+            self.y += y_offset
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        coord_str = ''
+        if self.x is not None:
+            coord_str += 'X: %g ' % self.x
+        if self.y is not None:
+            coord_str += 'Y: %g ' % self.y
+
+        return '<Coordinate Statement: %s>' % coord_str
+
+
+class RepeatHoleStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, settings, **kwargs):
+        match = re.compile(r'R(?P<rcount>[0-9]*)X?(?P<xdelta>[+\-]?\d*\.?\d*)?Y?'
+                           '(?P<ydelta>[+\-]?\d*\.?\d*)?').match(line)
+        stmt = match.groupdict()
+        count = int(stmt['rcount'])
+        xdelta = (parse_gerber_value(stmt['xdelta'], settings.format,
+                                     settings.zero_suppression)
+                  if stmt['xdelta'] is not '' else None)
+        ydelta = (parse_gerber_value(stmt['ydelta'], settings.format,
+                                     settings.zero_suppression)
+                  if stmt['ydelta'] is not '' else None)
+        c = cls(count, xdelta, ydelta, **kwargs)
+        c.units = settings.units
+        return c
+
+    def __init__(self, count, xdelta=0.0, ydelta=0.0, **kwargs):
+        super(RepeatHoleStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.count = count
+        self.xdelta = xdelta
+        self.ydelta = ydelta
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings):
+        stmt = 'R%d' % self.count
+        if self.xdelta is not None and self.xdelta != 0.0:
+            stmt += 'X%s' % write_gerber_value(self.xdelta, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+        if self.ydelta is not None and self.ydelta != 0.0:
+            stmt += 'Y%s' % write_gerber_value(self.ydelta, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+        return stmt
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.xdelta is not None:
+                self.xdelta = inch(self.xdelta)
+            if self.ydelta is not None:
+                self.ydelta = inch(self.ydelta)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.xdelta is not None:
+                self.xdelta = metric(self.xdelta)
+            if self.ydelta is not None:
+                self.ydelta = metric(self.ydelta)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Repeat Hole: %d times, offset X: %g Y: %g>' % (
+            self.count,
+            self.xdelta if self.xdelta is not None else 0,
+            self.ydelta if self.ydelta is not None else 0)
+
+
+class CommentStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        return cls(line.lstrip(';'))
+
+    def __init__(self, comment, **kwargs):
+        super(CommentStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.comment = comment
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return ';%s' % self.comment
+
+
+class HeaderBeginStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(HeaderBeginStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M48'
+
+
+class HeaderEndStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(HeaderEndStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M95'
+
+
+class RewindStopStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(RewindStopStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return '%'
+
+
+class ZAxisRoutPositionStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(ZAxisRoutPositionStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M15'
+
+
+class RetractWithClampingStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(RetractWithClampingStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M16'
+
+
+class RetractWithoutClampingStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(RetractWithoutClampingStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M17'
+
+
+class CutterCompensationOffStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(CutterCompensationOffStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G40'
+
+
+class CutterCompensationLeftStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(CutterCompensationLeftStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G41'
+
+
+class CutterCompensationRightStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(CutterCompensationRightStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G42'
+
+
+class EndOfProgramStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, settings, **kwargs):
+        match = re.compile(r'M30X?(?P<x>\d*\.?\d*)?Y?'
+                           '(?P<y>\d*\.?\d*)?').match(line)
+        stmt = match.groupdict()
+        x = (parse_gerber_value(stmt['x'], settings.format,
+                                settings.zero_suppression)
+             if stmt['x'] is not '' else None)
+        y = (parse_gerber_value(stmt['y'], settings.format,
+                                settings.zero_suppression)
+             if stmt['y'] is not '' else None)
+        c = cls(x, y, **kwargs)
+        c.units = settings.units
+        return c
+
+    def __init__(self, x=None, y=None, **kwargs):
+        super(EndOfProgramStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        stmt = 'M30'
+        if self.x is not None:
+            stmt += 'X%s' % write_gerber_value(self.x)
+        if self.y is not None:
+            stmt += 'Y%s' % write_gerber_value(self.y)
+        return stmt
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.x is not None:
+                self.x = inch(self.x)
+            if self.y is not None:
+                self.y = inch(self.y)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.x is not None:
+                self.x = metric(self.x)
+            if self.y is not None:
+                self.y = metric(self.y)
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        if self.x is not None:
+            self.x += x_offset
+        if self.y is not None:
+            self.y += y_offset
+
+
+class UnitStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_settings(cls, settings):
+        """Create the unit statement from the FileSettings"""
+
+        return cls(settings.units, settings.zeros)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        units = 'inch' if 'INCH' in line else 'metric'
+        zeros = 'leading' if 'LZ' in line else 'trailing'
+        if '0000.00' in line:
+            format = (4, 2)
+        elif '000.000' in line:
+            format = (3, 3)
+        elif '00.0000' in line:
+            format = (2, 4)
+        else:
+            format = None
+        return cls(units, zeros, format, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, units='inch', zeros='leading', format=None, **kwargs):
+        super(UnitStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.units = units.lower()
+        self.zeros = zeros
+        self.format = format
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        # TODO This won't export the invalid format statement if it exists
+        stmt = '%s,%s' % ('INCH' if self.units == 'inch' else 'METRIC',
+                          'LZ' if self.zeros == 'leading'
+                          else 'TZ')
+        return stmt
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.units = 'inch'
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.units = 'metric'
+
+
+class IncrementalModeStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        return cls('off', **kwargs) if 'OFF' in line else cls('on', **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, mode='off', **kwargs):
+        super(IncrementalModeStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        if mode.lower() not in ['on', 'off']:
+            raise ValueError('Mode may be "on" or "off"')
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'ICI,%s' % ('OFF' if self.mode == 'off' else 'ON')
+
+
+class VersionStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        version = int(line.split(',')[1])
+        return cls(version, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, version=1, **kwargs):
+        super(VersionStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        version = int(version)
+        if version not in [1, 2]:
+            raise ValueError('Valid versions are  1 or 2')
+        self.version = version
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'VER,%d' % self.version
+
+
+class FormatStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        fmt = int(line.split(',')[1])
+        return cls(fmt, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, format=1, **kwargs):
+        super(FormatStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        format = int(format)
+        if format not in [1, 2]:
+            raise ValueError('Valid formats are 1 or 2')
+        self.format = format
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'FMAT,%d' % self.format
+
+    @property
+    def format_tuple(self):
+        return (self.format, 6 - self.format)
+
+
+class LinkToolStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        linked = [int(tool) for tool in line.split('/')]
+        return cls(linked, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, linked_tools, **kwargs):
+        super(LinkToolStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.linked_tools = [int(x) for x in linked_tools]
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return '/'.join([str(x) for x in self.linked_tools])
+
+
+class MeasuringModeStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        if not ('M71' in line or 'M72' in line):
+            raise ValueError('Not a measuring mode statement')
+        return cls('inch', **kwargs) if 'M72' in line else cls('metric', **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, units='inch', **kwargs):
+        super(MeasuringModeStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        units = units.lower()
+        if units not in ['inch', 'metric']:
+            raise ValueError('units must be "inch" or "metric"')
+        self.units = units
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M72' if self.units == 'inch' else 'M71'
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.units = 'inch'
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.units = 'metric'
+
+
+class RouteModeStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(RouteModeStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G00'
+
+
+class LinearModeStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(LinearModeStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G01'
+
+
+class DrillModeStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(DrillModeStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G05'
+
+
+class AbsoluteModeStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        super(AbsoluteModeStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G90'
+
+
+class UnknownStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, **kwargs):
+        return cls(line, **kwargs)
+
+    def __init__(self, stmt, **kwargs):
+        super(UnknownStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.stmt = stmt
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings=None):
+        return self.stmt
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "<Unknown Statement: %s>" % self.stmt
+
+
+class SlotStmt(ExcellonStatement):
+    """
+    G85 statement.  Defines a slot created by multiple drills between two specified points.
+
+    Format is two coordinates, split by G85in the middle, for example, XnY0nG85XnYn
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_points(cls, start, end):
+
+        return cls(start[0], start[1], end[0], end[1])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_excellon(cls, line, settings, **kwargs):
+        # Split the line based on the G85 separator
+        sub_coords = line.split('G85')
+        (x_start_coord, y_start_coord) = SlotStmt.parse_sub_coords(sub_coords[0], settings)
+        (x_end_coord, y_end_coord) = SlotStmt.parse_sub_coords(sub_coords[1], settings)
+
+        # Some files seem to specify only one of the coordinates
+        if x_end_coord == None:
+            x_end_coord = x_start_coord
+        if y_end_coord == None:
+            y_end_coord = y_start_coord
+
+        c = cls(x_start_coord, y_start_coord, x_end_coord, y_end_coord, **kwargs)
+        c.units = settings.units
+        return c
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_sub_coords(line, settings):
+
+        x_coord = None
+        y_coord = None
+
+        if line[0] == 'X':
+            splitline = line.strip('X').split('Y')
+            x_coord = parse_gerber_value(splitline[0], settings.format,
+                                         settings.zero_suppression)
+            if len(splitline) == 2:
+                y_coord = parse_gerber_value(splitline[1], settings.format,
+                                             settings.zero_suppression)
+        else:
+            y_coord = parse_gerber_value(line.strip(' Y'), settings.format,
+                                         settings.zero_suppression)
+
+        return (x_coord, y_coord)
+
+
+    def __init__(self, x_start=None, y_start=None, x_end=None, y_end=None, **kwargs):
+        super(SlotStmt, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.x_start = x_start
+        self.y_start = y_start
+        self.x_end = x_end
+        self.y_end = y_end
+        self.mode = None
+
+    def to_excellon(self, settings):
+        stmt = ''
+
+        if self.x_start is not None:
+            stmt += 'X%s' % write_gerber_value(self.x_start, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+        if self.y_start is not None:
+            stmt += 'Y%s' % write_gerber_value(self.y_start, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+
+        stmt += 'G85'
+
+        if self.x_end is not None:
+            stmt += 'X%s' % write_gerber_value(self.x_end, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+        if self.y_end is not None:
+            stmt += 'Y%s' % write_gerber_value(self.y_end, settings.format,
+                                               settings.zero_suppression)
+
+        return stmt
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.x_start is not None:
+                self.x_start = inch(self.x_start)
+            if self.y_start is not None:
+                self.y_start = inch(self.y_start)
+            if self.x_end is not None:
+                self.x_end = inch(self.x_end)
+            if self.y_end is not None:
+                self.y_end = inch(self.y_end)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.x_start is not None:
+                self.x_start = metric(self.x_start)
+            if self.y_start is not None:
+                self.y_start = metric(self.y_start)
+            if self.x_end is not None:
+                self.x_end = metric(self.x_end)
+            if self.y_end is not None:
+                self.y_end = metric(self.y_end)
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        if self.x_start is not None:
+            self.x_start += x_offset
+        if self.y_start is not None:
+            self.y_start += y_offset
+        if self.x_end is not None:
+            self.x_end += x_offset
+        if self.y_end is not None:
+            self.y_end += y_offset
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        start_str = ''
+        if self.x_start is not None:
+            start_str += 'X: %g ' % self.x_start
+        if self.y_start is not None:
+            start_str += 'Y: %g ' % self.y_start
+
+        end_str = ''
+        if self.x_end is not None:
+            end_str += 'X: %g ' % self.x_end
+        if self.y_end is not None:
+            end_str += 'Y: %g ' % self.y_end
+
+        return '<Slot Statement: %s to %s>' % (start_str, end_str)
+
+def pairwise(iterator):
+    """ Iterate over list taking two elements at a time.
+
+    e.g. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] ==> [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
+    """
+    a, b = itertools.tee(iterator)
+    itr = zip(itertools.islice(a, 0, None, 2), itertools.islice(b, 1, None, 2))
+    for elem in itr:
+        yield elem
diff --git a/gerber/excellon_tool.py b/gerber/excellon_tool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9ac450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/excellon_tool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2015 Garret Fick <garret@ficksworkshop.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Excellon Tool Definition File module
+====================
+**Excellon file classes**
+
+This module provides Excellon file classes and parsing utilities
+"""
+
+import re
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except(ImportError):
+    from io import StringIO
+
+from .excellon_statements import ExcellonTool
+
+def loads(data, settings=None):
+    """ Read tool file information and return a map of tools
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing Excellon Tool Definition file contents
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict tool name: ExcellonTool
+
+    """
+    return ExcellonToolDefinitionParser(settings).parse_raw(data)
+
+class ExcellonToolDefinitionParser(object):
+    """ Excellon File Parser
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    None
+    """
+
+    allegro_tool = re.compile(r'(?P<size>[0-9/.]+)\s+(?P<plated>P|N)\s+T(?P<toolid>[0-9]{2})\s+(?P<xtol>[0-9/.]+)\s+(?P<ytol>[0-9/.]+)')
+    allegro_comment_mils = re.compile('Holesize (?P<toolid>[0-9]{1,2})\. = (?P<size>[0-9/.]+) Tolerance = \+(?P<xtol>[0-9/.]+)/-(?P<ytol>[0-9/.]+) (?P<plated>(PLATED)|(NON_PLATED)|(OPTIONAL)) MILS Quantity = [0-9]+')
+    allegro2_comment_mils = re.compile('T(?P<toolid>[0-9]{1,2}) Holesize (?P<toolid2>[0-9]{1,2})\. = (?P<size>[0-9/.]+) Tolerance = \+(?P<xtol>[0-9/.]+)/-(?P<ytol>[0-9/.]+) (?P<plated>(PLATED)|(NON_PLATED)|(OPTIONAL)) MILS Quantity = [0-9]+')
+    allegro_comment_mm = re.compile('Holesize (?P<toolid>[0-9]{1,2})\. = (?P<size>[0-9/.]+) Tolerance = \+(?P<xtol>[0-9/.]+)/-(?P<ytol>[0-9/.]+) (?P<plated>(PLATED)|(NON_PLATED)|(OPTIONAL)) MM Quantity = [0-9]+')
+    allegro2_comment_mm = re.compile('T(?P<toolid>[0-9]{1,2}) Holesize (?P<toolid2>[0-9]{1,2})\. = (?P<size>[0-9/.]+) Tolerance = \+(?P<xtol>[0-9/.]+)/-(?P<ytol>[0-9/.]+) (?P<plated>(PLATED)|(NON_PLATED)|(OPTIONAL)) MM Quantity = [0-9]+')
+
+    matchers = [
+                (allegro_tool, 'mils'),
+                (allegro_comment_mils, 'mils'),
+                (allegro2_comment_mils, 'mils'),
+                (allegro_comment_mm, 'mm'),
+                (allegro2_comment_mm, 'mm'),
+                ]
+
+    def __init__(self, settings=None):
+        self.tools = {}
+        self.settings = settings
+
+    def parse_raw(self, data):
+        for line in StringIO(data):
+            self._parse(line.strip())
+
+        return self.tools
+
+    def _parse(self, line):
+
+        for matcher in ExcellonToolDefinitionParser.matchers:
+            m = matcher[0].match(line)
+            if m:
+                unit = matcher[1]
+
+                size = float(m.group('size'))
+                platedstr = m.group('plated')
+                toolid = int(m.group('toolid'))
+                xtol = float(m.group('xtol'))
+                ytol = float(m.group('ytol'))
+
+                size = self._convert_length(size, unit)
+                xtol = self._convert_length(xtol, unit)
+                ytol = self._convert_length(ytol, unit)
+
+                if platedstr == 'PLATED':
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_YES
+                elif platedstr == 'NON_PLATED':
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_NO
+                elif platedstr == 'OPTIONAL':
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_OPTIONAL
+                else:
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_UNKNOWN
+
+                tool = ExcellonTool(None, number=toolid, diameter=size,
+                                    plated=plated)
+
+                self.tools[tool.number] = tool
+
+                break
+
+    def _convert_length(self, value, unit):
+
+        # Convert the value to mm
+        if unit == 'mils':
+            value /= 39.3700787402
+
+        # Now convert to the settings unit
+        if self.settings.units == 'inch':
+            return value / 25.4
+        else:
+            # Already in mm
+            return value
+
+def loads_rep(data, settings=None):
+    """ Read tool report information generated by PADS and return a map of tools
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing Excellon Report file contents
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict tool name: ExcellonTool
+
+    """
+    return ExcellonReportParser(settings).parse_raw(data)
+
+class ExcellonReportParser(object):
+
+    # We sometimes get files with different encoding, so we can't actually
+    # match the text - the best we can do it detect the table header
+    header = re.compile(r'====\s+====\s+====\s+====\s+=====\s+===')
+
+    def __init__(self, settings=None):
+        self.tools = {}
+        self.settings = settings
+
+        self.found_header = False
+
+    def parse_raw(self, data):
+        for line in StringIO(data):
+            self._parse(line.strip())
+
+        return self.tools
+
+    def _parse(self, line):
+
+        # skip empty lines and "comments"
+        if not line.strip():
+            return
+
+        if not self.found_header:
+            # Try to find the heaader, since we need that to  be sure we
+            # understand the contents correctly.
+            if ExcellonReportParser.header.match(line):
+                self.found_header = True
+
+        elif  line[0] != '=':
+            # Already found the header, so we know to to map the contents
+            parts = line.split()
+            if len(parts) == 6:
+                toolid = int(parts[0])
+                size = float(parts[1])
+                if parts[2] == 'x':
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_YES
+                elif parts[2] == '-':
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_NO
+                else:
+                    plated = ExcellonTool.PLATED_UNKNOWN
+                feedrate = int(parts[3])
+                speed = int(parts[4])
+                qty = int(parts[5])
+
+                tool = ExcellonTool(None, number=toolid, diameter=size,
+                                    plated=plated, feed_rate=feedrate,
+                                    rpm=speed)
+
+                self.tools[tool.number] = tool
diff --git a/gerber/exceptions.py b/gerber/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ae905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2015 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+class ParseError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class GerberParseError(ParseError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ExcellonParseError(ParseError):
+    pass
+
+
+class ExcellonFileError(IOError):
+    pass
+
+
+class GerberFileError(IOError):
+    pass
diff --git a/gerber/gerber_statements.py b/gerber/gerber_statements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28f5e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/gerber_statements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1189 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Gerber (RS-274X) Statements
+===========================
+**Gerber RS-274X file statement classes**
+
+"""
+from .utils import (parse_gerber_value, write_gerber_value, decimal_string,
+                    inch, metric)
+
+from .am_statements import *
+from .am_read import read_macro
+from .am_eval import eval_macro
+from .primitives import AMGroup
+
+
+class Statement(object):
+    """ Gerber statement Base class
+
+    The statement class provides a type attribute.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    type : string
+        String identifying the statement type.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    type : string
+        String identifying the statement type.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, stype, units='inch'):
+        self.type = stype
+        self.units = units
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        s = "<{0} ".format(self.__class__.__name__)
+
+        for key, value in self.__dict__.items():
+            s += "{0}={1} ".format(key, value)
+
+        s = s.rstrip() + ">"
+        return s
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.units = 'inch'
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.units = 'metric'
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        pass
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+
+class ParamStmt(Statement):
+    """ Gerber parameter statement Base class
+
+    The parameter statement class provides a parameter type attribute.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    param : string
+        two-character code identifying the parameter statement type.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    param : string
+        Parameter type code
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, param):
+        Statement.__init__(self, "PARAM")
+        self.param = param
+
+
+class FSParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ FS - Gerber Format Specification Statement
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_settings(cls, settings):
+
+        return cls('FS', settings.zero_suppression, settings.notation, settings.format)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        """
+        """
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+
+        if stmt_dict.get('zero') == 'L':
+            zeros = 'leading'
+        elif stmt_dict.get('zero') == 'T':
+            zeros = 'trailing'
+        else:
+            zeros = 'none'
+
+        notation = 'absolute' if stmt_dict.get('notation') == 'A' else 'incremental'
+        fmt = tuple(map(int, stmt_dict.get('x')))
+        return cls(param, zeros, notation, fmt)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, zero_suppression='leading',
+                 notation='absolute', format=(2, 4)):
+        """ Initialize FSParamStmt class
+
+        .. note::
+            The FS command specifies the format of the coordinate data. It
+            must only be used once at the beginning of a file. It must be
+            specified before the first use of coordinate data.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter.
+
+        zero_suppression : string
+            Zero-suppression mode. May be either 'leading', 'trailing' or 'none' (all zeros are present)
+
+        notation : string
+            Notation mode. May be either 'absolute' or 'incremental'
+
+        format : tuple (int, int)
+            Gerber precision format expressed as a tuple containing:
+            (number of integer-part digits, number of decimal-part digits)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : FSParamStmt
+            Initialized FSParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.zero_suppression = zero_suppression
+        self.notation = notation
+        self.format = format
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        if settings:
+            zero_suppression = 'L' if settings.zero_suppression == 'leading' else 'T'
+            notation = 'A' if settings.notation == 'absolute' else 'I'
+            fmt = ''.join(map(str, settings.format))
+        else:
+            zero_suppression = 'L' if self.zero_suppression == 'leading' else 'T'
+            notation = 'A' if self.notation == 'absolute' else 'I'
+            fmt = ''.join(map(str, self.format))
+
+        return '%FS{0}{1}X{2}Y{3}*%'.format(zero_suppression, notation, fmt, fmt)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('<Format Spec: %d:%d %s zero suppression %s notation>' %
+                (self.format[0], self.format[1], self.zero_suppression, self.notation))
+
+
+class MOParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ MO - Gerber Mode (measurement units) Statement.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_units(cls, units):
+        return cls(None, units)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        if stmt_dict.get('mo') is None:
+            mo = None
+        elif stmt_dict.get('mo').lower() not in ('in', 'mm'):
+            raise ValueError('Mode may be mm or in')
+        elif stmt_dict.get('mo').lower() == 'in':
+            mo = 'inch'
+        else:
+            mo = 'metric'
+        return cls(param, mo)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, mo):
+        """ Initialize MOParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter.
+
+        mo : string
+            Measurement units. May be either 'inch' or 'metric'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : MOParamStmt
+            Initialized MOParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.mode = mo
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        mode = 'MM' if self.mode == 'metric' else 'IN'
+        return '%MO{0}*%'.format(mode)
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        self.mode = 'inch'
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        self.mode = 'metric'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        mode_str = 'millimeters' if self.mode == 'metric' else 'inches'
+        return ('<Mode: %s>' % mode_str)
+
+
+class LPParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ LP - Gerber Level Polarity statement
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict['param']
+        lp = 'clear' if stmt_dict.get('lp') == 'C' else 'dark'
+        return cls(param, lp)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, lp):
+        """ Initialize LPParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter
+
+        lp : string
+            Level polarity. May be either 'clear' or 'dark'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : LPParamStmt
+            Initialized LPParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.lp = lp
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        lp = 'C' if self.lp == 'clear' else 'D'
+        return '%LP{0}*%'.format(lp)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Level Polarity: %s>' % self.lp
+
+
+class ADParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ AD - Gerber Aperture Definition Statement
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def rect(cls, dcode, width, height, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None, hole_height=None):
+        '''Create a rectangular aperture definition statement'''
+        if hole_diameter is not None and hole_diameter > 0:
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'R', ([width, height, hole_diameter],))
+        elif (hole_width is not None and hole_width > 0
+              and hole_height is not None and hole_height > 0):
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'R', ([width, height, hole_width, hole_height],))
+        return cls('AD', dcode, 'R', ([width, height],))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def circle(cls, dcode, diameter, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None, hole_height=None):
+        '''Create a circular aperture definition statement'''
+        if hole_diameter is not None and hole_diameter > 0:
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'C', ([diameter, hole_diameter],))
+        elif (hole_width is not None and hole_width > 0
+              and hole_height is not None and hole_height > 0):
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'C', ([diameter, hole_width, hole_height],))
+        return cls('AD', dcode, 'C', ([diameter],))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def obround(cls, dcode, width, height, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None, hole_height=None):
+        '''Create an obround aperture definition statement'''
+        if hole_diameter is not None and hole_diameter > 0:
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'O', ([width, height, hole_diameter],))
+        elif (hole_width is not None and hole_width > 0
+              and hole_height is not None and hole_height > 0):
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'O', ([width, height, hole_width, hole_height],))
+        return cls('AD', dcode, 'O', ([width, height],))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def polygon(cls, dcode, diameter, num_vertices, rotation, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None, hole_height=None):
+        '''Create a polygon aperture definition statement'''
+        if hole_diameter is not None and hole_diameter > 0:
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'P', ([diameter, num_vertices, rotation, hole_diameter],))
+        elif (hole_width is not None and hole_width > 0
+              and hole_height is not None and hole_height > 0):
+            return cls('AD', dcode, 'P', ([diameter, num_vertices, rotation, hole_width, hole_height],))
+        return cls('AD', dcode, 'P', ([diameter, num_vertices, rotation],))
+
+
+    @classmethod
+    def macro(cls, dcode, name):
+        return cls('AD', dcode, name, '')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        d = int(stmt_dict.get('d'))
+        shape = stmt_dict.get('shape')
+        modifiers = stmt_dict.get('modifiers')
+        return cls(param, d, shape, modifiers)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, d, shape, modifiers):
+        """ Initialize ADParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter code
+
+        d : int
+            Aperture D-code
+
+        shape : string
+            aperture name
+
+        modifiers : list of lists of floats
+            Shape modifiers
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : ADParamStmt
+            Initialized ADParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.d = d
+        self.shape = shape
+        if isinstance(modifiers, tuple):
+            self.modifiers = modifiers
+        elif modifiers:
+            self.modifiers = [tuple([float(x) for x in m.split("X") if len(x)])
+                              for m in modifiers.split(",") if len(m)]
+        else:
+            self.modifiers = [tuple()]
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            self.modifiers = [tuple([inch(x) for x in modifier])
+                              for modifier in self.modifiers]
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            self.modifiers = [tuple([metric(x) for x in modifier])
+                              for modifier in self.modifiers]
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        if any(self.modifiers):
+            return '%ADD{0}{1},{2}*%'.format(self.d, self.shape, ','.join(['X'.join(["%.4g" % x for x in modifier]) for modifier in self.modifiers]))
+        else:
+            return '%ADD{0}{1}*%'.format(self.d, self.shape)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        if self.shape == 'C':
+            shape = 'circle'
+        elif self.shape == 'R':
+            shape = 'rectangle'
+        elif self.shape == 'O':
+            shape = 'obround'
+        else:
+            shape = self.shape
+
+        return '<Aperture Definition: %d: %s>' % (self.d, shape)
+
+
+class AMParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ AM - Aperture Macro Statement
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        return cls(**stmt_dict)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, name, macro):
+        """ Initialize AMParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter code
+
+        name : string
+            Aperture macro name
+
+        macro : string
+            Aperture macro string
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : AMParamStmt
+            Initialized AMParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.name = name
+        self.macro = macro
+
+        self.instructions = self.read(macro)
+        self.primitives = []
+
+    def read(self, macro):
+        return read_macro(macro)
+
+    def build(self, modifiers=[[]]):
+        self.primitives = []
+
+        for primitive in eval_macro(self.instructions, modifiers[0]):
+            if primitive[0] == '0':
+                self.primitives.append(AMCommentPrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0] == '1':
+                self.primitives.append(AMCirclePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0:2] in ('2,', '20'):
+                self.primitives.append(AMVectorLinePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0:2] == '21':
+                self.primitives.append(AMCenterLinePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0:2] == '22':
+                self.primitives.append(AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0] == '4':
+                self.primitives.append(AMOutlinePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0] == '5':
+                self.primitives.append(AMPolygonPrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0] == '6':
+                self.primitives.append(AMMoirePrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            elif primitive[0] == '7':
+                self.primitives.append(
+                    AMThermalPrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+            else:
+                self.primitives.append(
+                    AMUnsupportPrimitive.from_gerber(primitive))
+
+        return AMGroup(self.primitives, stmt=self, units=self.units)
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            for primitive in self.primitives:
+                primitive.to_inch()
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            for primitive in self.primitives:
+                primitive.to_metric()
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return '%AM{0}*{1}%'.format(self.name, "".join([primitive.to_gerber() for primitive in self.primitives]))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Aperture Macro %s: %s>' % (self.name, self.macro)
+
+
+class ASParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ AS - Axis Select. (Deprecated)
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        mode = stmt_dict.get('mode')
+        return cls(param, mode)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, mode):
+        """ Initialize ASParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter string.
+
+        mode : string
+            Axis select. May be either 'AXBY' or 'AYBX'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : ASParamStmt
+            Initialized ASParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return '%AS{0}*%'.format(self.mode)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('<Axis Select: %s>' % self.mode)
+
+
+class INParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ IN - Image Name Statement (Deprecated)
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        return cls(**stmt_dict)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, name):
+        """ Initialize INParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter code
+
+        name : string
+            Image name
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : INParamStmt
+            Initialized INParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.name = name
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return '%IN{0}*%'.format(self.name)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Image Name: %s>' % self.name
+
+
+class IPParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ IP - Gerber Image Polarity Statement. (Deprecated)
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        ip = 'positive' if stmt_dict.get('ip') == 'POS' else 'negative'
+        return cls(param, ip)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, ip):
+        """ Initialize IPParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter string.
+
+        ip : string
+            Image polarity. May be either'positive' or 'negative'
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : IPParamStmt
+            Initialized IPParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.ip = ip
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        ip = 'POS' if self.ip == 'positive' else 'NEG'
+        return '%IP{0}*%'.format(ip)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('<Image Polarity: %s>' % self.ip)
+
+
+class IRParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ IR - Image Rotation Param (Deprecated)
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        angle = int(stmt_dict['angle'])
+        return cls(stmt_dict['param'], angle)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, angle):
+        """ Initialize IRParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter code
+
+        angle : int
+            Image angle
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : IRParamStmt
+            Initialized IRParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.angle = angle
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return '%IR{0}*%'.format(self.angle)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Image Angle: %s>' % self.angle
+
+
+class MIParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ MI - Image Mirror Param (Deprecated)
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        a = int(stmt_dict.get('a', 0))
+        b = int(stmt_dict.get('b', 0))
+        return cls(param, a, b)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, a, b):
+        """ Initialize MIParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter code
+
+        a : int
+            Mirror for A output devices axis (0=disabled, 1=mirrored)
+
+        b : int
+            Mirror for B output devices axis (0=disabled, 1=mirrored)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : MIParamStmt
+            Initialized MIParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = b
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        ret = "%MI"
+        if self.a is not None:
+            ret += "A{0}".format(self.a)
+        if self.b is not None:
+            ret += "B{0}".format(self.b)
+        ret += "*%"
+        return ret
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Image Mirror: A=%d B=%d>' % (self.a, self.b)
+
+
+class OFParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ OF - Gerber Offset statement (Deprecated)
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        a = float(stmt_dict.get('a', 0))
+        b = float(stmt_dict.get('b', 0))
+        return cls(param, a, b)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, a, b):
+        """ Initialize OFParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter
+
+        a : float
+            Offset along the output device A axis
+
+        b : float
+            Offset along the output device B axis
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : OFParamStmt
+            Initialized OFParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = b
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        ret = '%OF'
+        if self.a is not None:
+            ret += 'A' + decimal_string(self.a, precision=5)
+        if self.b is not None:
+            ret += 'B' + decimal_string(self.b, precision=5)
+        return ret + '*%'
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.a is not None:
+                self.a = inch(self.a)
+            if self.b is not None:
+                self.b = inch(self.b)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.a is not None:
+                self.a = metric(self.a)
+            if self.b is not None:
+                self.b = metric(self.b)
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        if self.a is not None:
+            self.a += x_offset
+        if self.b is not None:
+            self.b += y_offset
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        offset_str = ''
+        if self.a is not None:
+            offset_str += ('X: %f ' % self.a)
+        if self.b is not None:
+            offset_str += ('Y: %f ' % self.b)
+        return ('<Offset: %s>' % offset_str)
+
+
+class SFParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ SF - Scale Factor Param (Deprecated)
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        param = stmt_dict.get('param')
+        a = float(stmt_dict.get('a', 1))
+        b = float(stmt_dict.get('b', 1))
+        return cls(param, a, b)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, a, b):
+        """ Initialize OFParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter
+
+        a : float
+            Scale factor for the output device A axis
+
+        b : float
+            Scale factor for the output device B axis
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : SFParamStmt
+            Initialized SFParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = b
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        ret = '%SF'
+        if self.a is not None:
+            ret += 'A' + decimal_string(self.a, precision=5)
+        if self.b is not None:
+            ret += 'B' + decimal_string(self.b, precision=5)
+        return ret + '*%'
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.a is not None:
+                self.a = inch(self.a)
+            if self.b is not None:
+                self.b = inch(self.b)
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.a is not None:
+                self.a = metric(self.a)
+            if self.b is not None:
+                self.b = metric(self.b)
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        if self.a is not None:
+            self.a += x_offset
+        if self.b is not None:
+            self.b += y_offset
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        scale_factor = ''
+        if self.a is not None:
+            scale_factor += ('X: %g ' % self.a)
+        if self.b is not None:
+            scale_factor += ('Y: %g' % self.b)
+        return ('<Scale Factor: %s>' % scale_factor)
+
+
+class LNParamStmt(ParamStmt):
+    """ LN - Level Name Statement (Deprecated)
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict):
+        return cls(**stmt_dict)
+
+    def __init__(self, param, name):
+        """ Initialize LNParamStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        param : string
+            Parameter code
+
+        name : string
+            Level name
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ParamStmt : LNParamStmt
+            Initialized LNParamStmt class.
+
+        """
+        ParamStmt.__init__(self, param)
+        self.name = name
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return '%LN{0}*%'.format(self.name)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Level Name: %s>' % self.name
+
+
+class DeprecatedStmt(Statement):
+    """ Unimportant deprecated statement, will be parsed but not emitted.
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, line):
+        return cls(line)
+
+    def __init__(self, line):
+        """ Initialize DeprecatedStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        line : string
+            Deprecated statement text
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        DeprecatedStmt
+            Initialized DeprecatedStmt class.
+
+        """
+        Statement.__init__(self, "DEPRECATED")
+        self.line = line
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return self.line
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Deprecated Statement: \'%s\'>' % self.line
+
+
+class CoordStmt(Statement):
+    """ Coordinate Data Block
+    """
+
+    OP_DRAW = 'D01'
+    OP_MOVE = 'D02'
+    OP_FLASH = 'D03'
+
+    FUNC_LINEAR = 'G01'
+    FUNC_ARC_CW = 'G02'
+    FUNC_ARC_CCW = 'G03'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, stmt_dict, settings):
+        function = stmt_dict['function']
+        x = stmt_dict.get('x')
+        y = stmt_dict.get('y')
+        i = stmt_dict.get('i')
+        j = stmt_dict.get('j')
+        op = stmt_dict.get('op')
+
+        if x is not None:
+            x = parse_gerber_value(stmt_dict.get('x'), settings.format,
+                                   settings.zero_suppression)
+        if y is not None:
+            y = parse_gerber_value(stmt_dict.get('y'), settings.format,
+                                   settings.zero_suppression)
+        if i is not None:
+            i = parse_gerber_value(stmt_dict.get('i'), settings.format,
+                                   settings.zero_suppression)
+        if j is not None:
+            j = parse_gerber_value(stmt_dict.get('j'), settings.format,
+                                   settings.zero_suppression)
+        return cls(function, x, y, i, j, op, settings)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def move(cls, func, point):
+        if point:
+            return cls(func, point[0], point[1], None, None, CoordStmt.OP_MOVE, None)
+        # No point specified, so just write the function. This is normally for ending a region (D02*)
+        return cls(func, None, None, None, None, CoordStmt.OP_MOVE, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def line(cls, func, point):
+        return cls(func, point[0], point[1], None, None, CoordStmt.OP_DRAW, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def mode(cls, func):
+        return cls(func, None, None, None, None, None, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def arc(cls, func, point, center):
+        return cls(func, point[0], point[1], center[0], center[1], CoordStmt.OP_DRAW, None)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def flash(cls, point):
+        if point:
+            return cls(None, point[0], point[1], None, None, CoordStmt.OP_FLASH, None)
+        else:
+            return cls(None, None, None, None, None, CoordStmt.OP_FLASH, None)
+
+    def __init__(self, function, x, y, i, j, op, settings):
+        """ Initialize CoordStmt class
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        function : string
+            function
+
+        x : float
+            X coordinate
+
+        y : float
+            Y coordinate
+
+        i : float
+            Coordinate offset in the X direction
+
+        j : float
+            Coordinate offset in the Y direction
+
+        op : string
+            Operation code
+
+        settings : dict {'zero_suppression', 'format'}
+            Gerber file coordinate format
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Statement : CoordStmt
+            Initialized CoordStmt class.
+
+        """
+        Statement.__init__(self, "COORD")
+        self.function = function
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+        self.i = i
+        self.j = j
+        self.op = op
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        ret = ''
+        if self.function:
+            ret += self.function
+        if self.x is not None:
+            ret += 'X{0}'.format(write_gerber_value(self.x, settings.format,
+                                                    settings.zero_suppression))
+        if self.y is not None:
+            ret += 'Y{0}'.format(write_gerber_value(self.y, settings.format,
+                                                    settings.zero_suppression))
+        if self.i is not None:
+            ret += 'I{0}'.format(write_gerber_value(self.i, settings.format,
+                                                    settings.zero_suppression))
+        if self.j is not None:
+            ret += 'J{0}'.format(write_gerber_value(self.j, settings.format,
+                                                    settings.zero_suppression))
+        if self.op:
+            ret += self.op
+        return ret + '*'
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units == 'metric':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            if self.x is not None:
+                self.x = inch(self.x)
+            if self.y is not None:
+                self.y = inch(self.y)
+            if self.i is not None:
+                self.i = inch(self.i)
+            if self.j is not None:
+                self.j = inch(self.j)
+            if self.function == "G71":
+                self.function = "G70"
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units == 'inch':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            if self.x is not None:
+                self.x = metric(self.x)
+            if self.y is not None:
+                self.y = metric(self.y)
+            if self.i is not None:
+                self.i = metric(self.i)
+            if self.j is not None:
+                self.j = metric(self.j)
+            if self.function == "G70":
+                self.function = "G71"
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):
+        if self.x is not None:
+            self.x += x_offset
+        if self.y is not None:
+            self.y += y_offset
+        if self.i is not None:
+            self.i += x_offset
+        if self.j is not None:
+            self.j += y_offset
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        coord_str = ''
+        if self.function:
+            coord_str += 'Fn: %s ' % self.function
+        if self.x is not None:
+            coord_str += 'X: %g ' % self.x
+        if self.y is not None:
+            coord_str += 'Y: %g ' % self.y
+        if self.i is not None:
+            coord_str += 'I: %g ' % self.i
+        if self.j is not None:
+            coord_str += 'J: %g ' % self.j
+        if self.op:
+            if self.op == 'D01':
+                op = 'Lights On'
+            elif self.op == 'D02':
+                op = 'Lights Off'
+            elif self.op == 'D03':
+                op = 'Flash'
+            else:
+                op = self.op
+            coord_str += 'Op: %s' % op
+
+        return '<Coordinate Statement: %s>' % coord_str
+
+    @property
+    def only_function(self):
+        """
+        Returns if the statement only set the function.
+        """
+
+        # TODO I would like to refactor this so that the function is handled separately and then
+        # TODO this isn't required
+        return self.function != None and self.op == None and self.x == None and self.y == None and self.i == None and self.j == None
+
+
+class ApertureStmt(Statement):
+    """ Aperture Statement
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, d, deprecated=None):
+        Statement.__init__(self, "APERTURE")
+        self.d = int(d)
+        self.deprecated = True if deprecated is not None and deprecated is not False else False
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        if self.deprecated:
+            return 'G54D{0}*'.format(self.d)
+        else:
+            return 'D{0}*'.format(self.d)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Aperture: %d>' % self.d
+
+
+class CommentStmt(Statement):
+    """ Comment Statment
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, comment):
+        Statement.__init__(self, "COMMENT")
+        self.comment = comment if comment is not None else ""
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G04{0}*'.format(self.comment)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Comment: %s>' % self.comment
+
+
+class EofStmt(Statement):
+    """ EOF Statement
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        Statement.__init__(self, "EOF")
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return 'M02*'
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<EOF Statement>'
+
+
+class QuadrantModeStmt(Statement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def single(cls):
+        return cls('single-quadrant')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def multi(cls):
+        return cls('multi-quadrant')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, line):
+        if 'G74' not in line and 'G75' not in line:
+            raise ValueError('%s is not a valid quadrant mode statement'
+                             % line)
+        return (cls('single-quadrant') if line[:3] == 'G74'
+                else cls('multi-quadrant'))
+
+    def __init__(self, mode):
+        super(QuadrantModeStmt, self).__init__('QuadrantMode')
+        mode = mode.lower()
+        if mode not in ['single-quadrant', 'multi-quadrant']:
+            raise ValueError('Quadrant mode must be "single-quadrant" \
+                             or "multi-quadrant"')
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G74*' if self.mode == 'single-quadrant' else 'G75*'
+
+
+class RegionModeStmt(Statement):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_gerber(cls, line):
+        if 'G36' not in line and 'G37' not in line:
+            raise ValueError('%s is not a valid region mode statement' % line)
+        return (cls('on') if line[:3] == 'G36' else cls('off'))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def on(cls):
+        return cls('on')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def off(cls):
+        return cls('off')
+
+    def __init__(self, mode):
+        super(RegionModeStmt, self).__init__('RegionMode')
+        mode = mode.lower()
+        if mode not in ['on', 'off']:
+            raise ValueError('Valid modes are "on" or "off"')
+        self.mode = mode
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return 'G36*' if self.mode == 'on' else 'G37*'
+
+
+class UnknownStmt(Statement):
+    """ Unknown Statement
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, line):
+        Statement.__init__(self, "UNKNOWN")
+        self.line = line
+
+    def to_gerber(self, settings=None):
+        return self.line
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<Unknown Statement: \'%s\'>' % self.line
diff --git a/gerber/ipc356.py b/gerber/ipc356.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9337a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/ipc356.py
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+# Modified from parser.py by Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import math
+import re
+from .cam import CamFile, FileSettings
+from .primitives import TestRecord
+
+# Net Name Variables
+_NNAME = re.compile(r'^NNAME\d+$')
+
+# Board Edge Coordinates
+_COORD = re.compile(r'X?(?P<x>[\d\s]*)?Y?(?P<y>[\d\s]*)?')
+
+_SM_FIELD = {
+    '0': 'none',
+    '1': 'primary side',
+    '2': 'secondary side',
+    '3': 'both'}
+
+
+def read(filename):
+    """ Read data from filename and return an IPCNetlist
+    Parameters
+        ----------
+    filename : string
+        Filename of file to parse
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : :class:`gerber.ipc356.IPCNetlist`
+        An IPCNetlist object created from the specified file.
+
+    """
+    # File object should use settings from source file by default.
+    return IPCNetlist.from_file(filename)
+
+
+def loads(data, filename=None):
+    """ Generate an IPCNetlist object from IPC-D-356 data in memory
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing netlist file contents
+
+    filename : string, optional
+        string containing the filename of the data source
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : :class:`gerber.ipc356.IPCNetlist`
+        An IPCNetlist created from the specified file.
+    """
+    return IPCNetlistParser().parse_raw(data, filename)
+
+
+class IPCNetlist(CamFile):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_file(cls, filename):
+        parser = IPCNetlistParser()
+        return parser.parse(filename)
+
+    def __init__(self, statements, settings, primitives=None, filename=None):
+        self.statements = statements
+        self.units = settings.units
+        self.angle_units = settings.angle_units
+        self.primitives = [TestRecord((rec.x_coord, rec.y_coord), rec.net_name,
+                                      rec.access) for rec in self.test_records]
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    @property
+    def settings(self):
+        return FileSettings(units=self.units, angle_units=self.angle_units)
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self):
+        return [record for record in self.statements
+                if isinstance(record, IPC356_Comment)]
+
+    @property
+    def parameters(self):
+        return [record for record in self.statements
+                if isinstance(record, IPC356_Parameter)]
+
+    @property
+    def test_records(self):
+        return [record for record in self.statements
+                if isinstance(record, IPC356_TestRecord)]
+
+    @property
+    def nets(self):
+        nets = []
+        for net in list(set([rec.net_name for rec in self.test_records
+                             if rec.net_name is not None])):
+            adjacent_nets = set()
+            for record in self.adjacency_records:
+                if record.net == net:
+                    adjacent_nets = adjacent_nets.update(record.adjacent_nets)
+                elif net in record.adjacent_nets:
+                    adjacent_nets.add(record.net)
+            nets.append(IPC356_Net(net, adjacent_nets))
+        return nets
+
+    @property
+    def components(self):
+        return list(set([rec.id for rec in self.test_records
+                         if rec.id is not None and rec.id != 'VIA']))
+
+    @property
+    def vias(self):
+        return [rec.id for rec in self.test_records if rec.id == 'VIA']
+
+    @property
+    def outlines(self):
+        return [stmt for stmt in self.statements
+                if isinstance(stmt, IPC356_Outline)]
+
+    @property
+    def adjacency_records(self):
+        return [record for record in self.statements
+                if isinstance(record, IPC356_Adjacency)]
+
+    def render(self, ctx, layer='both', filename=None):
+        for p in self.primitives:
+            if layer == 'both' and p.layer in ('top', 'bottom', 'both'):
+                ctx.render(p)
+            elif layer == 'top' and p.layer in ('top', 'both'):
+                ctx.render(p)
+            elif layer == 'bottom' and p.layer in ('bottom', 'both'):
+                ctx.render(p)
+        if filename is not None:
+            ctx.dump(filename)
+
+
+class IPCNetlistParser(object):
+    # TODO: Allow multi-line statements (e.g. Altium board edge)
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.units = 'inch'
+        self.angle_units = 'degrees'
+        self.statements = []
+        self.nnames = {}
+
+    @property
+    def settings(self):
+        return FileSettings(units=self.units, angle_units=self.angle_units)
+
+    def parse(self, filename):
+        with open(filename, 'rU') as f:
+            data = f.read()
+        return self.parse_raw(data, filename)
+
+    def parse_raw(self, data, filename=None):
+        oldline = ''
+        for line in data.splitlines():
+            # Check for existing multiline data...
+                if oldline != '':
+                    if len(line) and line[0] == '0':
+                        oldline = oldline.rstrip('\r\n') + line[3:].rstrip()
+                    else:
+                        self._parse_line(oldline)
+                        oldline = line
+                else:
+                    oldline = line
+        self._parse_line(oldline)
+
+        return IPCNetlist(self.statements, self.settings, filename=filename)
+
+    def _parse_line(self, line):
+        if not len(line):
+            return
+        if line[0] == 'C':
+            # Comment
+            self.statements.append(IPC356_Comment.from_line(line))
+
+        elif line[0] == 'P':
+            # Parameter
+            p = IPC356_Parameter.from_line(line)
+            if p.parameter == 'UNITS':
+                if p.value in ('CUST', 'CUST 0'):
+                    self.units = 'inch'
+                    self.angle_units = 'degrees'
+                elif p.value == 'CUST 1':
+                    self.units = 'metric'
+                    self.angle_units = 'degrees'
+                elif p.value == 'CUST 2':
+                    self.units = 'inch'
+                    self.angle_units = 'radians'
+            self.statements.append(p)
+            if _NNAME.match(p.parameter):
+                # Add to list of net name variables
+                self.nnames[p.parameter] = p.value
+
+        elif line[0] == '9':
+            self.statements.append(IPC356_EndOfFile())
+
+        elif line[0:3] in ('317', '327', '367'):
+            # Test Record
+            record = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(line, self.settings)
+
+            # Substitute net name variables
+            net = record.net_name
+            if (_NNAME.match(net) and net in self.nnames.keys()):
+                record.net_name = self.nnames[record.net_name]
+            self.statements.append(record)
+
+        elif line[0:3] == '378':
+            # Conductor
+            self.statements.append(
+                IPC356_Conductor.from_line(
+                    line, self.settings))
+
+        elif line[0:3] == '379':
+            # Net Adjacency
+            self.statements.append(IPC356_Adjacency.from_line(line))
+
+        elif line[0:3] == '389':
+            # Outline
+            self.statements.append(
+                IPC356_Outline.from_line(
+                    line, self.settings))
+
+
+class IPC356_Comment(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line):
+        if line[0] != 'C':
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid comment statment')
+        comment = line[2:].strip()
+        return cls(comment)
+
+    def __init__(self, comment):
+        self.comment = comment
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 Comment: %s>' % self.comment
+
+
+class IPC356_Parameter(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line):
+        if line[0] != 'P':
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid parameter statment')
+        splitline = line[2:].split()
+        parameter = splitline[0].strip()
+        value = ' '.join(splitline[1:]).strip()
+        return cls(parameter, value)
+
+    def __init__(self, parameter, value):
+        self.parameter = parameter
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 Parameter: %s=%s>' % (self.parameter, self.value)
+
+
+class IPC356_TestRecord(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line, settings):
+        offset = 0
+        units = settings.units
+        angle = settings.angle_units
+        feature_types = {'1': 'through-hole', '2': 'smt',
+                         '3': 'tooling-feature', '4': 'tooling-hole',
+                         '6': 'non-plated-tooling-hole'}
+        access = ['both', 'top', 'layer2', 'layer3', 'layer4', 'layer5',
+                  'layer6', 'layer7', 'bottom']
+        record = {}
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line[0] != '3':
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid test record statment')
+        record['feature_type'] = feature_types[line[1]]
+
+        end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < 18 else 17
+        record['net_name'] = line[3:end].strip()
+
+        if len(line) >= 27 and line[26] != '-':
+            offset = line[26:].find('-')
+            offset = 0 if offset == -1 else offset
+        end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (27 + offset) else (26 + offset)
+        record['id'] = line[20:end].strip()
+
+        end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (32 + offset) else (31 + offset)
+        record['pin'] = (line[27 + offset:end].strip() if line[27 + offset:end].strip() != ''
+                         else None)
+
+        record['location'] = 'middle' if line[31 + offset] == 'M' else 'end'
+        if line[32 + offset] == 'D':
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (38 + offset) else (37 + offset)
+            dia = int(line[33 + offset:end].strip())
+            record['hole_diameter'] = (dia * 0.0001 if units == 'inch'
+                                       else dia * 0.001)
+        if len(line) >= (38 + offset):
+            record['plated'] = (line[37 + offset] == 'P')
+
+        if len(line) >= (40 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (42 + offset) else (41 + offset)
+            record['access'] = access[int(line[39 + offset:end])]
+
+        if len(line) >= (43 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (50 + offset) else (49 + offset)
+            coord = int(line[42 + offset:end].strip())
+            record['x_coord'] = (coord * 0.0001 if units == 'inch'
+                                 else coord * 0.001)
+
+        if len(line) >= (51 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (58 + offset) else (57 + offset)
+            coord = int(line[50 + offset:end].strip())
+            record['y_coord'] = (coord * 0.0001 if units == 'inch'
+                                 else coord * 0.001)
+
+        if len(line) >= (59 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (63 + offset) else (62 + offset)
+            dim = line[58 + offset:end].strip()
+            if dim != '':
+                record['rect_x'] = (int(dim) * 0.0001 if units == 'inch'
+                                    else int(dim) * 0.001)
+
+        if len(line) >= (64 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (68 + offset) else (67 + offset)
+            dim = line[63 + offset:end].strip()
+            if dim != '':
+                record['rect_y'] = (int(dim) * 0.0001 if units == 'inch'
+                                    else int(dim) * 0.001)
+
+        if len(line) >= (69 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (72 + offset) else (71 + offset)
+            rot = line[68 + offset:end].strip()
+            if rot != '':
+                record['rect_rotation'] = (int(rot) if angle == 'degrees'
+                                           else math.degrees(rot))
+
+        if len(line) >= (74 + offset):
+            end = 74 + offset
+            sm_info = line[73 + offset:end].strip()
+            record['soldermask_info'] = _SM_FIELD.get(sm_info)
+
+        if len(line) >= (76 + offset):
+            end = len(line) - 1 if len(line) < (80 + offset) else 79 + offset
+            record['optional_info'] = line[75 + offset:end]
+
+        return cls(**record)
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        for key in kwargs:
+            setattr(self, key, kwargs[key])
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 %s Test Record: %s>' % (self.net_name,
+                                                   self.feature_type)
+
+
+class IPC356_Outline(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line, settings):
+        type = line[3:17].strip()
+        scale = 0.0001 if settings.units == 'inch' else 0.001
+        points = []
+        x = 0
+        y = 0
+        coord_strings = line.strip().split()[1:]
+        for coord in coord_strings:
+            coord_dict = _COORD.match(coord).groupdict()
+            x = int(coord_dict['x']) if coord_dict['x'] is not '' else x
+            y = int(coord_dict['y']) if coord_dict['y'] is not '' else y
+            points.append((x * scale, y * scale))
+        return cls(type, points)
+
+    def __init__(self, type, points):
+        self.type = type
+        self.points = points
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 %s Outline Definition>' % self.type
+
+
+class IPC356_Conductor(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line, settings):
+        if line[0:3] != '378':
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid IPC-D-356 Conductor statement')
+
+        scale = 0.0001 if settings.units == 'inch' else 0.001
+        net_name = line[3:17].strip()
+        layer = int(line[19:21])
+
+        # Parse out aperture definiting
+        raw_aperture = line[22:].split()[0]
+        aperture_dict = _COORD.match(raw_aperture).groupdict()
+        x = 0
+        y = 0
+        x = int(aperture_dict['x']) * \
+            scale if aperture_dict['x'] is not '' else None
+        y = int(aperture_dict['y']) * \
+            scale if aperture_dict['y'] is not '' else None
+        aperture = (x, y)
+
+        # Parse out conductor shapes
+        shapes = []
+        coord_list = ' '.join(line[22:].split()[1:])
+        raw_shapes = coord_list.split('*')
+        for rshape in raw_shapes:
+            x = 0
+            y = 0
+            shape = []
+            coords = rshape.split()
+            for coord in coords:
+                coord_dict = _COORD.match(coord).groupdict()
+                x = int(coord_dict['x']) if coord_dict['x'] is not '' else x
+                y = int(coord_dict['y']) if coord_dict['y'] is not '' else y
+                shape.append((x * scale, y * scale))
+            shapes.append(tuple(shape))
+        return cls(net_name, layer, aperture, tuple(shapes))
+
+    def __init__(self, net_name, layer, aperture, shapes):
+        self.net_name = net_name
+        self.layer = layer
+        self.aperture = aperture
+        self.shapes = shapes
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 %s Conductor Record>' % self.net_name
+
+
+class IPC356_Adjacency(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_line(cls, line):
+        if line[0:3] != '379':
+            raise ValueError('Not a valid IPC-D-356 Conductor statement')
+        nets = line[3:].strip().split()
+
+        return cls(nets[0], nets[1:])
+
+    def __init__(self, net, adjacent_nets):
+        self.net = net
+        self.adjacent_nets = adjacent_nets
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 %s Adjacency Record>' % self.net
+
+
+class IPC356_EndOfFile(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def to_netlist(self):
+        return '999'
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 EOF>'
+
+
+class IPC356_Net(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, adjacent_nets):
+        self.name = name
+        self.adjacent_nets = set(
+            adjacent_nets) if adjacent_nets is not None else set()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<IPC-D-356 Net %s>' % self.name
diff --git a/gerber/layers.py b/gerber/layers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69e1c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/layers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

+

+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>

+#

+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+# You may obtain a copy of the License at

+

+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+

+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+# limitations under the License.

+

+import os

+import re

+from collections import namedtuple

+

+from . import common

+from .excellon import ExcellonFile

+from .ipc356 import IPCNetlist

+

+

+Hint = namedtuple('Hint', 'layer ext name regex content')

+

+hints = [

+    Hint(layer='top',

+         ext=['gtl', 'cmp', 'top', ],

+         name=['art01', 'top', 'GTL', 'layer1', 'soldcom', 'comp', 'F.Cu', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='bottom',

+         ext=['gbl', 'sld', 'bot', 'sol', 'bottom', ],

+         name=['art02', 'bottom', 'bot', 'GBL', 'layer2', 'soldsold', 'B.Cu', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='internal',

+         ext=['in', 'gt1', 'gt2', 'gt3', 'gt4', 'gt5', 'gt6',

+              'g1', 'g2', 'g3', 'g4', 'g5', 'g6', ],

+         name=['art', 'internal', 'pgp', 'pwr', 'gnd', 'ground',

+               'gp1', 'gp2', 'gp3', 'gp4', 'gt5', 'gp6',

+               'In1.Cu', 'In2.Cu', 'In3.Cu', 'In4.Cu',

+               'group3', 'group4', 'group5', 'group6', 'group7', 'group8', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='topsilk',

+         ext=['gto', 'sst', 'plc', 'ts', 'skt', 'topsilk', ],

+         name=['sst01', 'topsilk', 'silk', 'slk', 'sst', 'F.SilkS'],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='bottomsilk',

+         ext=['gbo', 'ssb', 'pls', 'bs', 'skb', 'bottomsilk', ],

+         name=['bsilk', 'ssb', 'botsilk', 'bottomsilk', 'B.SilkS'],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='topmask',

+         ext=['gts', 'stc', 'tmk', 'smt', 'tr', 'topmask', ],

+         name=['sm01', 'cmask', 'tmask', 'mask1', 'maskcom', 'topmask',

+               'mst', 'F.Mask', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='bottommask',

+         ext=['gbs', 'sts', 'bmk', 'smb', 'br', 'bottommask', ],

+         name=['sm', 'bmask', 'mask2', 'masksold', 'botmask', 'bottommask',

+               'msb', 'B.Mask', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='toppaste',

+         ext=['gtp', 'tm', 'toppaste', ],

+         name=['sp01', 'toppaste', 'pst', 'F.Paste'],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='bottompaste',

+         ext=['gbp', 'bm', 'bottompaste', ],

+         name=['sp02', 'botpaste', 'bottompaste', 'psb', 'B.Paste', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='outline',

+         ext=['gko', 'outline', ],

+         name=['BDR', 'border', 'out', 'outline', 'Edge.Cuts', ],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='ipc_netlist',

+         ext=['ipc'],

+         name=[],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+    Hint(layer='drawing',

+         ext=['fab'],

+         name=['assembly drawing', 'assembly', 'fabrication',

+               'fab drawing', 'fab'],

+         regex='',

+         content=[]

+         ),

+]

+

+

+def layer_signatures(layer_class):

+    for hint in hints:

+        if hint.layer == layer_class:

+            return hint.ext + hint.name

+    return []

+

+

+def load_layer(filename):

+    return PCBLayer.from_cam(common.read(filename))

+

+

+def load_layer_data(data, filename=None):

+    return PCBLayer.from_cam(common.loads(data, filename))

+

+

+def guess_layer_class(filename):

+    try:

+        layer = guess_layer_class_by_content(filename)

+        if layer:

+            return layer

+    except:

+        pass

+

+    try:

+        directory, filename = os.path.split(filename)

+        name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename.lower())

+        for hint in hints:

+            if hint.regex:

+                if re.findall(hint.regex, filename, re.IGNORECASE):

+                    return hint.layer

+

+            patterns = [r'^(\w*[.-])*{}([.-]\w*)?$'.format(x) for x in hint.name]

+            if ext[1:] in hint.ext or any(re.findall(p, name, re.IGNORECASE) for p in patterns):

+                return hint.layer

+    except:

+        pass

+    return 'unknown'

+

+

+def guess_layer_class_by_content(filename):

+    try:

+        file = open(filename, 'r')

+        for line in file:

+            for hint in hints:

+                if len(hint.content) > 0:

+                    patterns = [r'^(.*){}(.*)$'.format(x) for x in hint.content]

+                    if any(re.findall(p, line, re.IGNORECASE) for p in patterns):

+                        return hint.layer

+    except:

+        pass

+

+    return False

+

+

+def sort_layers(layers, from_top=True):

+    layer_order = ['outline', 'toppaste', 'topsilk', 'topmask', 'top',

+                   'internal', 'bottom', 'bottommask', 'bottomsilk',

+                   'bottompaste']

+    append_after = ['drill', 'drawing']

+

+    output = []

+    drill_layers = [layer for layer in layers if layer.layer_class == 'drill']

+    internal_layers = list(sorted([layer for layer in layers

+                                   if layer.layer_class == 'internal']))

+

+    for layer_class in layer_order:

+        if layer_class == 'internal':

+            output += internal_layers

+        elif layer_class == 'drill':

+            output += drill_layers

+        else:

+            for layer in layers:

+                if layer.layer_class == layer_class:

+                    output.append(layer)

+    if not from_top:

+        output = list(reversed(output))

+

+    for layer_class in append_after:

+        for layer in layers:

+            if layer.layer_class == layer_class:

+                output.append(layer)

+    return output

+

+

+class PCBLayer(object):

+    """ Base class for PCB Layers

+

+    Parameters

+    ----------

+    source : CAMFile

+        CAMFile representing the layer

+

+

+    Attributes

+    ----------

+    filename : string

+        Source Filename

+

+    """

+    @classmethod

+    def from_cam(cls, camfile):

+        filename = camfile.filename

+        layer_class = guess_layer_class(filename)

+        if isinstance(camfile, ExcellonFile) or (layer_class == 'drill'):

+            return DrillLayer.from_cam(camfile)

+        elif layer_class == 'internal':

+            return InternalLayer.from_cam(camfile)

+        if isinstance(camfile, IPCNetlist):

+            layer_class = 'ipc_netlist'

+        return cls(filename, layer_class, camfile)

+

+    def __init__(self, filename=None, layer_class=None, cam_source=None, **kwargs):

+        super(PCBLayer, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        self.filename = filename

+        self.layer_class = layer_class

+        self.cam_source = cam_source

+        self.surface = None

+        self.primitives = cam_source.primitives if cam_source is not None else []

+

+    @property

+    def bounds(self):

+        if self.cam_source is not None:

+            return self.cam_source.bounds

+        else:

+            return None

+

+    def __repr__(self):

+        return '<PCBLayer: {}>'.format(self.layer_class)

+

+

+class DrillLayer(PCBLayer):

+    @classmethod

+    def from_cam(cls, camfile):

+        return cls(camfile.filename, camfile)

+

+    def __init__(self, filename=None, cam_source=None, layers=None, **kwargs):

+        super(DrillLayer, self).__init__(filename, 'drill', cam_source, **kwargs)

+        self.layers = layers if layers is not None else ['top', 'bottom']

+

+

+class InternalLayer(PCBLayer):

+

+    @classmethod

+    def from_cam(cls, camfile):

+        filename = camfile.filename

+        try:

+            order = int(re.search(r'\d+', filename).group())

+        except AttributeError:

+            order = 0

+        return cls(filename, camfile, order)

+

+    def __init__(self, filename=None, cam_source=None, order=0, **kwargs):

+        super(InternalLayer, self).__init__(filename, 'internal', cam_source, **kwargs)

+        self.order = order

+

+    def __eq__(self, other):

+        if not hasattr(other, 'order'):

+            raise TypeError()

+        return (self.order == other.order)

+

+    def __ne__(self, other):

+        if not hasattr(other, 'order'):

+            raise TypeError()

+        return (self.order != other.order)

+

+    def __gt__(self, other):

+        if not hasattr(other, 'order'):

+            raise TypeError()

+        return (self.order > other.order)

+

+    def __lt__(self, other):

+        if not hasattr(other, 'order'):

+            raise TypeError()

+        return (self.order < other.order)

+

+    def __ge__(self, other):

+        if not hasattr(other, 'order'):

+            raise TypeError()

+        return (self.order >= other.order)

+

+    def __le__(self, other):

+        if not hasattr(other, 'order'):

+            raise TypeError()

+        return (self.order <= other.order)

diff --git a/gerber/ncparam/allegro.py b/gerber/ncparam/allegro.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a67bcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/ncparam/allegro.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2015 Garret Fick <garret@ficksworkshop.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Allegro File module
+====================
+**Excellon file classes**
+
+Extra parsers for allegro misc files that can be useful when the Excellon file doesn't contain parameter information
+"""
+
diff --git a/gerber/operations.py b/gerber/operations.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d06876e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/operations.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2015 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+CAM File Operations
+===================
+**Transformations and other operations performed on Gerber and Excellon files**
+
+"""
+import copy
+
+
+def to_inch(cam_file):
+    """ Convert Gerber or Excellon file units to imperial
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        Gerber or Excellon file to convert
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        A deep copy of the source file with units converted to imperial.
+    """
+    cam_file = copy.deepcopy(cam_file)
+    cam_file.to_inch()
+    return cam_file
+
+
+def to_metric(cam_file):
+    """ Convert Gerber or Excellon file units to metric
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        Gerber or Excellon file to convert
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        A deep copy of the source file with units converted to metric.
+    """
+    cam_file = copy.deepcopy(cam_file)
+    cam_file.to_metric()
+    return cam_file
+
+
+def offset(cam_file, x_offset, y_offset):
+    """ Offset a Cam file by a specified amount in the X and Y directions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        Gerber or Excellon file to offset
+
+    x_offset : float
+        Amount to offset the file in the X direction
+
+    y_offset : float
+        Amount to offset the file in the Y direction
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        An offset deep copy of the source file.
+    """
+    cam_file = copy.deepcopy(cam_file)
+    cam_file.offset(x_offset, y_offset)
+    return cam_file
+
+
+def scale(cam_file, x_scale, y_scale):
+    """ Scale a Cam file by a specified amount in the X and Y directions.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        Gerber or Excellon file to scale
+
+    x_scale : float
+        X-axis scale factor
+
+    y_scale : float
+        Y-axis scale factor
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        An scaled deep copy of the source file.
+    """
+    # TODO
+    pass
+
+
+def rotate(cam_file, angle):
+    """ Rotate a Cam file a specified amount about the origin.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        Gerber or Excellon file to rotate
+
+    angle : float
+        Angle to rotate the file in degrees.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    cam_file : :class:`gerber.cam.CamFile` subclass
+        An rotated deep copy of the source file.
+    """
+    # TODO
+    pass
diff --git a/gerber/pcb.py b/gerber/pcb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d22e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/pcb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2015 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import os
+from .exceptions import ParseError
+from .layers import PCBLayer, sort_layers, layer_signatures
+from .common import read as gerber_read
+from .utils import listdir
+
+
+class PCB(object):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_directory(cls, directory, board_name=None, verbose=False):
+        layers = []
+        names = set()
+
+        # Validate
+        directory = os.path.abspath(directory)
+        if not os.path.isdir(directory):
+            raise TypeError('{} is not a directory.'.format(directory))
+
+        # Load gerber files
+        for filename in listdir(directory, True, True):
+            try:
+                camfile = gerber_read(os.path.join(directory, filename))
+                layer = PCBLayer.from_cam(camfile)
+                layers.append(layer)
+                name = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
+                if len(os.path.splitext(filename)) > 1:
+                    _name, ext = os.path.splitext(name)
+                    if ext[1:] in layer_signatures(layer.layer_class):
+                        name = _name
+                    if layer.layer_class == 'drill' and 'drill' in ext:
+                        name = _name
+                names.add(name)
+                if verbose:
+                    print('[PCB]: Added {} layer <{}>'.format(layer.layer_class,
+                                                              filename))
+            except ParseError:
+                if verbose:
+                    print('[PCB]: Skipping file {}'.format(filename))
+            except IOError:
+                if verbose:
+                    print('[PCB]: Skipping file {}'.format(filename))
+
+        # Try to guess board name
+        if board_name is None:
+            if len(names) == 1:
+                board_name = names.pop()
+            else:
+                board_name = os.path.basename(directory)
+        # Return PCB
+        return cls(layers, board_name)
+
+    def __init__(self, layers, name=None):
+        self.layers = sort_layers(layers)
+        self.name = name
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.layers)
+
+    @property
+    def top_layers(self):
+        board_layers = [l for l in reversed(self.layers) if l.layer_class in
+                        ('topsilk', 'topmask', 'top')]
+        drill_layers = [l for l in self.drill_layers if 'top' in l.layers]
+        # Drill layer goes under soldermask for proper rendering of tented vias
+        return [board_layers[0]] + drill_layers + board_layers[1:]
+
+    @property
+    def bottom_layers(self):
+        board_layers = [l for l in self.layers if l.layer_class in
+                        ('bottomsilk', 'bottommask', 'bottom')]
+        drill_layers = [l for l in self.drill_layers if 'bottom' in l.layers]
+        # Drill layer goes under soldermask for proper rendering of tented vias
+        return [board_layers[0]] + drill_layers + board_layers[1:]
+
+    @property
+    def drill_layers(self):
+        return [l for l in self.layers if l.layer_class == 'drill']
+
+    @property
+    def copper_layers(self):
+        return list(reversed([layer for layer in self.layers if
+                              layer.layer_class in
+                              ('top', 'bottom', 'internal')]))
+
+    @property
+    def outline_layer(self):
+        for layer in self.layers:
+            if layer.layer_class == 'outline':
+                return layer
+
+    @property
+    def layer_count(self):
+        """ Number of *COPPER* layers
+        """
+        return len([l for l in self.layers if l.layer_class in
+                    ('top', 'bottom', 'internal')])
+
+    @property
+    def board_bounds(self):
+        for layer in self.layers:
+            if layer.layer_class == 'outline':
+                return layer.bounds
+        for layer in self.layers:
+            if layer.layer_class == 'top':
+                return layer.bounds
diff --git a/gerber/primitives.py b/gerber/primitives.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..757f117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/primitives.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1697 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

+

+# copyright 2016 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>

+

+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+# You may obtain a copy of the License at

+

+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+

+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+# limitations under the License.

+

+

+import math

+from operator import add

+from itertools import combinations

+from .utils import validate_coordinates, inch, metric, convex_hull

+from .utils import rotate_point, nearly_equal

+

+

+

+

+class Primitive(object):

+    """ Base class for all Cam file primitives

+

+    Parameters

+    ---------

+    level_polarity : string

+        Polarity of the parameter. May be 'dark' or 'clear'. Dark indicates

+        a "positive" primitive, i.e. indicating where coppper should remain,

+        and clear indicates a negative primitive, such as where copper should

+        be removed. clear primitives are often used to create cutouts in region

+        pours.

+

+    rotation : float

+        Rotation of a primitive about its origin in degrees. Positive rotation

+        is counter-clockwise as viewed from the board top.

+

+    units : string

+        Units in which primitive was defined. 'inch' or 'metric'

+

+    net_name : string

+        Name of the electrical net the primitive belongs to

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, level_polarity='dark', rotation=0, units=None, net_name=None):

+        self.level_polarity = level_polarity

+        self.net_name = net_name

+        self._to_convert = list()

+        self._memoized = list()

+        self._units = units

+        self._rotation = rotation

+        self._cos_theta = math.cos(math.radians(rotation))

+        self._sin_theta = math.sin(math.radians(rotation))

+        self._bounding_box = None

+        self._vertices = None

+        self._segments = None

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        '''Is this a flashed primitive'''

+        raise NotImplementedError('Is flashed must be '

+                                  'implemented in subclass')

+

+    def __eq__(self, other):

+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__

+

+    @property

+    def units(self):

+        return self._units

+

+    @units.setter

+    def units(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._units = value

+

+    @property

+    def rotation(self):

+        return self._rotation

+

+    @rotation.setter

+    def rotation(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._rotation = value

+        self._cos_theta = math.cos(math.radians(value))

+        self._sin_theta = math.sin(math.radians(value))

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+        return None

+

+    @property

+    def segments(self):

+        if self._segments is None:

+            if self.vertices is not None and len(self.vertices):

+                self._segments = [segment for segment in

+                                  combinations(self.vertices, 2)]

+        return self._segments

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        """ Calculate axis-aligned bounding box

+

+        will be helpful for sweep & prune during DRC clearance checks.

+

+        Return ((min x, max x), (min y, max y))

+        """

+        raise NotImplementedError('Bounding box calculation must be '

+                                  'implemented in subclass')

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box_no_aperture(self):

+        """ Calculate bouxing box without considering the aperture

+

+        for most objects, this is the same as the bounding_box, but is different for

+        Lines and Arcs (which are not flashed)

+

+        Return ((min x, max x), (min y, max y))

+        """

+        return self.bounding_box

+

+    def to_inch(self):

+        """ Convert primitive units to inches.

+        """

+        if self.units == 'metric':

+            self.units = 'inch'

+            for attr, value in [(attr, getattr(self, attr))

+                                for attr in self._to_convert]:

+                if hasattr(value, 'to_inch'):

+                    value.to_inch()

+                else:

+                    try:

+                        if len(value) > 1:

+                            if hasattr(value[0], 'to_inch'):

+                                for v in value:

+                                    v.to_inch()

+                            elif isinstance(value[0], tuple):

+                                setattr(self, attr,

+                                        [tuple(map(inch, point))

+                                         for point in value])

+                            else:

+                                setattr(self, attr, tuple(map(inch, value)))

+                    except:

+                        if value is not None:

+                            setattr(self, attr, inch(value))

+

+    def to_metric(self):

+        """ Convert primitive units to metric.

+        """

+        if self.units == 'inch':

+            self.units = 'metric'

+            for attr, value in [(attr, getattr(self, attr))

+                                for attr in self._to_convert]:

+                if hasattr(value, 'to_metric'):

+                    value.to_metric()

+                else:

+                    try:

+                        if len(value) > 1:

+                            if hasattr(value[0], 'to_metric'):

+                                for v in value:

+                                    v.to_metric()

+                            elif isinstance(value[0], tuple):

+                                setattr(self, attr,

+                                        [tuple(map(metric, point))

+                                         for point in value])

+                            else:

+                                setattr(self, attr, tuple(map(metric, value)))

+                    except:

+                        if value is not None:

+                            setattr(self, attr, metric(value))

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        """ Move the primitive by the specified x and y offset amount.

+

+        values are specified in the primitive's native units

+        """

+        if hasattr(self, 'position'):

+            self._changed()

+            self.position = tuple([coord + offset for coord, offset

+                                   in zip(self.position,

+                                          (x_offset, y_offset))])

+

+    def to_statement(self):

+        pass

+

+    def _changed(self):

+        """ Clear memoized properties.

+

+        Forces a recalculation next time any memoized propery is queried.

+        This must be called from a subclass every time a parameter that affects

+        a memoized property is changed. The easiest way to do this is to call

+        _changed() from property.setter methods.

+        """

+        self._bounding_box = None

+        self._vertices = None

+        self._segments = None

+        for attr in self._memoized:

+            setattr(self, attr, None)

+

+class Line(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, start, end, aperture, level_polarity=None, **kwargs):

+        super(Line, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        self.level_polarity = level_polarity

+        self._start = start

+        self._end = end

+        self.aperture = aperture

+        self._to_convert = ['start', 'end', 'aperture']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return False

+

+    @property

+    def start(self):

+        return self._start

+

+    @start.setter

+    def start(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._start = value

+

+    @property

+    def end(self):

+        return self._end

+

+    @end.setter

+    def end(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._end = value

+

+    @property

+    def angle(self):

+        delta_x, delta_y = tuple(

+            [end - start for end, start in zip(self.end, self.start)])

+        angle = math.atan2(delta_y, delta_x)

+        return angle

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            if isinstance(self.aperture, Circle):

+                width_2 = self.aperture.radius

+                height_2 = width_2

+            else:

+                width_2 = self.aperture.width / 2.

+                height_2 = self.aperture.height / 2.

+            min_x = min(self.start[0], self.end[0]) - width_2

+            max_x = max(self.start[0], self.end[0]) + width_2

+            min_y = min(self.start[1], self.end[1]) - height_2

+            max_y = max(self.start[1], self.end[1]) + height_2

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box_no_aperture(self):

+        '''Gets the bounding box without the aperture'''

+        min_x = min(self.start[0], self.end[0])

+        max_x = max(self.start[0], self.end[0])

+        min_y = min(self.start[1], self.end[1])

+        max_y = max(self.start[1], self.end[1])

+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+        if self._vertices is None:

+            start = self.start

+            end = self.end

+            if isinstance(self.aperture, Rectangle):

+                width = self.aperture.width

+                height = self.aperture.height

+

+                # Find all the corners of the start and end position

+                start_ll = (start[0] - (width / 2.), start[1] - (height / 2.))

+                start_lr = (start[0] + (width / 2.), start[1] - (height / 2.))

+                start_ul = (start[0] - (width / 2.), start[1] + (height / 2.))

+                start_ur = (start[0] + (width / 2.), start[1] + (height / 2.))

+                end_ll = (end[0] - (width / 2.), end[1] - (height / 2.))

+                end_lr = (end[0] + (width / 2.), end[1] - (height / 2.))

+                end_ul = (end[0] - (width / 2.), end[1] + (height / 2.))

+                end_ur = (end[0] + (width / 2.), end[1] + (height / 2.))

+

+                # The line is defined by the convex hull of the points

+                self._vertices = convex_hull((start_ll, start_lr, start_ul, start_ur, end_ll, end_lr, end_ul, end_ur))

+            elif isinstance(self.aperture, Polygon):

+                points = [map(add, point, vertex)

+                          for vertex in self.aperture.vertices

+                          for point in (start, end)]

+                self._vertices = convex_hull(points)

+        return self._vertices

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self._changed()

+        self.start = tuple([coord + offset for coord, offset

+                            in zip(self.start, (x_offset, y_offset))])

+        self.end = tuple([coord + offset for coord, offset

+                          in zip(self.end, (x_offset, y_offset))])

+

+    def equivalent(self, other, offset):

+

+        if not isinstance(other, Line):

+            return False

+

+        equiv_start = tuple(map(add, other.start, offset))

+        equiv_end = tuple(map(add, other.end, offset))

+

+

+        return nearly_equal(self.start, equiv_start) and nearly_equal(self.end, equiv_end)

+

+    def __str__(self):

+        return "<Line {} to {}>".format(self.start, self.end)

+

+    def __repr__(self):

+        return str(self)

+

+class Arc(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, start, end, center, direction, aperture, quadrant_mode,

+            level_polarity=None, **kwargs):

+        super(Arc, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        self.level_polarity = level_polarity

+        self._start = start

+        self._end = end

+        self._center = center

+        self.direction = direction

+        self.aperture = aperture

+        self._quadrant_mode = quadrant_mode

+        self._to_convert = ['start', 'end', 'center', 'aperture']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return False

+

+    @property

+    def start(self):

+        return self._start

+

+    @start.setter

+    def start(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._start = value

+

+    @property

+    def end(self):

+        return self._end

+

+    @end.setter

+    def end(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._end = value

+

+    @property

+    def center(self):

+        return self._center

+

+    @center.setter

+    def center(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._center = value

+

+    @property

+    def quadrant_mode(self):

+        return self._quadrant_mode

+

+    @quadrant_mode.setter

+    def quadrant_mode(self, quadrant_mode):

+        self._changed()

+        self._quadrant_mode = quadrant_mode

+

+    @property

+    def radius(self):

+        dy, dx = tuple([start - center for start, center

+                        in zip(self.start, self.center)])

+        return math.sqrt(dy ** 2 + dx ** 2)

+

+    @property

+    def start_angle(self):

+        dx, dy = tuple([start - center for start, center

+                        in zip(self.start, self.center)])

+        return math.atan2(dy, dx)

+

+    @property

+    def end_angle(self):

+        dx, dy = tuple([end - center for end, center

+                        in zip(self.end, self.center)])

+        return math.atan2(dy, dx)

+

+    @property

+    def sweep_angle(self):

+        two_pi = 2 * math.pi

+        theta0 = (self.start_angle + two_pi) % two_pi

+        theta1 = (self.end_angle + two_pi) % two_pi

+        if self.direction == 'counterclockwise':

+            return abs(theta1 - theta0)

+        else:

+            theta0 += two_pi

+            return abs(theta0 - theta1) % two_pi

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            two_pi = 2 * math.pi

+            theta0 = (self.start_angle + two_pi) % two_pi

+            theta1 = (self.end_angle + two_pi) % two_pi

+            points = [self.start, self.end]

+            if self.quadrant_mode == 'multi-quadrant':

+                if self.direction == 'counterclockwise':

+                    # Passes through 0 degrees

+                    if theta0 >= theta1:

+                        points.append((self.center[0] + self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                    # Passes through 90 degrees

+                    if (((theta0 <= math.pi / 2.) and ((theta1 >= math.pi / 2.) or (theta1 <= theta0)))

+                        or ((theta1 > math.pi / 2.) and (theta1 <= theta0))):

+                        points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] + self.radius))

+                    # Passes through 180 degrees

+                    if ((theta0 <= math.pi and (theta1 >= math.pi or theta1 <= theta0))

+                        or ((theta1 > math.pi) and (theta1 <= theta0))):

+                        points.append((self.center[0] - self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                    # Passes through 270 degrees

+                    if (theta0 <= math.pi * 1.5 and (theta1 >= math.pi * 1.5 or theta1 <= theta0)

+                        or ((theta1 > math.pi * 1.5) and (theta1 <= theta0))):

+                        points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] - self.radius))

+                else:

+                    # Passes through 0 degrees

+                    if theta1 >= theta0:

+                        points.append((self.center[0] + self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                    # Passes through 90 degrees

+                    if (((theta1 <= math.pi / 2.) and (theta0 >= math.pi / 2. or theta0 <= theta1))

+                        or ((theta0 > math.pi / 2.) and (theta0 <= theta1))):

+                        points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] + self.radius))

+                    # Passes through 180 degrees

+                    if (((theta1 <= math.pi) and (theta0 >= math.pi or theta0 <= theta1))

+                        or ((theta0 > math.pi) and (theta0 <= theta1))):

+                        points.append((self.center[0] - self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                    # Passes through 270 degrees

+                    if (((theta1 <= math.pi * 1.5) and (theta0 >= math.pi * 1.5 or theta0 <= theta1))

+                        or ((theta0 > math.pi * 1.5) and (theta0 <= theta1))):

+                        points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] - self.radius))

+            x, y = zip(*points)

+            if hasattr(self.aperture, 'radius'):

+                min_x = min(x) - self.aperture.radius

+                max_x = max(x) + self.aperture.radius

+                min_y = min(y) - self.aperture.radius

+                max_y = max(y) + self.aperture.radius

+            else:

+                min_x = min(x) - self.aperture.width

+                max_x = max(x) + self.aperture.width

+                min_y = min(y) - self.aperture.height

+                max_y = max(y) + self.aperture.height

+

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box_no_aperture(self):

+        '''Gets the bounding box without considering the aperture'''

+        two_pi = 2 * math.pi

+        theta0 = (self.start_angle + two_pi) % two_pi

+        theta1 = (self.end_angle + two_pi) % two_pi

+        points = [self.start, self.end]

+        if self.quadrant_mode == 'multi-quadrant':

+            if self.direction == 'counterclockwise':

+                # Passes through 0 degrees

+                if theta0 >= theta1:

+                    points.append((self.center[0] + self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                # Passes through 90 degrees

+                if (((theta0 <= math.pi / 2.) and (

+                    (theta1 >= math.pi / 2.) or (theta1 <= theta0)))

+                    or ((theta1 > math.pi / 2.) and (theta1 <= theta0))):

+                    points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] + self.radius))

+                # Passes through 180 degrees

+                if ((theta0 <= math.pi and (theta1 >= math.pi or theta1 <= theta0))

+                    or ((theta1 > math.pi) and (theta1 <= theta0))):

+                    points.append((self.center[0] - self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                # Passes through 270 degrees

+                if (theta0 <= math.pi * 1.5 and (

+                        theta1 >= math.pi * 1.5 or theta1 <= theta0)

+                    or ((theta1 > math.pi * 1.5) and (theta1 <= theta0))):

+                    points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] - self.radius))

+            else:

+                # Passes through 0 degrees

+                if theta1 >= theta0:

+                    points.append((self.center[0] + self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                # Passes through 90 degrees

+                if (((theta1 <= math.pi / 2.) and (

+                        theta0 >= math.pi / 2. or theta0 <= theta1))

+                    or ((theta0 > math.pi / 2.) and (theta0 <= theta1))):

+                    points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] + self.radius))

+                # Passes through 180 degrees

+                if (((theta1 <= math.pi) and (theta0 >= math.pi or theta0 <= theta1))

+                    or ((theta0 > math.pi) and (theta0 <= theta1))):

+                    points.append((self.center[0] - self.radius, self.center[1]))

+                # Passes through 270 degrees

+                if (((theta1 <= math.pi * 1.5) and (

+                        theta0 >= math.pi * 1.5 or theta0 <= theta1))

+                    or ((theta0 > math.pi * 1.5) and (theta0 <= theta1))):

+                    points.append((self.center[0], self.center[1] - self.radius))

+        x, y = zip(*points)

+

+        min_x = min(x)

+        max_x = max(x)

+        min_y = min(y)

+        max_y = max(y)

+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self._changed()

+        self.start = tuple(map(add, self.start, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+        self.end = tuple(map(add, self.end, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+        self.center = tuple(map(add, self.center, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+

+

+class Circle(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, diameter, hole_diameter=None,

+                 hole_width=0, hole_height=0, **kwargs):

+        super(Circle, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._diameter = diameter

+        self.hole_diameter = hole_diameter

+        self.hole_width = hole_width

+        self.hole_height = hole_height

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'diameter', 'hole_diameter', 'hole_width', 'hole_height']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def diameter(self):

+        return self._diameter

+

+    @diameter.setter

+    def diameter(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._diameter = value

+

+    @property

+    def radius(self):

+        return self.diameter / 2.

+

+    @property

+    def hole_radius(self):

+        if self.hole_diameter != None:

+            return self.hole_diameter / 2.

+        return None

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            min_x = self.position[0] - self.radius

+            max_x = self.position[0] + self.radius

+            min_y = self.position[1] - self.radius

+            max_y = self.position[1] + self.radius

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self.position = tuple(map(add, self.position, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+

+    def equivalent(self, other, offset):

+        '''Is this the same as the other circle, ignoring the offiset?'''

+

+        if not isinstance(other, Circle):

+            return False

+

+        if self.diameter != other.diameter or self.hole_diameter != other.hole_diameter:

+            return False

+

+        equiv_position = tuple(map(add, other.position, offset))

+

+        return nearly_equal(self.position, equiv_position)

+

+

+class Ellipse(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+    def __init__(self, position, width, height, **kwargs):

+        super(Ellipse, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._width = width

+        self._height = height

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width', 'height']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        return self._width

+

+    @width.setter

+    def width(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._width = value

+

+    @property

+    def height(self):

+        return self._height

+

+    @height.setter

+    def height(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._height = value

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            min_x = self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.0)

+            max_x = self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.0)

+            min_y = self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.0)

+            max_y = self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.0)

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_width(self):

+        ux = (self.width / 2.) * math.cos(math.radians(self.rotation))

+        vx = (self.height / 2.) * \

+            math.cos(math.radians(self.rotation) + (math.pi / 2.))

+        return 2 * math.sqrt((ux * ux) + (vx * vx))

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_height(self):

+        uy = (self.width / 2.) * math.sin(math.radians(self.rotation))

+        vy = (self.height / 2.) * \

+            math.sin(math.radians(self.rotation) + (math.pi / 2.))

+        return 2 * math.sqrt((uy * uy) + (vy * vy))

+

+

+class Rectangle(Primitive):

+    """

+    When rotated, the rotation is about the center point.

+

+    Only aperture macro generated Rectangle objects can be rotated. If you aren't in a AMGroup,

+    then you don't need to worry about rotation

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, width, height, hole_diameter=0,

+                 hole_width=0, hole_height=0, **kwargs):

+        super(Rectangle, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._width = width

+        self._height = height

+        self.hole_diameter = hole_diameter

+        self.hole_width = hole_width

+        self.hole_height = hole_height

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width', 'height', 'hole_diameter',

+                            'hole_width', 'hole_height']

+        # TODO These are probably wrong when rotated

+        self._lower_left = None

+        self._upper_right = None

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        return self._width

+

+    @width.setter

+    def width(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._width = value

+

+    @property

+    def height(self):

+        return self._height

+

+    @height.setter

+    def height(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._height = value

+

+    @property

+    def hole_radius(self):

+        """The radius of the hole. If there is no hole, returns None"""

+        if self.hole_diameter != None:

+            return self.hole_diameter / 2.

+        return None

+

+    @property

+    def upper_right(self):

+        return (self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+

+    @property

+    def lower_left(self):

+        return (self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = (self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            ur = (self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+        if self._vertices is None:

+            delta_w = self.width / 2.

+            delta_h = self.height / 2.

+            ll = ((self.position[0] - delta_w), (self.position[1] - delta_h))

+            ul = ((self.position[0] - delta_w), (self.position[1] + delta_h))

+            ur = ((self.position[0] + delta_w), (self.position[1] + delta_h))

+            lr = ((self.position[0] + delta_w), (self.position[1] - delta_h))

+            self._vertices = [((x * self._cos_theta - y * self._sin_theta),

+                               (x * self._sin_theta + y * self._cos_theta))

+                              for x, y in [ll, ul, ur, lr]]

+        return self._vertices

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_width(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.width + self._sin_theta * self.height)

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_height(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.height + self._sin_theta * self.width)

+

+    def equivalent(self, other, offset):

+        """Is this the same as the other rect, ignoring the offset?"""

+

+        if not isinstance(other, Rectangle):

+            return False

+

+        if self.width != other.width or self.height != other.height or self.rotation != other.rotation or self.hole_diameter != other.hole_diameter:

+            return False

+

+        equiv_position = tuple(map(add, other.position, offset))

+

+        return nearly_equal(self.position, equiv_position)

+

+    def __str__(self):

+        return "<Rectangle W {} H {} R {}>".format(self.width, self.height, self.rotation * 180/math.pi)

+

+    def __repr__(self):

+        return self.__str__()

+

+

+class Diamond(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, width, height, **kwargs):

+        super(Diamond, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._width = width

+        self._height = height

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width', 'height']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        return self._width

+

+    @width.setter

+    def width(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._width = value

+

+    @property

+    def height(self):

+        return self._height

+

+    @height.setter

+    def height(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._height = value

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = (self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            ur = (self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+        if self._vertices is None:

+            delta_w = self.width / 2.

+            delta_h = self.height / 2.

+            top = (self.position[0], (self.position[1] + delta_h))

+            right = ((self.position[0] + delta_w), self.position[1])

+            bottom = (self.position[0], (self.position[1] - delta_h))

+            left = ((self.position[0] - delta_w), self.position[1])

+            self._vertices = [(((x * self._cos_theta) - (y * self._sin_theta)),

+                               ((x * self._sin_theta) + (y * self._cos_theta)))

+                              for x, y in [top, right, bottom, left]]

+        return self._vertices

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_width(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.width + self._sin_theta * self.height)

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_height(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.height + self._sin_theta * self.width)

+

+

+class ChamferRectangle(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+    def __init__(self, position, width, height, chamfer, corners=None, **kwargs):

+        super(ChamferRectangle, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._width = width

+        self._height = height

+        self._chamfer = chamfer

+        self._corners = corners if corners is not None else [True] * 4

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width', 'height', 'chamfer']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        return self._width

+

+    @width.setter

+    def width(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._width = value

+

+    @property

+    def height(self):

+        return self._height

+

+    @height.setter

+    def height(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._height = value

+

+    @property

+    def chamfer(self):

+        return self._chamfer

+

+    @chamfer.setter

+    def chamfer(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._chamfer = value

+

+    @property

+    def corners(self):

+        return self._corners

+

+    @corners.setter

+    def corners(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._corners = value

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = (self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            ur = (self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+        if self._vertices is None:

+            vertices = []

+            delta_w = self.width / 2.

+            delta_h = self.height / 2.

+            # order is UR, UL, LL, LR

+            rect_corners = [

+                ((self.position[0] + delta_w), (self.position[1] + delta_h)),

+                ((self.position[0] - delta_w), (self.position[1] + delta_h)),

+                ((self.position[0] - delta_w), (self.position[1] - delta_h)),

+                ((self.position[0] + delta_w), (self.position[1] - delta_h))

+            ]

+            for idx, params in enumerate(zip(rect_corners, self.corners)):

+                corner, chamfered = params

+                x, y = corner

+                if chamfered:

+                    if idx == 0:

+                        vertices.append((x - self.chamfer, y))

+                        vertices.append((x, y - self.chamfer))

+                    elif idx == 1:

+                        vertices.append((x + self.chamfer, y))

+                        vertices.append((x, y - self.chamfer))

+                    elif idx == 2:

+                        vertices.append((x + self.chamfer, y))

+                        vertices.append((x, y + self.chamfer))

+                    elif idx == 3:

+                        vertices.append((x - self.chamfer, y))

+                        vertices.append((x, y + self.chamfer))

+                else:

+                    vertices.append(corner)

+            self._vertices = [((x * self._cos_theta - y * self._sin_theta),

+                               (x * self._sin_theta + y * self._cos_theta))

+                              for x, y in vertices]

+        return self._vertices

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_width(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.width +

+                self._sin_theta * self.height)

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_height(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.height +

+                self._sin_theta * self.width)

+

+

+class RoundRectangle(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, width, height, radius, corners, **kwargs):

+        super(RoundRectangle, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._width = width

+        self._height = height

+        self._radius = radius

+        self._corners = corners

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width', 'height', 'radius']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        return self._width

+

+    @width.setter

+    def width(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._width = value

+

+    @property

+    def height(self):

+        return self._height

+

+    @height.setter

+    def height(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._height = value

+

+    @property

+    def radius(self):

+        return self._radius

+

+    @radius.setter

+    def radius(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._radius = value

+

+    @property

+    def corners(self):

+        return self._corners

+

+    @corners.setter

+    def corners(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._corners = value

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = (self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            ur = (self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_width(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.width +

+                self._sin_theta * self.height)

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_height(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.height +

+                self._sin_theta * self.width)

+

+

+class Obround(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, width, height, hole_diameter=0,

+                 hole_width=0,hole_height=0, **kwargs):

+        super(Obround, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._width = width

+        self._height = height

+        self.hole_diameter = hole_diameter

+        self.hole_width = hole_width

+        self.hole_height = hole_height

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width', 'height', 'hole_diameter',

+                            'hole_width', 'hole_height' ]

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        return self._width

+

+    @width.setter

+    def width(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._width = value

+

+    @property

+    def height(self):

+        return self._height

+

+    @height.setter

+    def height(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._height = value

+

+    @property

+    def hole_radius(self):

+        """The radius of the hole. If there is no hole, returns None"""

+        if self.hole_diameter != None:

+            return self.hole_diameter / 2.

+

+        return None

+

+    @property

+    def orientation(self):

+        return 'vertical' if self.height > self.width else 'horizontal'

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = (self.position[0] - (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] - (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            ur = (self.position[0] + (self.axis_aligned_width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] + (self.axis_aligned_height / 2.))

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    @property

+    def subshapes(self):

+        if self.orientation == 'vertical':

+            circle1 = Circle((self.position[0], self.position[1] +

+                              (self.height - self.width) / 2.), self.width)

+            circle2 = Circle((self.position[0], self.position[1] -

+                              (self.height - self.width) / 2.), self.width)

+            rect = Rectangle(self.position, self.width,

+                             (self.height - self.width))

+        else:

+            circle1 = Circle((self.position[0]

+                              - (self.height - self.width) / 2.,

+                              self.position[1]), self.height)

+            circle2 = Circle((self.position[0]

+                              + (self.height - self.width) / 2.,

+                              self.position[1]), self.height)

+            rect = Rectangle(self.position, (self.width - self.height),

+                             self.height)

+        return {'circle1': circle1, 'circle2': circle2, 'rectangle': rect}

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_width(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.width +

+                self._sin_theta * self.height)

+

+    @property

+    def axis_aligned_height(self):

+        return (self._cos_theta * self.height +

+                self._sin_theta * self.width)

+

+

+class Polygon(Primitive):

+    """

+    Polygon flash defined by a set number of sides.

+    """

+    def __init__(self, position, sides, radius, hole_diameter=0,

+                 hole_width=0, hole_height=0, **kwargs):

+        super(Polygon, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self.sides = sides

+        self._radius = radius

+        self.hole_diameter = hole_diameter

+        self.hole_width = hole_width

+        self.hole_height = hole_height

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'radius', 'hole_diameter',

+                            'hole_width', 'hole_height']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def diameter(self):

+        return self.radius * 2

+

+    @property

+    def hole_radius(self):

+        if self.hole_diameter != None:

+            return self.hole_diameter / 2.

+        return None

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def radius(self):

+        return self._radius

+

+    @radius.setter

+    def radius(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._radius = value

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            min_x = self.position[0] - self.radius

+            max_x = self.position[0] + self.radius

+            min_y = self.position[1] - self.radius

+            max_y = self.position[1] + self.radius

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self.position = tuple(map(add, self.position, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+

+        offset = self.rotation

+        delta_angle = 360.0 / self.sides

+

+        points = []

+        for i in range(self.sides):

+            points.append(

+                rotate_point((self.position[0] + self.radius, self.position[1]), offset + delta_angle * i, self.position))

+        return points

+

+

+    def equivalent(self, other, offset):

+        """

+        Is this the outline the same as the other, ignoring the position offset?

+        """

+

+        # Quick check if it even makes sense to compare them

+        if type(self) != type(other) or self.sides != other.sides or self.radius != other.radius:

+            return False

+

+        equiv_pos = tuple(map(add, other.position, offset))

+

+        return nearly_equal(self.position, equiv_pos)

+

+

+class AMGroup(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+    def __init__(self, amprimitives, stmt = None, **kwargs):

+        """

+

+        stmt : The original statment that generated this, since it is really hard to re-generate from primitives

+        """

+        super(AMGroup, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+

+        self.primitives = []

+        for amprim in amprimitives:

+            prim = amprim.to_primitive(self.units)

+            if isinstance(prim, list):

+                for p in prim:

+                    self.primitives.append(p)

+            elif prim:

+                self.primitives.append(prim)

+        self._position = None

+        self._to_convert = ['_position', 'primitives']

+        self.stmt = stmt

+

+    def to_inch(self):

+        if self.units == 'metric':

+            super(AMGroup, self).to_inch()

+

+            # If we also have a stmt, convert that too

+            if self.stmt:

+                self.stmt.to_inch()

+

+

+    def to_metric(self):

+        if self.units == 'inch':

+            super(AMGroup, self).to_metric()

+

+            # If we also have a stmt, convert that too

+            if self.stmt:

+                self.stmt.to_metric()

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        # TODO Make this cached like other items

+        xlims, ylims = zip(*[p.bounding_box for p in self.primitives])

+        minx, maxx = zip(*xlims)

+        miny, maxy = zip(*ylims)

+        min_x = min(minx)

+        max_x = max(maxx)

+        min_y = min(miny)

+        max_y = max(maxy)

+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self._position = tuple(map(add, self._position, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+

+        for primitive in self.primitives:

+            primitive.offset(x_offset, y_offset)

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, new_pos):

+        '''

+        Sets the position of the AMGroup.

+        This offset all of the objects by the specified distance.

+        '''

+

+        if self._position:

+            dx = new_pos[0] - self._position[0]

+            dy = new_pos[1] - self._position[1]

+        else:

+            dx = new_pos[0]

+            dy = new_pos[1]

+

+        for primitive in self.primitives:

+            primitive.offset(dx, dy)

+

+        self._position = new_pos

+

+    def equivalent(self, other, offset):

+        '''

+        Is this the macro group the same as the other, ignoring the position offset?

+        '''

+

+        if len(self.primitives) != len(other.primitives):

+            return False

+

+        # We know they have the same number of primitives, so now check them all

+        for i in range(0, len(self.primitives)):

+            if not self.primitives[i].equivalent(other.primitives[i], offset):

+                return False

+

+        # If we didn't find any differences, then they are the same

+        return True

+

+class Outline(Primitive):

+    """

+    Outlines only exist as the rendering for a apeture macro outline.

+    They don't exist outside of AMGroup objects

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, primitives, **kwargs):

+        super(Outline, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        self.primitives = primitives

+        self._to_convert = ['primitives']

+

+        if self.primitives[0].start != self.primitives[-1].end:

+            raise ValueError('Outline must be closed')

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            xlims, ylims = zip(*[p.bounding_box for p in self.primitives])

+            minx, maxx = zip(*xlims)

+            miny, maxy = zip(*ylims)

+            min_x = min(minx)

+            max_x = max(maxx)

+            min_y = min(miny)

+            max_y = max(maxy)

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self._changed()

+        for p in self.primitives:

+            p.offset(x_offset, y_offset)

+

+    @property

+    def vertices(self):

+        if self._vertices is None:

+            theta = math.radians(360/self.sides)

+            vertices = [(self.position[0] + (math.cos(theta * side) * self.radius),

+                         self.position[1] + (math.sin(theta * side) * self.radius))

+                        for side in range(self.sides)]

+            self._vertices = [(((x * self._cos_theta) - (y * self._sin_theta)),

+                               ((x * self._sin_theta) + (y * self._cos_theta)))

+                              for x, y in vertices]

+        return self._vertices

+

+    @property

+    def width(self):

+        bounding_box = self.bounding_box()

+        return bounding_box[0][1] - bounding_box[0][0]

+

+    def equivalent(self, other, offset):

+        '''

+        Is this the outline the same as the other, ignoring the position offset?

+        '''

+

+        # Quick check if it even makes sense to compare them

+        if type(self) != type(other) or len(self.primitives) != len(other.primitives):

+            return False

+

+        for i in range(0, len(self.primitives)):

+            if not self.primitives[i].equivalent(other.primitives[i], offset):

+                return False

+

+        return True

+

+class Region(Primitive):

+    """

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, primitives, **kwargs):

+        super(Region, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        self.primitives = primitives

+        self._to_convert = ['primitives']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return False

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            xlims, ylims = zip(*[p.bounding_box_no_aperture for p in self.primitives])

+            minx, maxx = zip(*xlims)

+            miny, maxy = zip(*ylims)

+            min_x = min(minx)

+            max_x = max(maxx)

+            min_y = min(miny)

+            max_y = max(maxy)

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self._changed()

+        for p in self.primitives:

+            p.offset(x_offset, y_offset)

+

+

+class RoundButterfly(Primitive):

+    """ A circle with two diagonally-opposite quadrants removed

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, diameter, **kwargs):

+        super(RoundButterfly, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self.position = position

+        self.diameter = diameter

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'diameter']

+

+        # TODO This does not reset bounding box correctly

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def radius(self):

+        return self.diameter / 2.

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            min_x = self.position[0] - self.radius

+            max_x = self.position[0] + self.radius

+            min_y = self.position[1] - self.radius

+            max_y = self.position[1] + self.radius

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+

+class SquareButterfly(Primitive):

+    """ A square with two diagonally-opposite quadrants removed

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, side, **kwargs):

+        super(SquareButterfly, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self.position = position

+        self.side = side

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'side']

+

+        # TODO This does not reset bounding box correctly

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            min_x = self.position[0] - (self.side / 2.)

+            max_x = self.position[0] + (self.side / 2.)

+            min_y = self.position[1] - (self.side / 2.)

+            max_y = self.position[1] + (self.side / 2.)

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+

+class Donut(Primitive):

+    """ A Shape with an identical concentric shape removed from its center

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, shape, inner_diameter,

+                 outer_diameter, **kwargs):

+        super(Donut, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self.position = position

+        if shape not in ('round', 'square', 'hexagon', 'octagon'):

+            raise ValueError(

+                'Valid shapes are round, square, hexagon or octagon')

+        self.shape = shape

+        if inner_diameter >= outer_diameter:

+            raise ValueError(

+                'Outer diameter must be larger than inner diameter.')

+        self.inner_diameter = inner_diameter

+        self.outer_diameter = outer_diameter

+        if self.shape in ('round', 'square', 'octagon'):

+            self.width = outer_diameter

+            self.height = outer_diameter

+        else:

+            # Hexagon

+            self.width = 0.5 * math.sqrt(3.) * outer_diameter

+            self.height = outer_diameter

+

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'width',

+                            'height', 'inner_diameter', 'outer_diameter']

+

+        # TODO This does not reset bounding box correctly

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def lower_left(self):

+        return (self.position[0] - (self.width / 2.),

+                self.position[1] - (self.height / 2.))

+

+    @property

+    def upper_right(self):

+        return (self.position[0] + (self.width / 2.),

+                self.position[1] + (self.height / 2.))

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = (self.position[0] - (self.width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] - (self.height / 2.))

+            ur = (self.position[0] + (self.width / 2.),

+                  self.position[1] + (self.height / 2.))

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+

+class SquareRoundDonut(Primitive):

+    """ A Square with a circular cutout in the center

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, inner_diameter, outer_diameter, **kwargs):

+        super(SquareRoundDonut, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self.position = position

+        if inner_diameter >= outer_diameter:

+            raise ValueError(

+                'Outer diameter must be larger than inner diameter.')

+        self.inner_diameter = inner_diameter

+        self.outer_diameter = outer_diameter

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'inner_diameter', 'outer_diameter']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return True

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            ll = tuple([c - self.outer_diameter / 2. for c in self.position])

+            ur = tuple([c + self.outer_diameter / 2. for c in self.position])

+            self._bounding_box = ((ll[0], ur[0]), (ll[1], ur[1]))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+

+class Drill(Primitive):

+    """ A drill hole

+    """

+    def __init__(self, position, diameter, **kwargs):

+        super(Drill, self).__init__('dark', **kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self._position = position

+        self._diameter = diameter

+        self._to_convert = ['position', 'diameter']

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return False

+

+    @property

+    def position(self):

+        return self._position

+

+    @position.setter

+    def position(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._position = value

+

+    @property

+    def diameter(self):

+        return self._diameter

+

+    @diameter.setter

+    def diameter(self, value):

+        self._changed()

+        self._diameter = value

+

+    @property

+    def radius(self):

+        return self.diameter / 2.

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            min_x = self.position[0] - self.radius

+            max_x = self.position[0] + self.radius

+            min_y = self.position[1] - self.radius

+            max_y = self.position[1] + self.radius

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self._changed()

+        self.position = tuple(map(add, self.position, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+

+    def __str__(self):

+        return '<Drill %f %s (%f, %f)>' % (self.diameter, self.units, self.position[0], self.position[1])

+

+

+class Slot(Primitive):

+    """ A drilled slot

+    """

+    def __init__(self, start, end, diameter, **kwargs):

+        super(Slot, self).__init__('dark', **kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(start)

+        validate_coordinates(end)

+        self.start = start

+        self.end = end

+        self.diameter = diameter

+        self._to_convert = ['start', 'end', 'diameter']

+

+

+    @property

+    def flashed(self):

+        return False

+

+    @property

+    def bounding_box(self):

+        if self._bounding_box is None:

+            radius = self.diameter / 2.

+            min_x = min(self.start[0], self.end[0]) - radius

+            max_x = max(self.start[0], self.end[0]) + radius

+            min_y = min(self.start[1], self.end[1]) - radius

+            max_y = max(self.start[1], self.end[1]) + radius

+            self._bounding_box = ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))

+        return self._bounding_box

+

+    def offset(self, x_offset=0, y_offset=0):

+        self.start = tuple(map(add, self.start, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+        self.end = tuple(map(add, self.end, (x_offset, y_offset)))

+

+

+class TestRecord(Primitive):

+    """ Netlist Test record

+    """

+

+    def __init__(self, position, net_name, layer, **kwargs):

+        super(TestRecord, self).__init__(**kwargs)

+        validate_coordinates(position)

+        self.position = position

+        self.net_name = net_name

+        self.layer = layer

+        self._to_convert = ['position']

diff --git a/gerber/render/__init__.py b/gerber/render/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7dbdd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/render/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+gerber.render
+============
+**Gerber Renderers**
+
+This module provides contexts for rendering images of gerber layers. Currently
+SVG is the only supported format.
+"""
+
+from .render import RenderSettings
+from .cairo_backend import GerberCairoContext
+
+available_renderers = {
+    'cairo': GerberCairoContext,
+}
diff --git a/gerber/render/cairo_backend.py b/gerber/render/cairo_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1d1408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/render/cairo_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+try:
+    import cairo
+except ImportError:
+    import cairocffi as cairo
+
+from operator import mul
+import tempfile
+import copy
+import os
+
+from .render import GerberContext, RenderSettings
+from .theme import THEMES
+from ..primitives import *
+from ..utils import rotate_point
+
+from io import BytesIO
+
+
+class GerberCairoContext(GerberContext):
+
+    def __init__(self, scale=300):
+        super(GerberCairoContext, self).__init__()
+        self.scale = (scale, scale)
+        self.surface = None
+        self.surface_buffer = None
+        self.ctx = None
+        self.active_layer = None
+        self.active_matrix = None
+        self.output_ctx = None
+        self.has_bg = False
+        self.origin_in_inch = None
+        self.size_in_inch = None
+        self._xform_matrix = None
+        self._render_count = 0
+
+    @property
+    def origin_in_pixels(self):
+        return (self.scale_point(self.origin_in_inch)
+                if self.origin_in_inch is not None else (0.0, 0.0))
+
+    @property
+    def size_in_pixels(self):
+        return (self.scale_point(self.size_in_inch)
+                if self.size_in_inch is not None else (0.0, 0.0))
+
+    def set_bounds(self, bounds, new_surface=False):
+        origin_in_inch = (bounds[0][0], bounds[1][0])
+        size_in_inch = (abs(bounds[0][1] - bounds[0][0]),
+                        abs(bounds[1][1] - bounds[1][0]))
+        size_in_pixels = self.scale_point(size_in_inch)
+        self.origin_in_inch = origin_in_inch if self.origin_in_inch is None else self.origin_in_inch
+        self.size_in_inch = size_in_inch if self.size_in_inch is None else self.size_in_inch
+        self._xform_matrix = cairo.Matrix(xx=1.0, yy=-1.0,
+                                          x0=-self.origin_in_pixels[0],
+                                          y0=self.size_in_pixels[1])
+        if (self.surface is None) or new_surface:
+            self.surface_buffer = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+            self.surface = cairo.SVGSurface(self.surface_buffer, size_in_pixels[0], size_in_pixels[1])
+            self.output_ctx = cairo.Context(self.surface)
+
+    def render_layer(self, layer, filename=None, settings=None, bgsettings=None,
+                     verbose=False, bounds=None):
+        if settings is None:
+            settings = THEMES['default'].get(layer.layer_class, RenderSettings())
+        if bgsettings is None:
+            bgsettings = THEMES['default'].get('background', RenderSettings())
+
+        if self._render_count == 0:
+            if verbose:
+                print('[Render]: Rendering Background.')
+            self.clear()
+            if bounds is not None:
+                self.set_bounds(bounds)
+            else:
+                self.set_bounds(layer.bounds)
+            self.paint_background(bgsettings)
+        if verbose:
+            print('[Render]: Rendering {} Layer.'.format(layer.layer_class))
+        self._render_count += 1
+        self._render_layer(layer, settings)
+        if filename is not None:
+            self.dump(filename, verbose)
+
+    def render_layers(self, layers, filename, theme=THEMES['default'],
+                      verbose=False, max_width=800, max_height=600):
+        """ Render a set of layers
+        """
+        # Calculate scale parameter
+        x_range = [10000, -10000]
+        y_range = [10000, -10000]
+        for layer in layers:
+            bounds = layer.bounds
+            if bounds is not None:
+                layer_x, layer_y = bounds
+                x_range[0] = min(x_range[0], layer_x[0])
+                x_range[1] = max(x_range[1], layer_x[1])
+                y_range[0] = min(y_range[0], layer_y[0])
+                y_range[1] = max(y_range[1], layer_y[1])
+        width = x_range[1] - x_range[0]
+        height = y_range[1] - y_range[0]
+
+        scale = math.floor(min(float(max_width)/width, float(max_height)/height))
+        self.scale = (scale, scale)
+
+        self.clear()
+
+        # Render layers
+        bgsettings = theme['background']
+        for layer in layers:
+            settings = theme.get(layer.layer_class, RenderSettings())
+            self.render_layer(layer, settings=settings, bgsettings=bgsettings,
+                              verbose=verbose)
+        self.dump(filename, verbose)
+
+    def dump(self, filename=None, verbose=False):
+        """ Save image as `filename`
+        """
+        try:
+            is_svg = os.path.splitext(filename.lower())[1] == '.svg'
+        except:
+            is_svg = False
+        if verbose:
+            print('[Render]: Writing image to {}'.format(filename))
+        if is_svg:
+            self.surface.finish()
+            self.surface_buffer.flush()
+            with open(filename, "wb") as f:
+                self.surface_buffer.seek(0)
+                f.write(self.surface_buffer.read())
+                f.flush()
+        else:
+            return self.surface.write_to_png(filename)
+
+    def dump_str(self):
+        """ Return a byte-string containing the rendered image.
+        """
+        fobj = BytesIO()
+        self.surface.write_to_png(fobj)
+        return fobj.getvalue()
+
+    def dump_svg_str(self):
+        """ Return a string containg the rendered SVG.
+        """
+        self.surface.finish()
+        self.surface_buffer.flush()
+        return self.surface_buffer.read()
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self.surface = None
+        self.output_ctx = None
+        self.has_bg = False
+        self.origin_in_inch = None
+        self.size_in_inch = None
+        self._xform_matrix = None
+        self._render_count = 0
+        self.surface_buffer = None
+
+    def _new_mask(self):
+        class Mask:
+            def __enter__(msk):
+                size_in_pixels = self.size_in_pixels
+                msk.surface = cairo.SVGSurface(None, size_in_pixels[0],
+                                               size_in_pixels[1])
+                msk.ctx = cairo.Context(msk.surface)
+                msk.ctx.translate(-self.origin_in_pixels[0], -self.origin_in_pixels[1])
+                return msk
+
+
+            def __exit__(msk, exc_type, exc_val, traceback):
+                if hasattr(msk.surface, 'finish'):
+                    msk.surface.finish()
+
+        return Mask()
+
+    def _render_layer(self, layer, settings):
+        self.invert = settings.invert
+        # Get a new clean layer to render on
+        self.new_render_layer(mirror=settings.mirror)
+        for prim in layer.primitives:
+            self.render(prim)
+        # Add layer to image
+        self.flatten(settings.color, settings.alpha)
+
+    def _render_line(self, line, color):
+        start = self.scale_point(line.start)
+        end = self.scale_point(line.end)
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert)
+                                 and line.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+
+        with self._clip_primitive(line):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                if isinstance(line.aperture, Circle):
+                    width = line.aperture.diameter
+                    mask.ctx.set_line_width(width * self.scale[0])
+                    mask.ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+                    mask.ctx.move_to(*start)
+                    mask.ctx.line_to(*end)
+                    mask.ctx.stroke()
+
+                elif hasattr(line, 'vertices') and line.vertices is not None:
+                    points = [self.scale_point(x) for x in line.vertices]
+                    mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+                    mask.ctx.move_to(*points[-1])
+                    for point in points:
+                        mask.ctx.line_to(*point)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_arc(self, arc, color):
+        center = self.scale_point(arc.center)
+        start = self.scale_point(arc.start)
+        end = self.scale_point(arc.end)
+        radius = self.scale[0] * arc.radius
+        two_pi = 2 * math.pi
+        angle1 = (arc.start_angle + two_pi) % two_pi
+        angle2 = (arc.end_angle + two_pi) % two_pi
+        if angle1 == angle2 and arc.quadrant_mode != 'single-quadrant':
+            # Make the angles slightly different otherwise Cario will draw nothing
+            angle2 -= 0.000000001
+        if isinstance(arc.aperture, Circle):
+            width = arc.aperture.diameter if arc.aperture.diameter != 0 else 0.001
+        else:
+            width = max(arc.aperture.width, arc.aperture.height, 0.001)
+
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert)
+                                 and arc.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(arc):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(width * self.scale[0])
+                mask.ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND if isinstance(arc.aperture, Circle) else cairo.LINE_CAP_SQUARE)
+                mask.ctx.move_to(*start)  # You actually have to do this...
+                if arc.direction == 'counterclockwise':
+                    mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], radius, angle1, angle2)
+                else:
+                    mask.ctx.arc_negative(center[0], center[1], radius,
+                                          angle1, angle2)
+                mask.ctx.move_to(*end)  # ...lame
+                mask.ctx.stroke()
+
+                #if isinstance(arc.aperture, Rectangle):
+                #    print("Flash Rectangle Ends")
+                #    print(arc.aperture.rotation * 180/math.pi)
+                #    rect = arc.aperture
+                #    width = self.scale[0] * rect.width
+                #    height = self.scale[1] * rect.height
+                #    for point, angle in zip((start, end), (angle1, angle2)):
+                #        print("{} w {} h{}".format(point, rect.width, rect.height))
+                #        mask.ctx.rectangle(point[0] - width/2.0,
+                #                           point[1] - height/2.0, width, height)
+                #        mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_region(self, region, color):
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert) and region.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(region):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+                mask.ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+                mask.ctx.move_to(*self.scale_point(region.primitives[0].start))
+                for prim in region.primitives:
+                    if isinstance(prim, Line):
+                        mask.ctx.line_to(*self.scale_point(prim.end))
+                    else:
+                        center = self.scale_point(prim.center)
+                        radius = self.scale[0] * prim.radius
+                        angle1 = prim.start_angle
+                        angle2 = prim.end_angle
+                        if prim.direction == 'counterclockwise':
+                            mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], radius,
+                                         angle1, angle2)
+                        else:
+                            mask.ctx.arc_negative(center[0], center[1], radius,
+                                                  angle1, angle2)
+                mask.ctx.fill()
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_circle(self, circle, color):
+        center = self.scale_point(circle.position)
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert)
+                                 and circle.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(circle):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+                mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], (circle.radius * self.scale[0]), 0, (2 * math.pi))
+                mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                if hasattr(circle, 'hole_diameter') and circle.hole_diameter is not None and circle.hole_diameter > 0:
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+                    mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], circle.hole_radius * self.scale[0], 0, 2 * math.pi)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                if (hasattr(circle, 'hole_width') and hasattr(circle, 'hole_height')
+                        and circle.hole_width is not None and circle.hole_height is not None
+                        and circle.hole_width > 0 and circle.hole_height > 0):
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR
+                                          if circle.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                                             and (not self.invert)
+                                          else cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+                    width, height = self.scale_point((circle.hole_width, circle.hole_height))
+                    lower_left = rotate_point(
+                        (center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] - height / 2.0),
+                                              circle.rotation, center)
+                    lower_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] - height / 2.0),
+                                               circle.rotation, center)
+                    upper_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0),
+                                              circle.rotation, center)
+                    upper_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0),
+                                               circle.rotation, center)
+                    points = (lower_left, lower_right, upper_right, upper_left)
+                    mask.ctx.move_to(*points[-1])
+                    for point in points:
+                        mask.ctx.line_to(*point)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_rectangle(self, rectangle, color):
+        lower_left = self.scale_point(rectangle.lower_left)
+        width, height = tuple([abs(coord) for coord in
+                               self.scale_point((rectangle.width,
+                                                 rectangle.height))])
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert)
+                                 and rectangle.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(rectangle):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+                mask.ctx.rectangle(lower_left[0], lower_left[1], width, height)
+                mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                center = self.scale_point(rectangle.position)
+                if rectangle.hole_diameter > 0:
+                    # Render the center clear
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR
+                                          if rectangle.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                                             and (not self.invert)
+                                          else cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+
+                    mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], rectangle.hole_radius * self.scale[0], 0, 2 * math.pi)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                if rectangle.hole_width > 0 and rectangle.hole_height > 0:
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR
+                                          if rectangle.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                                             and (not self.invert)
+                                          else cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+                    width, height = self.scale_point((rectangle.hole_width, rectangle.hole_height))
+                    lower_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width/2.0, center[1] - height/2.0), rectangle.rotation, center)
+                    lower_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width/2.0, center[1] - height/2.0), rectangle.rotation, center)
+                    upper_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0), rectangle.rotation, center)
+                    upper_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0), rectangle.rotation, center)
+                    points = (lower_left, lower_right, upper_right, upper_left)
+                    mask.ctx.move_to(*points[-1])
+                    for point in points:
+                        mask.ctx.line_to(*point)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_obround(self, obround, color):
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert)
+                                 and obround.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(obround):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+
+                # Render circles
+                for circle in (obround.subshapes['circle1'], obround.subshapes['circle2']):
+                    center = self.scale_point(circle.position)
+                    mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], (circle.radius * self.scale[0]), 0, (2 * math.pi))
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                # Render Rectangle
+                rectangle = obround.subshapes['rectangle']
+                lower_left = self.scale_point(rectangle.lower_left)
+                width, height = tuple([abs(coord) for coord in
+                                       self.scale_point((rectangle.width,
+                                                         rectangle.height))])
+                mask.ctx.rectangle(lower_left[0], lower_left[1], width, height)
+                mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                center = self.scale_point(obround.position)
+                if obround.hole_diameter > 0:
+                    # Render the center clear
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+                    mask.ctx.arc(center[0], center[1], obround.hole_radius * self.scale[0], 0, 2 * math.pi)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                if obround.hole_width > 0 and obround.hole_height > 0:
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR
+                                          if rectangle.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                                             and (not self.invert)
+                                          else cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+                    width, height =self.scale_point((obround.hole_width, obround.hole_height))
+                    lower_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] - height / 2.0),
+                                              obround.rotation, center)
+                    lower_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] - height / 2.0),
+                                               obround.rotation, center)
+                    upper_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0),
+                                              obround.rotation, center)
+                    upper_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0),
+                                               obround.rotation, center)
+                    points = (lower_left, lower_right, upper_right, upper_left)
+                    mask.ctx.move_to(*points[-1])
+                    for point in points:
+                        mask.ctx.line_to(*point)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_polygon(self, polygon, color):
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if (not self.invert)
+                                 and polygon.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                              else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(polygon):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+
+                vertices = polygon.vertices
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+                mask.ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+                # Start from before the end so it is easy to iterate and make sure
+                # it is closed
+                mask.ctx.move_to(*self.scale_point(vertices[-1]))
+                for v in vertices:
+                    mask.ctx.line_to(*self.scale_point(v))
+                mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                center = self.scale_point(polygon.position)
+                if polygon.hole_radius > 0:
+                    # Render the center clear
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR
+                                          if polygon.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                                             and (not self.invert)
+                                          else cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+                    mask.ctx.set_line_width(0)
+                    mask.ctx.arc(center[0],
+                                 center[1],
+                                 polygon.hole_radius * self.scale[0], 0, 2 * math.pi)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                if polygon.hole_width > 0 and polygon.hole_height > 0:
+                    mask.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR
+                                          if polygon.level_polarity == 'dark'
+                                             and (not self.invert)
+                                          else cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+                    width, height = self.scale_point((polygon.hole_width, polygon.hole_height))
+                    lower_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] - height / 2.0),
+                                              polygon.rotation, center)
+                    lower_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] - height / 2.0),
+                                               polygon.rotation, center)
+                    upper_left = rotate_point((center[0] - width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0),
+                                              polygon.rotation, center)
+                    upper_right = rotate_point((center[0] + width / 2.0, center[1] + height / 2.0),
+                                               polygon.rotation, center)
+                    points = (lower_left, lower_right, upper_right, upper_left)
+                    mask.ctx.move_to(*points[-1])
+                    for point in points:
+                        mask.ctx.line_to(*point)
+                    mask.ctx.fill()
+
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_drill(self, circle, color=None):
+        color = color if color is not None else self.drill_color
+        self._render_circle(circle, color)
+
+    def _render_slot(self, slot, color):
+        start = map(mul, slot.start, self.scale)
+        end = map(mul, slot.end, self.scale)
+
+        width = slot.diameter
+
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if slot.level_polarity == 'dark' and
+                                 (not self.invert) else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        with self._clip_primitive(slot):
+            with self._new_mask() as mask:
+                mask.ctx.set_line_width(width * self.scale[0])
+                mask.ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
+                mask.ctx.move_to(*start)
+                mask.ctx.line_to(*end)
+                mask.ctx.stroke()
+                self.ctx.mask_surface(mask.surface, self.origin_in_pixels[0])
+
+    def _render_amgroup(self, amgroup, color):
+        for primitive in amgroup.primitives:
+            self.render(primitive)
+
+    def _render_test_record(self, primitive, color):
+        position = [pos + origin for pos, origin in
+                    zip(primitive.position, self.origin_in_inch)]
+        self.ctx.select_font_face(
+            'monospace', cairo.FONT_SLANT_NORMAL, cairo.FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD)
+        self.ctx.set_font_size(13)
+        self._render_circle(Circle(position, 0.015), color)
+        self.ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER
+                              if primitive.level_polarity == 'dark' and
+                              (not self.invert) else cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
+        self.ctx.move_to(*[self.scale[0] * (coord + 0.015) for coord in position])
+        self.ctx.scale(1, -1)
+        self.ctx.show_text(primitive.net_name)
+        self.ctx.scale(1, -1)
+
+    def new_render_layer(self, color=None, mirror=False):
+        size_in_pixels = self.scale_point(self.size_in_inch)
+        matrix = copy.copy(self._xform_matrix)
+        layer = cairo.SVGSurface(None, size_in_pixels[0], size_in_pixels[1])
+        ctx = cairo.Context(layer)
+
+        if self.invert:
+            ctx.set_source_rgba(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+            ctx.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
+            ctx.paint()
+        if mirror:
+            matrix.xx = -1.0
+            matrix.x0 = self.origin_in_pixels[0] + self.size_in_pixels[0]
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.ctx.set_matrix(matrix)
+        self.active_layer = layer
+        self.active_matrix = matrix
+
+    def flatten(self, color=None, alpha=None):
+        color = color if color is not None else self.color
+        alpha = alpha if alpha is not None else self.alpha
+        self.output_ctx.set_source_rgba(color[0], color[1], color[2], alpha)
+        self.output_ctx.mask_surface(self.active_layer)
+        self.ctx = None
+        self.active_layer = None
+        self.active_matrix = None
+
+    def paint_background(self, settings=None):
+        color = settings.color if settings is not None else self.background_color
+        alpha = settings.alpha if settings is not None else 1.0
+        if not self.has_bg:
+            self.has_bg = True
+            self.output_ctx.set_source_rgba(color[0], color[1], color[2], alpha)
+            self.output_ctx.paint()
+
+    def _clip_primitive(self, primitive):
+        """ Clip rendering context to pixel-aligned bounding box
+
+        Calculates pixel- and axis- aligned bounding box, and clips current
+        context to that region. Improves rendering speed significantly. This
+        returns a context manager, use as follows:
+
+            with self._clip_primitive(some_primitive):
+                do_rendering_stuff()
+                do_more_rendering stuff(with, arguments)
+
+        The context manager will reset the context's clipping region when it
+        goes out of scope.
+
+        """
+        class Clip:
+            def __init__(clp, primitive):
+                x_range, y_range = primitive.bounding_box
+                xmin, xmax = x_range
+                ymin, ymax = y_range
+
+                # Round bounds to the nearest pixel outside of the primitive
+                clp.xmin = math.floor(self.scale[0] * xmin)
+                clp.xmax = math.ceil(self.scale[0] * xmax)
+
+                # We need to offset Y to take care of the difference in y-pos
+                # caused by flipping the axis.
+                clp.ymin = math.floor(
+                    (self.scale[1] * ymin) - math.ceil(self.origin_in_pixels[1]))
+                clp.ymax = math.floor(
+                    (self.scale[1] * ymax) - math.floor(self.origin_in_pixels[1]))
+
+                # Calculate width and height, rounded to the nearest pixel
+                clp.width = abs(clp.xmax - clp.xmin)
+                clp.height = abs(clp.ymax - clp.ymin)
+
+            def __enter__(clp):
+                # Clip current context to primitive's bounding box
+                self.ctx.rectangle(clp.xmin, clp.ymin, clp.width, clp.height)
+                self.ctx.clip()
+
+            def __exit__(clp, exc_type, exc_val, traceback):
+                # Reset context clip region
+                self.ctx.reset_clip()
+
+        return Clip(primitive)
+
+    def scale_point(self, point):
+        return tuple([coord * scale for coord, scale in zip(point, self.scale)])
diff --git a/gerber/render/excellon_backend.py b/gerber/render/excellon_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..765d68c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/render/excellon_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+
+from .render import GerberContext
+from ..excellon import DrillSlot
+from ..excellon_statements import *
+
+class ExcellonContext(GerberContext):
+
+    MODE_DRILL = 1
+    MODE_SLOT =2
+
+    def __init__(self, settings):
+        GerberContext.__init__(self)
+
+        # Statements that we write
+        self.comments = []
+        self.header = []
+        self.tool_def = []
+        self.body_start = [RewindStopStmt()]
+        self.body = []
+        self.start = [HeaderBeginStmt()]
+
+        # Current tool and position
+        self.handled_tools = set()
+        self.cur_tool = None
+        self.drill_mode = ExcellonContext.MODE_DRILL
+        self.drill_down = False
+        self._pos = (None, None)
+
+        self.settings = settings
+
+        self._start_header()
+        self._start_comments()
+
+    def _start_header(self):
+        """Create the header from the settings"""
+
+        self.header.append(UnitStmt.from_settings(self.settings))
+
+        if self.settings.notation == 'incremental':
+            raise NotImplementedError('Incremental mode is not implemented')
+        else:
+            self.body.append(AbsoluteModeStmt())
+
+    def _start_comments(self):
+
+        # Write the digits used - this isn't valid Excellon statement, so we write as a comment
+        self.comments.append(CommentStmt('FILE_FORMAT=%d:%d' % (self.settings.format[0], self.settings.format[1])))
+
+    def _get_end(self):
+        """How we end depends on our mode"""
+
+        end = []
+
+        if self.drill_down:
+            end.append(RetractWithClampingStmt())
+            end.append(RetractWithoutClampingStmt())
+
+        end.append(EndOfProgramStmt())
+
+        return end
+
+    @property
+    def statements(self):
+        return self.start + self.comments + self.header + self.body_start + self.body + self._get_end()
+
+    def set_bounds(self, bounds, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def paint_background(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_line(self, line, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+    def _render_arc(self, arc, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _render_region(self, region, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _render_level_polarity(self, region):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _render_circle(self, circle, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _render_rectangle(self, rectangle, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _render_obround(self, obround, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _render_polygon(self, polygon, color):
+        raise ValueError('Invalid Excellon object')
+
+    def _simplify_point(self, point):
+        return (point[0] if point[0] != self._pos[0] else None, point[1] if point[1] != self._pos[1] else None)
+
+    def _render_drill(self, drill, color):
+
+        if self.drill_mode != ExcellonContext.MODE_DRILL:
+            self._start_drill_mode()
+
+        tool = drill.hit.tool
+        if not tool in self.handled_tools:
+            self.handled_tools.add(tool)
+            self.header.append(ExcellonTool.from_tool(tool))
+
+        if tool != self.cur_tool:
+            self.body.append(ToolSelectionStmt(tool.number))
+            self.cur_tool = tool
+
+        point = self._simplify_point(drill.position)
+        self._pos = drill.position
+        self.body.append(CoordinateStmt.from_point(point))
+
+    def _start_drill_mode(self):
+        """
+        If we are not in drill mode, then end the ROUT so we can do basic drilling
+        """
+
+        if self.drill_mode == ExcellonContext.MODE_SLOT:
+
+            # Make sure we are retracted before changing modes
+            last_cmd = self.body[-1]
+            if self.drill_down:
+                self.body.append(RetractWithClampingStmt())
+                self.body.append(RetractWithoutClampingStmt())
+                self.drill_down = False
+
+            # Switch to drill mode
+            self.body.append(DrillModeStmt())
+            self.drill_mode = ExcellonContext.MODE_DRILL
+
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('Should be in slot mode')
+
+    def _render_slot(self, slot, color):
+
+        # Set the tool first, before we might go into drill mode
+        tool = slot.hit.tool
+        if not tool in self.handled_tools:
+            self.handled_tools.add(tool)
+            self.header.append(ExcellonTool.from_tool(tool))
+
+        if tool != self.cur_tool:
+            self.body.append(ToolSelectionStmt(tool.number))
+            self.cur_tool = tool
+
+        # Two types of drilling - normal drill and slots
+        if slot.hit.slot_type == DrillSlot.TYPE_ROUT:
+
+            # For ROUT, setting the mode is part of the actual command.
+
+            # Are we in the right position?
+            if slot.start != self._pos:
+                if self.drill_down:
+                    # We need to move into the right position, so retract
+                    self.body.append(RetractWithClampingStmt())
+                    self.drill_down = False
+
+                # Move to the right spot
+                point = self._simplify_point(slot.start)
+                self._pos = slot.start
+                self.body.append(CoordinateStmt.from_point(point, mode="ROUT"))
+
+            # Now we are in the right spot, so drill down
+            if not self.drill_down:
+                self.body.append(ZAxisRoutPositionStmt())
+                self.drill_down = True
+
+            # Do a linear move from our current position to the end position
+            point = self._simplify_point(slot.end)
+            self._pos = slot.end
+            self.body.append(CoordinateStmt.from_point(point, mode="LINEAR"))
+
+            self.drill_mode = ExcellonContext.MODE_SLOT
+
+        else:
+            # This is a G85 slot, so do this in normally drilling mode
+            if self.drill_mode != ExcellonContext.MODE_DRILL:
+                self._start_drill_mode()
+
+            # Slots don't use simplified points
+            self._pos = slot.end
+            self.body.append(SlotStmt.from_points(slot.start, slot.end))
+
+    def _render_inverted_layer(self):
+        pass
diff --git a/gerber/render/render.py b/gerber/render/render.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..580a7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/render/render.py
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+# Modified from code by Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+Rendering
+============
+**Gerber (RS-274X) and Excellon file rendering**
+
+Render Gerber and Excellon files to a variety of formats. The render module
+currently supports SVG rendering using the `svgwrite` library.
+"""
+
+
+from ..primitives import *
+from ..gerber_statements import (CommentStmt, UnknownStmt, EofStmt, ParamStmt,
+                                 CoordStmt, ApertureStmt, RegionModeStmt,
+                                 QuadrantModeStmt,)
+
+
+class GerberContext(object):
+    """ Gerber rendering context base class
+
+    Provides basic functionality and API for rendering gerber files.  Medium-
+    specific renderers should subclass GerberContext and implement the drawing
+    functions. Colors are stored internally as 32-bit RGB and may need to be
+    converted to a native format in the rendering subclass.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    units : string
+        Measurement units. 'inch' or 'metric'
+
+    color : tuple (<float>, <float>, <float>)
+        Color used for rendering as a tuple of normalized (red, green, blue)
+        values.
+
+    drill_color : tuple (<float>, <float>, <float>)
+        Color used for rendering drill hits. Format is the same as for `color`.
+
+    background_color : tuple (<float>, <float>, <float>)
+        Color of the background. Used when exposing areas in 'clear' level
+        polarity mode. Format is the same as for `color`.
+
+    alpha : float
+        Rendering opacity. Between 0.0 (transparent) and 1.0 (opaque.)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, units='inch'):
+        self._units = units
+        self._color = (0.7215, 0.451, 0.200)
+        self._background_color = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        self._drill_color = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+        self._alpha = 1.0
+        self._invert = False
+        self.ctx = None
+
+    @property
+    def units(self):
+        return self._units
+
+    @units.setter
+    def units(self, units):
+        if units not in ('inch', 'metric'):
+            raise ValueError('Units may be "inch" or "metric"')
+        self._units = units
+
+    @property
+    def color(self):
+        return self._color
+
+    @color.setter
+    def color(self, color):
+        if len(color) != 3:
+            raise TypeError('Color must be a tuple of R, G, and B values')
+        for c in color:
+            if c < 0 or c > 1:
+                raise ValueError('Channel values must be between 0.0 and 1.0')
+        self._color = color
+
+    @property
+    def drill_color(self):
+        return self._drill_color
+
+    @drill_color.setter
+    def drill_color(self, color):
+        if len(color) != 3:
+            raise TypeError('Drill color must be a tuple of R, G, and B values')
+        for c in color:
+            if c < 0 or c > 1:
+                raise ValueError('Channel values must be between 0.0 and 1.0')
+        self._drill_color = color
+
+    @property
+    def background_color(self):
+        return self._background_color
+
+    @background_color.setter
+    def background_color(self, color):
+        if len(color) != 3:
+            raise TypeError('Background color must be a tuple of R, G, and B values')
+        for c in color:
+            if c < 0 or c > 1:
+                raise ValueError('Channel values must be between 0.0 and 1.0')
+        self._background_color = color
+
+    @property
+    def alpha(self):
+        return self._alpha
+
+    @alpha.setter
+    def alpha(self, alpha):
+        if alpha < 0 or alpha > 1:
+            raise ValueError('Alpha must be between 0.0 and 1.0')
+        self._alpha = alpha
+
+    @property
+    def invert(self):
+        return self._invert
+
+    @invert.setter
+    def invert(self, invert):
+        self._invert = invert
+
+    def render(self, primitive):
+        if not primitive:
+            return
+
+        self.pre_render_primitive(primitive)
+
+        color = self.color
+        if isinstance(primitive, Line):
+            self._render_line(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Arc):
+            self._render_arc(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Region):
+            self._render_region(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Circle):
+            self._render_circle(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Rectangle):
+            self._render_rectangle(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Obround):
+            self._render_obround(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Polygon):
+            self._render_polygon(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Drill):
+            self._render_drill(primitive, self.color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Slot):
+            self._render_slot(primitive, self.color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, AMGroup):
+            self._render_amgroup(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, Outline):
+            self._render_region(primitive, color)
+        elif isinstance(primitive, TestRecord):
+            self._render_test_record(primitive, color)
+
+        self.post_render_primitive(primitive)
+
+    def set_bounds(self, bounds, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Called by the renderer to set the extents of the file to render.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bounds: Tuple[Tuple[float, float], Tuple[float, float]]
+            ( (x_min, x_max), (y_min, y_max)
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def paint_background(self):
+        pass
+
+    def new_render_layer(self):
+        pass
+
+    def flatten(self):
+        pass
+
+    def pre_render_primitive(self, primitive):
+        """
+        Called before rendering a primitive. Use the callback to perform some action before rendering
+        a primitive, for example adding a comment.
+        """
+        return
+
+    def post_render_primitive(self, primitive):
+        """
+        Called after rendering a primitive. Use the callback to perform some action after rendering
+        a primitive
+        """
+        return
+
+
+    def _render_line(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_arc(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_region(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_circle(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_rectangle(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_obround(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_polygon(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_drill(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_slot(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_amgroup(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+    def _render_test_record(self, primitive, color):
+        pass
+
+
+class RenderSettings(object):
+    def __init__(self, color=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), alpha=1.0, invert=False,
+                 mirror=False):
+        self.color = color
+        self.alpha = alpha
+        self.invert = invert
+        self.mirror = mirror
diff --git a/gerber/render/rs274x_backend.py b/gerber/render/rs274x_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7af2ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/render/rs274x_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+"""Renders an in-memory Gerber file to statements which can be written to a string
+"""
+from copy import deepcopy
+
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except(ImportError):
+    from io import StringIO
+
+from .render import GerberContext
+from ..am_statements import *
+from ..gerber_statements import *
+from ..primitives import AMGroup, Arc, Circle, Line, Obround, Outline, Polygon, Rectangle
+
+
+class AMGroupContext(object):
+    '''A special renderer to generate aperature macros from an AMGroup'''
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.statements = []
+
+    def render(self, amgroup, name):
+
+        if amgroup.stmt:
+            # We know the statement it was generated from, so use that to create the AMParamStmt
+            # It will give a much better result
+
+            stmt = deepcopy(amgroup.stmt)
+            stmt.name = name
+
+            return stmt
+
+        else:
+            # Clone ourselves, then offset by the psotion so that
+            # our render doesn't have to consider offset. Just makes things simpler
+            nooffset_group = deepcopy(amgroup)
+            nooffset_group.position = (0, 0)
+
+            # Now draw the shapes
+            for primitive in nooffset_group.primitives:
+                if isinstance(primitive, Outline):
+                    self._render_outline(primitive)
+                elif isinstance(primitive, Circle):
+                    self._render_circle(primitive)
+                elif isinstance(primitive, Rectangle):
+                    self._render_rectangle(primitive)
+                elif isinstance(primitive, Line):
+                    self._render_line(primitive)
+                elif isinstance(primitive, Polygon):
+                    self._render_polygon(primitive)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('amgroup')
+
+            statement = AMParamStmt('AM', name, self._statements_to_string())
+            return statement
+
+    def _statements_to_string(self):
+        macro = ''
+
+        for statement in self.statements:
+            macro += statement.to_gerber()
+
+        return macro
+
+    def _render_circle(self, circle):
+        self.statements.append(AMCirclePrimitive.from_primitive(circle))
+
+    def _render_rectangle(self, rectangle):
+        self.statements.append(AMCenterLinePrimitive.from_primitive(rectangle))
+
+    def _render_line(self, line):
+        self.statements.append(AMVectorLinePrimitive.from_primitive(line))
+
+    def _render_outline(self, outline):
+        self.statements.append(AMOutlinePrimitive.from_primitive(outline))
+
+    def _render_polygon(self, polygon):
+        self.statements.append(AMPolygonPrimitive.from_primitive(polygon))
+
+    def _render_thermal(self, thermal):
+        pass
+
+
+class Rs274xContext(GerberContext):
+
+    def __init__(self, settings):
+        GerberContext.__init__(self)
+        self.comments = []
+        self.header = []
+        self.body = []
+        self.end = [EofStmt()]
+
+        # Current values so we know if we have to execute
+        # moves, levey changes before anything else
+        self._level_polarity = None
+        self._pos = (None, None)
+        self._func = None
+        self._quadrant_mode = None
+        self._dcode = None
+
+        # Primarily for testing and comarison to files, should we write
+        # flashes as a single statement or a move plus flash? Set to true
+        # to do in a single statement. Normally this can be false
+        self.condensed_flash = True
+
+        # When closing a region, force a D02 staement to close a region.
+        # This is normally not necessary because regions are closed with a G37
+        # staement, but this will add an extra statement for doubly close
+        # the region
+        self.explicit_region_move_end = False
+
+        self._next_dcode = 10
+        self._rects = {}
+        self._circles = {}
+        self._obrounds = {}
+        self._polygons = {}
+        self._macros = {}
+
+        self._i_none = 0
+        self._j_none = 0
+
+        self.settings = settings
+
+        self._start_header(settings)
+
+    def _start_header(self, settings):
+        self.header.append(FSParamStmt.from_settings(settings))
+        self.header.append(MOParamStmt.from_units(settings.units))
+
+    def _simplify_point(self, point):
+        return (point[0] if point[0] != self._pos[0] else None, point[1] if point[1] != self._pos[1] else None)
+
+    def _simplify_offset(self, point, offset):
+
+        if point[0] != offset[0]:
+            xoffset = point[0] - offset[0]
+        else:
+            xoffset = self._i_none
+
+        if point[1] != offset[1]:
+            yoffset = point[1] - offset[1]
+        else:
+            yoffset = self._j_none
+
+        return (xoffset, yoffset)
+
+    @property
+    def statements(self):
+        return self.comments + self.header + self.body + self.end
+
+    def set_bounds(self, bounds, *args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def paint_background(self):
+        pass
+
+    def _select_aperture(self, aperture):
+
+        # Select the right aperture if not already selected
+        if aperture:
+            if isinstance(aperture, Circle):
+                aper = self._get_circle(aperture.diameter, aperture.hole_diameter, aperture.hole_width, aperture.hole_height)
+            elif isinstance(aperture, Rectangle):
+                aper = self._get_rectangle(aperture.width, aperture.height)
+            elif isinstance(aperture, Obround):
+                aper = self._get_obround(aperture.width, aperture.height)
+            elif isinstance(aperture, AMGroup):
+                aper = self._get_amacro(aperture)
+            else:
+                raise NotImplementedError('Line with invalid aperture type')
+
+            if aper.d != self._dcode:
+                self.body.append(ApertureStmt(aper.d))
+                self._dcode = aper.d
+
+    def pre_render_primitive(self, primitive):
+
+        if hasattr(primitive, 'comment'):
+            self.body.append(CommentStmt(primitive.comment))
+
+    def _render_line(self, line, color, default_polarity='dark'):
+
+        self._select_aperture(line.aperture)
+
+        self._render_level_polarity(line, default_polarity)
+
+        # Get the right function
+        if self._func != CoordStmt.FUNC_LINEAR:
+            func = CoordStmt.FUNC_LINEAR
+        else:
+            func = None
+        self._func = CoordStmt.FUNC_LINEAR
+
+        if self._pos != line.start:
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.move(func, self._simplify_point(line.start)))
+            self._pos = line.start
+            # We already set the function, so the next command doesn't require that
+            func = None
+
+        point = self._simplify_point(line.end)
+
+        # In some files, we see a lot of duplicated ponts, so omit those
+        if point[0] != None or point[1] != None:
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.line(func, self._simplify_point(line.end)))
+            self._pos = line.end
+        elif func:
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.mode(func))
+
+    def _render_arc(self, arc, color, default_polarity='dark'):
+
+        # Optionally set the quadrant mode if it has changed:
+        if arc.quadrant_mode != self._quadrant_mode:
+
+            if arc.quadrant_mode != 'multi-quadrant':
+                self.body.append(QuadrantModeStmt.single())
+            else:
+                self.body.append(QuadrantModeStmt.multi())
+
+            self._quadrant_mode = arc.quadrant_mode
+
+        # Select the right aperture if not already selected
+        self._select_aperture(arc.aperture)
+
+        self._render_level_polarity(arc, default_polarity)
+
+        # Find the right movement mode. Always set to be sure it is really right
+        dir = arc.direction
+        if dir == 'clockwise':
+            func = CoordStmt.FUNC_ARC_CW
+            self._func = CoordStmt.FUNC_ARC_CW
+        elif dir == 'counterclockwise':
+            func = CoordStmt.FUNC_ARC_CCW
+            self._func = CoordStmt.FUNC_ARC_CCW
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid circular interpolation mode')
+
+        if self._pos != arc.start:
+            # TODO I'm not sure if this is right
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.move(CoordStmt.FUNC_LINEAR, self._simplify_point(arc.start)))
+            self._pos = arc.start
+
+        center = self._simplify_offset(arc.center, arc.start)
+        end = self._simplify_point(arc.end)
+        self.body.append(CoordStmt.arc(func, end, center))
+        self._pos = arc.end
+
+    def _render_region(self, region, color):
+
+        self._render_level_polarity(region)
+
+        self.body.append(RegionModeStmt.on())
+
+        for p in region.primitives:
+
+            # Make programmatically generated primitives within a region with
+            # unset level polarity inherit the region's level polarity
+            if isinstance(p, Line):
+                self._render_line(p, color, default_polarity=region.level_polarity)
+            else:
+                self._render_arc(p, color, default_polarity=region.level_polarity)
+
+        if self.explicit_region_move_end:
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.move(None, None))
+
+        self.body.append(RegionModeStmt.off())
+
+    def _render_level_polarity(self, obj, default='dark'):
+        obj_polarity = obj.level_polarity if obj.level_polarity is not None else default
+        if obj_polarity != self._level_polarity:
+            self._level_polarity = obj_polarity
+            self.body.append(LPParamStmt('LP', obj_polarity))
+
+    def _render_flash(self, primitive, aperture):
+
+        self._render_level_polarity(primitive)
+
+        if aperture.d != self._dcode:
+            self.body.append(ApertureStmt(aperture.d))
+            self._dcode = aperture.d
+
+        if self.condensed_flash:
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.flash(self._simplify_point(primitive.position)))
+        else:
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.move(None, self._simplify_point(primitive.position)))
+            self.body.append(CoordStmt.flash(None))
+
+        self._pos = primitive.position
+
+    def _get_circle(self, diameter, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None,
+                    hole_height=None, dcode = None):
+        '''Define a circlar aperture'''
+
+        key = (diameter, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+        aper = self._circles.get(key, None)
+
+        if not aper:
+            if not dcode:
+                dcode = self._next_dcode
+                self._next_dcode += 1
+            else:
+                self._next_dcode = max(dcode + 1, self._next_dcode)
+
+            aper = ADParamStmt.circle(dcode, diameter, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+            self._circles[(diameter, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)] = aper
+            self.header.append(aper)
+
+        return aper
+
+    def _render_circle(self, circle, color):
+
+        aper = self._get_circle(circle.diameter, circle.hole_diameter, circle.hole_width, circle.hole_height)
+        self._render_flash(circle, aper)
+
+    def _get_rectangle(self, width, height, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None,
+                       hole_height=None, dcode = None):
+        '''Get a rectanglar aperture. If it isn't defined, create it'''
+
+        key = (width, height, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+        aper = self._rects.get(key, None)
+
+        if not aper:
+            if not dcode:
+                dcode = self._next_dcode
+                self._next_dcode += 1
+            else:
+                self._next_dcode = max(dcode + 1, self._next_dcode)
+
+            aper = ADParamStmt.rect(dcode, width, height, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+            self._rects[(width, height, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)] = aper
+            self.header.append(aper)
+
+        return aper
+
+    def _render_rectangle(self, rectangle, color):
+
+        aper = self._get_rectangle(rectangle.width, rectangle.height,
+                                   rectangle.hole_diameter,
+                                   rectangle.hole_width, rectangle.hole_height)
+        self._render_flash(rectangle, aper)
+
+    def _get_obround(self, width, height, hole_diameter=None, hole_width=None,
+                     hole_height=None, dcode = None):
+
+        key = (width, height, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+        aper = self._obrounds.get(key, None)
+
+        if not aper:
+            if not dcode:
+                dcode = self._next_dcode
+                self._next_dcode += 1
+            else:
+                self._next_dcode = max(dcode + 1, self._next_dcode)
+
+            aper = ADParamStmt.obround(dcode, width, height, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+            self._obrounds[key] = aper
+            self.header.append(aper)
+
+        return aper
+
+    def _render_obround(self, obround, color):
+
+        aper = self._get_obround(obround.width, obround.height,
+                                 obround.hole_diameter, obround.hole_width,
+                                 obround.hole_height)
+        self._render_flash(obround, aper)
+
+    def _render_polygon(self, polygon, color):
+
+        aper = self._get_polygon(polygon.radius, polygon.sides,
+                                 polygon.rotation, polygon.hole_diameter,
+                                 polygon.hole_width, polygon.hole_height)
+        self._render_flash(polygon, aper)
+
+    def _get_polygon(self, radius, num_vertices, rotation, hole_diameter=None,
+                     hole_width=None, hole_height=None, dcode = None):
+
+        key = (radius, num_vertices, rotation, hole_diameter, hole_width, hole_height)
+        aper = self._polygons.get(key, None)
+
+        if not aper:
+            if not dcode:
+                dcode = self._next_dcode
+                self._next_dcode += 1
+            else:
+                self._next_dcode = max(dcode + 1, self._next_dcode)
+
+            aper = ADParamStmt.polygon(dcode, radius * 2, num_vertices,
+                                       rotation, hole_diameter, hole_width,
+                                       hole_height)
+            self._polygons[key] = aper
+            self.header.append(aper)
+
+        return aper
+
+    def _render_drill(self, drill, color):
+        raise ValueError('Drills are not valid in RS274X files')
+
+    def _hash_amacro(self, amgroup):
+        '''Calculate a very quick hash code for deciding if we should even check AM groups for comparision'''
+
+        # We always start with an X because this forms part of the name
+        # Basically, in some cases, the name might start with a C, R, etc. That can appear
+        # to conflict with normal aperture definitions. Technically, it shouldn't because normal
+        # aperture definitions should have a comma, but in some cases the commit is omitted
+        hash = 'X'
+        for primitive in amgroup.primitives:
+
+            hash += primitive.__class__.__name__[0]
+
+            bbox = primitive.bounding_box
+            hash += str((bbox[0][1] - bbox[0][0]) * 100000)[0:2]
+            hash += str((bbox[1][1] - bbox[1][0]) * 100000)[0:2]
+
+            if hasattr(primitive, 'primitives'):
+                hash += str(len(primitive.primitives))
+
+            if isinstance(primitive, Rectangle):
+                hash += str(primitive.width * 1000000)[0:2]
+                hash += str(primitive.height * 1000000)[0:2]
+            elif isinstance(primitive, Circle):
+                hash += str(primitive.diameter * 1000000)[0:2]
+
+            if len(hash) > 20:
+                # The hash might actually get quite complex, so stop before
+                # it gets too long
+                break
+
+        return hash
+
+    def _get_amacro(self, amgroup, dcode = None):
+        # Macros are a little special since we don't have a good way to compare them quickly
+        # but in most cases, this should work
+
+        hash = self._hash_amacro(amgroup)
+        macro = None
+        macroinfo = self._macros.get(hash, None)
+
+        if macroinfo:
+
+            # We have a definition, but check that the groups actually are the same
+            for macro in macroinfo:
+
+                # Macros should have positions, right? But if the macro is selected for non-flashes
+                # then it won't have a position. This is of course a bad gerber, but they do exist
+                if amgroup.position:
+                    position = amgroup.position
+                else:
+                    position = (0, 0)
+
+                offset = (position[0] - macro[1].position[0], position[1] - macro[1].position[1])
+                if amgroup.equivalent(macro[1], offset):
+                    break
+                macro = None
+
+        # Did we find one in the group0
+        if not macro:
+            # This is a new macro, so define it
+            if not dcode:
+                dcode = self._next_dcode
+                self._next_dcode += 1
+            else:
+                self._next_dcode = max(dcode + 1, self._next_dcode)
+
+            # Create the statements
+            # TODO
+            amrenderer = AMGroupContext()
+            statement = amrenderer.render(amgroup, hash)
+
+            self.header.append(statement)
+
+            aperdef = ADParamStmt.macro(dcode, hash)
+            self.header.append(aperdef)
+
+            # Store the dcode and the original so we can check if it really is the same
+            # If it didn't have a postition, set it to 0, 0
+            if amgroup.position == None:
+                amgroup.position = (0, 0)
+            macro = (aperdef, amgroup)
+
+            if macroinfo:
+                macroinfo.append(macro)
+            else:
+                self._macros[hash] = [macro]
+
+        return macro[0]
+
+    def _render_amgroup(self, amgroup, color):
+
+        aper = self._get_amacro(amgroup)
+        self._render_flash(amgroup, aper)
+
+    def _render_inverted_layer(self):
+        pass
+
+    def new_render_layer(self):
+        # TODO Might need to implement this
+        pass
+
+    def flatten(self):
+        # TODO Might need to implement this
+        pass
+
+    def dump(self):
+        """Write the rendered file to a StringIO steam"""
+        statements = map(lambda stmt: stmt.to_gerber(self.settings), self.statements)
+        stream = StringIO()
+        for statement in statements:
+            stream.write(statement + '\n')
+
+        return stream
diff --git a/gerber/render/theme.py b/gerber/render/theme.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f558a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/render/theme.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2013-2014 Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+from .render import RenderSettings
+
+COLORS = {
+    'black': (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    'white': (1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
+    'red': (1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    'green': (0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+    'yellow': (1.0, 1.0, 0),
+    'blue': (0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
+    'fr-4': (0.290, 0.345, 0.0),
+    'green soldermask': (0.0, 0.412, 0.278),
+    'blue soldermask': (0.059, 0.478, 0.651),
+    'red soldermask': (0.968, 0.169, 0.165),
+    'black soldermask': (0.298, 0.275, 0.282),
+    'purple soldermask': (0.2, 0.0, 0.334),
+    'enig copper': (0.694, 0.533, 0.514),
+    'hasl copper': (0.871, 0.851, 0.839)
+}
+
+
+SPECTRUM = [
+    (0.804, 0.216, 0),
+    (0.78, 0.776, 0.251),
+    (0.545, 0.451, 0.333),
+    (0.545, 0.137, 0.137),
+    (0.329, 0.545, 0.329),
+    (0.133, 0.545, 0.133),
+    (0, 0.525, 0.545),
+    (0.227, 0.373, 0.804),
+]
+
+
+class Theme(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, name=None, **kwargs):
+        self.name = 'Default' if name is None else name
+        self.background = kwargs.get('background', RenderSettings(COLORS['fr-4']))
+        self.topsilk = kwargs.get('topsilk', RenderSettings(COLORS['white']))
+        self.bottomsilk = kwargs.get('bottomsilk', RenderSettings(COLORS['white'], mirror=True))
+        self.topmask = kwargs.get('topmask', RenderSettings(COLORS['green soldermask'], alpha=0.85, invert=True))
+        self.bottommask = kwargs.get('bottommask', RenderSettings(COLORS['green soldermask'], alpha=0.85, invert=True, mirror=True))
+        self.top = kwargs.get('top', RenderSettings(COLORS['hasl copper']))
+        self.bottom = kwargs.get('bottom', RenderSettings(COLORS['hasl copper'], mirror=True))
+        self.drill = kwargs.get('drill', RenderSettings(COLORS['black']))
+        self.ipc_netlist = kwargs.get('ipc_netlist', RenderSettings(COLORS['red']))
+        self._internal = kwargs.get('internal', [RenderSettings(x) for x in SPECTRUM])
+        self._internal_gen = None
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return getattr(self, key)
+
+    @property
+    def internal(self):
+        if not self._internal_gen:
+            self._internal_gen = self._internal_gen_func()
+        return next(self._internal_gen)
+
+    def _internal_gen_func(self):
+        for setting in self._internal:
+            yield setting
+
+    def get(self, key, noneval=None):
+        val = getattr(self, key, None)
+        return val if val is not None else noneval
+
+
+THEMES = {
+    'default': Theme(),
+    'OSH Park': Theme(name='OSH Park',
+                      background=RenderSettings(COLORS['purple soldermask']),
+                      top=RenderSettings(COLORS['enig copper']),
+                      bottom=RenderSettings(COLORS['enig copper'], mirror=True),
+                      topmask=RenderSettings(COLORS['purple soldermask'], alpha=0.85, invert=True),
+                      bottommask=RenderSettings(COLORS['purple soldermask'], alpha=0.85, invert=True, mirror=True),
+                      topsilk=RenderSettings(COLORS['white'], alpha=0.8),
+                      bottomsilk=RenderSettings(COLORS['white'], alpha=0.8, mirror=True)),
+
+    'Blue': Theme(name='Blue',
+                  topmask=RenderSettings(COLORS['blue soldermask'], alpha=0.8, invert=True),
+                  bottommask=RenderSettings(COLORS['blue soldermask'], alpha=0.8, invert=True)),
+
+    'Transparent Copper': Theme(name='Transparent',
+                                background=RenderSettings((0.9, 0.9, 0.9)),
+                                top=RenderSettings(COLORS['red'], alpha=0.5),
+                                bottom=RenderSettings(COLORS['blue'], alpha=0.5),
+                                drill=RenderSettings((0.3, 0.3, 0.3))),
+
+    'Transparent Multilayer': Theme(name='Transparent Multilayer',
+                                    background=RenderSettings((0, 0, 0)),
+                                    top=RenderSettings(SPECTRUM[0], alpha=0.8),
+                                    bottom=RenderSettings(SPECTRUM[-1], alpha=0.8),
+                                    drill=RenderSettings((0.3, 0.3, 0.3)),
+                                    internal=[RenderSettings(x, alpha=0.5) for x in SPECTRUM[1:-1]]),
+}
diff --git a/gerber/rs274x.py b/gerber/rs274x.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afdf45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/rs274x.py
@@ -0,0 +1,800 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+# Modified from parser.py by Paulo Henrique Silva <ph.silva@gmail.com>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+""" This module provides an RS-274-X class and parser.
+"""
+
+import copy
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except(ImportError):
+    from io import StringIO
+
+from .gerber_statements import *
+from .primitives import *
+from .cam import CamFile, FileSettings
+from .utils import sq_distance
+
+
+def read(filename):
+    """ Read data from filename and return a GerberFile
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filename : string
+        Filename of file to parse
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : :class:`gerber.rs274x.GerberFile`
+        A GerberFile created from the specified file.
+    """
+    return GerberParser().parse(filename)
+
+
+def loads(data, filename=None):
+    """ Generate a GerberFile object from rs274x data in memory
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing gerber file contents
+
+    filename : string, optional
+        string containing the filename of the data source
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    file : :class:`gerber.rs274x.GerberFile`
+        A GerberFile created from the specified file.
+    """
+    return GerberParser().parse_raw(data, filename)
+
+
+class GerberFile(CamFile):
+    """ A class representing a single gerber file
+
+    The GerberFile class represents a single gerber file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    statements : list
+        list of gerber file statements
+
+    settings : dict
+        Dictionary of gerber file settings
+
+    filename : string
+        Filename of the source gerber file
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    comments: list of strings
+        List of comments contained in the gerber file.
+
+    size : tuple, (<float>, <float>)
+        Size in [self.units] of the layer described by the gerber file.
+
+    bounds: tuple, ((<float>, <float>), (<float>, <float>))
+        boundaries of the layer described by the gerber file.
+        `bounds` is stored as ((min x, max x), (min y, max y))
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, statements, settings, primitives, apertures, filename=None):
+        super(GerberFile, self).__init__(statements, settings, primitives, filename)
+
+        self.apertures = apertures
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self):
+        return [comment.comment for comment in self.statements
+                if isinstance(comment, CommentStmt)]
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        xbounds, ybounds = self.bounds
+        return (xbounds[1] - xbounds[0], ybounds[1] - ybounds[0])
+
+    @property
+    def bounds(self):
+        min_x = min_y = 1000000
+        max_x = max_y = -1000000
+
+        for stmt in [stmt for stmt in self.statements if isinstance(stmt, CoordStmt)]:
+            if stmt.x is not None:
+                min_x = min(stmt.x, min_x)
+                max_x = max(stmt.x, max_x)
+
+            if stmt.y is not None:
+                min_y = min(stmt.y, min_y)
+                max_y = max(stmt.y, max_y)
+
+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))
+
+    @property
+    def bounding_box(self):
+        min_x = min_y = 1000000
+        max_x = max_y = -1000000
+
+        for prim in self.primitives:
+            bounds = prim.bounding_box
+            min_x = min(bounds[0][0], min_x)
+            max_x = max(bounds[0][1], max_x)
+
+            min_y = min(bounds[1][0], min_y)
+            max_y = max(bounds[1][1], max_y)
+
+        return ((min_x, max_x), (min_y, max_y))
+
+    def write(self, filename, settings=None):
+        """ Write data out to a gerber file.
+        """
+        with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+            for statement in self.statements:
+                f.write(statement.to_gerber(settings or self.settings))
+                f.write("\n")
+
+    def to_inch(self):
+        if self.units != 'inch':
+            self.units = 'inch'
+            for statement in self.statements:
+                statement.to_inch()
+            for primitive in self.primitives:
+                primitive.to_inch()
+
+    def to_metric(self):
+        if self.units != 'metric':
+            self.units = 'metric'
+            for statement in self.statements:
+                statement.to_metric()
+            for primitive in self.primitives:
+                primitive.to_metric()
+
+    def offset(self, x_offset=0,  y_offset=0):
+        for statement in self.statements:
+            statement.offset(x_offset, y_offset)
+        for primitive in self.primitives:
+            primitive.offset(x_offset, y_offset)
+
+
+class GerberParser(object):
+    """ GerberParser
+    """
+    NUMBER = r"[\+-]?\d+"
+    DECIMAL = r"[\+-]?\d+([.]?\d+)?"
+    STRING = r"[a-zA-Z0-9_+\-/!?<>”’(){}.\|&@# :]+"
+    NAME = r"[a-zA-Z_$\.][a-zA-Z_$\.0-9+\-]+"
+
+    FS = r"(?P<param>FS)(?P<zero>(L|T|D))?(?P<notation>(A|I))[NG0-9]*X(?P<x>[0-7][0-7])Y(?P<y>[0-7][0-7])[DM0-9]*"
+    MO = r"(?P<param>MO)(?P<mo>(MM|IN))"
+    LP = r"(?P<param>LP)(?P<lp>(D|C))"
+    AD_CIRCLE = r"(?P<param>AD)D(?P<d>\d+)(?P<shape>C)[,]?(?P<modifiers>[^,%]*)"
+    AD_RECT = r"(?P<param>AD)D(?P<d>\d+)(?P<shape>R)[,](?P<modifiers>[^,%]*)"
+    AD_OBROUND = r"(?P<param>AD)D(?P<d>\d+)(?P<shape>O)[,](?P<modifiers>[^,%]*)"
+    AD_POLY = r"(?P<param>AD)D(?P<d>\d+)(?P<shape>P)[,](?P<modifiers>[^,%]*)"
+    AD_MACRO = r"(?P<param>AD)D(?P<d>\d+)(?P<shape>{name})[,]?(?P<modifiers>[^,%]*)".format(name=NAME)
+    AM = r"(?P<param>AM)(?P<name>{name})\*(?P<macro>[^%]*)".format(name=NAME)
+    # Include File
+    IF = r"(?P<param>IF)(?P<filename>.*)"
+
+
+    # begin deprecated
+    AS = r"(?P<param>AS)(?P<mode>(AXBY)|(AYBX))"
+    IN = r"(?P<param>IN)(?P<name>.*)"
+    IP = r"(?P<param>IP)(?P<ip>(POS|NEG))"
+    IR = r"(?P<param>IR)(?P<angle>{number})".format(number=NUMBER)
+    MI = r"(?P<param>MI)(A(?P<a>0|1))?(B(?P<b>0|1))?"
+    OF = r"(?P<param>OF)(A(?P<a>{decimal}))?(B(?P<b>{decimal}))?".format(decimal=DECIMAL)
+    SF = r"(?P<param>SF)(?P<discarded>.*)"
+    LN = r"(?P<param>LN)(?P<name>.*)"
+    DEPRECATED_UNIT = re.compile(r'(?P<mode>G7[01])\*')
+    DEPRECATED_FORMAT = re.compile(r'(?P<format>G9[01])\*')
+    # end deprecated
+
+    PARAMS = (FS, MO, LP, AD_CIRCLE, AD_RECT, AD_OBROUND, AD_POLY,
+              AD_MACRO, AM, AS, IF, IN, IP, IR, MI, OF, SF, LN)
+
+    PARAM_STMT = [re.compile(r"%?{0}\*%?".format(p)) for p in PARAMS]
+
+    COORD_FUNCTION = r"G0?[123]"
+    COORD_OP = r"D0?[123]"
+
+    COORD_STMT = re.compile((
+        r"(?P<function>{function})?"
+        r"(X(?P<x>{number}))?(Y(?P<y>{number}))?"
+        r"(I(?P<i>{number}))?(J(?P<j>{number}))?"
+        r"(?P<op>{op})?\*".format(number=NUMBER, function=COORD_FUNCTION, op=COORD_OP)))
+
+    APERTURE_STMT = re.compile(r"(?P<deprecated>(G54)|(G55))?D(?P<d>\d+)\*")
+
+    COMMENT_STMT = re.compile(r"G0?4(?P<comment>[^*]*)(\*)?")
+
+    EOF_STMT = re.compile(r"(?P<eof>M[0]?[012])\*")
+
+    REGION_MODE_STMT = re.compile(r'(?P<mode>G3[67])\*')
+    QUAD_MODE_STMT = re.compile(r'(?P<mode>G7[45])\*')
+
+    # Keep include loop from crashing us
+    INCLUDE_FILE_RECURSION_LIMIT = 10
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.filename = None
+        self.settings = FileSettings()
+        self.statements = []
+        self.primitives = []
+        self.apertures = {}
+        self.macros = {}
+        self.current_region = None
+        self.x = 0
+        self.y = 0
+        self.op = "D02"
+        self.aperture = 0
+        self.interpolation = 'linear'
+        self.direction = 'clockwise'
+        self.image_polarity = 'positive'
+        self.level_polarity = 'dark'
+        self.region_mode = 'off'
+        self.quadrant_mode = 'multi-quadrant'
+        self.step_and_repeat = (1, 1, 0, 0)
+        self._recursion_depth = 0
+
+    def parse(self, filename):
+        self.filename = filename
+        with open(filename, "rU") as fp:
+            data = fp.read()
+        return self.parse_raw(data, filename)
+
+    def parse_raw(self, data, filename=None):
+        self.filename = filename
+        for stmt in self._parse(self._split_commands(data)):
+            self.evaluate(stmt)
+            self.statements.append(stmt)
+
+        # Initialize statement units
+        for stmt in self.statements:
+            stmt.units = self.settings.units
+
+        return GerberFile(self.statements, self.settings, self.primitives, self.apertures.values(), filename)
+
+    def _split_commands(self, data):
+        """
+        Split the data into commands. Commands end with * (and also newline to help with some badly formatted files)
+        """
+
+        length = len(data)
+        start = 0
+        in_header = True
+
+        for cur in range(0, length):
+
+            val = data[cur]
+
+            if val == '%' and start == cur:
+                in_header = True
+                continue
+
+            if val == '\r' or val == '\n':
+                if start != cur:
+                    yield data[start:cur]
+                start = cur + 1
+
+            elif not in_header and val == '*':
+                yield data[start:cur + 1]
+                start = cur + 1
+
+            elif in_header and val == '%':
+                yield data[start:cur + 1]
+                start = cur + 1
+                in_header = False
+
+    def dump_json(self):
+        stmts = {"statements": [stmt.__dict__ for stmt in self.statements]}
+        return json.dumps(stmts)
+
+    def dump_str(self):
+        string = ""
+        for stmt in self.statements:
+            string += str(stmt) + "\n"
+        return string
+
+    def _parse(self, data):
+        oldline = ''
+
+        for line in data:
+            line = oldline + line.strip()
+
+            # skip empty lines
+            if not len(line):
+                continue
+
+            # deal with multi-line parameters
+            if line.startswith("%") and not line.endswith("%") and not "%" in line[1:]:
+                oldline = line
+                continue
+
+            did_something = True  # make sure we do at least one loop
+            while did_something and len(line) > 0:
+                did_something = False
+
+                # consume empty data blocks
+                if line[0] == '*':
+                    line = line[1:]
+                    did_something = True
+                    continue
+
+                # coord
+                (coord, r) = _match_one(self.COORD_STMT, line)
+                if coord:
+                    yield CoordStmt.from_dict(coord, self.settings)
+                    line = r
+                    did_something = True
+                    continue
+
+                # aperture selection
+                (aperture, r) = _match_one(self.APERTURE_STMT, line)
+                if aperture:
+                    yield ApertureStmt(**aperture)
+                    did_something = True
+                    line = r
+                    continue
+
+                # parameter
+                (param, r) = _match_one_from_many(self.PARAM_STMT, line)
+
+                if param:
+                    if param["param"] == "FS":
+                        stmt = FSParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                        self.settings.zero_suppression = stmt.zero_suppression
+                        self.settings.format = stmt.format
+                        self.settings.notation = stmt.notation
+                        yield stmt
+                    elif param["param"] == "MO":
+                        stmt = MOParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                        self.settings.units = stmt.mode
+                        yield stmt
+                    elif param["param"] == "LP":
+                        yield LPParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "AD":
+                        yield ADParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "AM":
+                        stmt = AMParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                        stmt.units = self.settings.units
+                        yield stmt
+                    elif param["param"] == "OF":
+                        yield OFParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "IF":
+                        # Don't crash on include loop
+                        if self._recursion_depth < self.INCLUDE_FILE_RECURSION_LIMIT:
+                            self._recursion_depth += 1
+                            with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self.filename), param["filename"]), 'r') as f:
+                                inc_data = f.read()
+                            for stmt in self._parse(self._split_commands(inc_data)):
+                                yield stmt
+                            self._recursion_depth -= 1
+                        else:
+                            raise IOError("Include file nesting depth limit exceeded.")
+                    elif param["param"] == "IN":
+                        yield INParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "LN":
+                        yield LNParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    # deprecated commands AS, IN, IP, IR, MI, OF, SF, LN
+                    elif param["param"] == "AS":
+                        yield ASParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "IN":
+                        yield INParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "IP":
+                        yield IPParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "IR":
+                        yield IRParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "MI":
+                        yield MIParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "OF":
+                        yield OFParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "SF":
+                        yield SFParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    elif param["param"] == "LN":
+                        yield LNParamStmt.from_dict(param)
+                    else:
+                        yield UnknownStmt(line)
+
+                    did_something = True
+                    line = r
+                    continue
+
+                # Region Mode
+                (mode, r) = _match_one(self.REGION_MODE_STMT, line)
+                if mode:
+                    yield RegionModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+                    line = r
+                    did_something = True
+                    continue
+
+                # Quadrant Mode
+                (mode, r) = _match_one(self.QUAD_MODE_STMT, line)
+                if mode:
+                    yield QuadrantModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+                    line = r
+                    did_something = True
+                    continue
+
+                # comment
+                (comment, r) = _match_one(self.COMMENT_STMT, line)
+                if comment:
+                    yield CommentStmt(comment["comment"])
+                    did_something = True
+                    line = r
+                    continue
+
+                # deprecated codes
+                (deprecated_unit, r) = _match_one(self.DEPRECATED_UNIT, line)
+                if deprecated_unit:
+                    stmt = MOParamStmt(param="MO", mo="inch" if "G70" in
+                                       deprecated_unit["mode"] else "metric")
+                    self.settings.units = stmt.mode
+                    yield stmt
+                    line = r
+                    did_something = True
+                    continue
+
+                (deprecated_format, r) = _match_one(self.DEPRECATED_FORMAT, line)
+                if deprecated_format:
+                    yield DeprecatedStmt.from_gerber(line)
+                    line = r
+                    did_something = True
+                    continue
+
+                # eof
+                (eof, r) = _match_one(self.EOF_STMT, line)
+                if eof:
+                    yield EofStmt()
+                    did_something = True
+                    line = r
+                    continue
+
+                if line.find('*') > 0:
+                    yield UnknownStmt(line)
+                    did_something = True
+                    line = ""
+                    continue
+
+            oldline = line
+
+    def evaluate(self, stmt):
+        """ Evaluate Gerber statement and update image accordingly.
+
+        This method is called once for each statement in the file as it
+        is parsed.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        statement : Statement
+            Gerber/Excellon statement to evaluate.
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(stmt, CoordStmt):
+            self._evaluate_coord(stmt)
+
+        elif isinstance(stmt, ParamStmt):
+            self._evaluate_param(stmt)
+
+        elif isinstance(stmt, ApertureStmt):
+            self._evaluate_aperture(stmt)
+
+        elif isinstance(stmt, (RegionModeStmt, QuadrantModeStmt)):
+            self._evaluate_mode(stmt)
+
+        elif isinstance(stmt, (CommentStmt, UnknownStmt, DeprecatedStmt, EofStmt)):
+            return
+
+        else:
+            raise Exception("Invalid statement to evaluate")
+
+    def _define_aperture(self, d, shape, modifiers):
+        aperture = None
+        if shape == 'C':
+            diameter = modifiers[0][0]
+
+            hole_diameter = 0
+            rectangular_hole = (0, 0)
+            if len(modifiers[0]) == 2:
+                hole_diameter = modifiers[0][1]
+            elif len(modifiers[0]) == 3:
+                rectangular_hole = modifiers[0][1:3]
+
+            aperture = Circle(position=None, diameter=diameter,
+                              hole_diameter=hole_diameter,
+                              hole_width=rectangular_hole[0],
+                              hole_height=rectangular_hole[1],
+                              units=self.settings.units)
+
+        elif shape == 'R':
+            width = modifiers[0][0]
+            height = modifiers[0][1]
+
+            hole_diameter = 0
+            rectangular_hole = (0, 0)
+            if len(modifiers[0]) == 3:
+                hole_diameter = modifiers[0][2]
+            elif len(modifiers[0]) == 4:
+                rectangular_hole = modifiers[0][2:4]
+
+            aperture = Rectangle(position=None, width=width, height=height,
+                                 hole_diameter=hole_diameter,
+                                 hole_width=rectangular_hole[0],
+                                 hole_height=rectangular_hole[1],
+                                 units=self.settings.units)
+        elif shape == 'O':
+            width = modifiers[0][0]
+            height = modifiers[0][1]
+
+            hole_diameter = 0
+            rectangular_hole = (0, 0)
+            if len(modifiers[0]) == 3:
+                hole_diameter = modifiers[0][2]
+            elif len(modifiers[0]) == 4:
+                rectangular_hole = modifiers[0][2:4]
+
+            aperture = Obround(position=None, width=width, height=height,
+                               hole_diameter=hole_diameter,
+                               hole_width=rectangular_hole[0],
+                               hole_height=rectangular_hole[1],
+                               units=self.settings.units)
+        elif shape == 'P':
+            outer_diameter = modifiers[0][0]
+            number_vertices = int(modifiers[0][1])
+            if len(modifiers[0]) > 2:
+                rotation = modifiers[0][2]
+            else:
+                rotation = 0
+
+            hole_diameter = 0
+            rectangular_hole = (0, 0)
+            if len(modifiers[0]) == 4:
+                hole_diameter = modifiers[0][3]
+            elif len(modifiers[0]) >= 5:
+                rectangular_hole = modifiers[0][3:5]
+
+            aperture = Polygon(position=None, sides=number_vertices,
+                               radius=outer_diameter/2.0,
+                               hole_diameter=hole_diameter,
+                               hole_width=rectangular_hole[0],
+                               hole_height=rectangular_hole[1],
+                               rotation=rotation)
+        else:
+            aperture = self.macros[shape].build(modifiers)
+
+        aperture.units = self.settings.units
+        self.apertures[d] = aperture
+
+    def _evaluate_mode(self, stmt):
+        if stmt.type == 'RegionMode':
+            if self.region_mode == 'on' and stmt.mode == 'off':
+                # Sometimes we have regions that have no points. Skip those
+                if self.current_region:
+                    self.primitives.append(Region(self.current_region,
+                                                  level_polarity=self.level_polarity, units=self.settings.units))
+
+                self.current_region = None
+            self.region_mode = stmt.mode
+        elif stmt.type == 'QuadrantMode':
+            self.quadrant_mode = stmt.mode
+
+    def _evaluate_param(self, stmt):
+        if stmt.param == "FS":
+            self.settings.zero_suppression = stmt.zero_suppression
+            self.settings.format = stmt.format
+            self.settings.notation = stmt.notation
+        elif stmt.param == "MO":
+            self.settings.units = stmt.mode
+        elif stmt.param == "IP":
+            self.image_polarity = stmt.ip
+        elif stmt.param == "LP":
+            self.level_polarity = stmt.lp
+        elif stmt.param == "AM":
+            self.macros[stmt.name] = stmt
+        elif stmt.param == "AD":
+            self._define_aperture(stmt.d, stmt.shape, stmt.modifiers)
+
+    def _evaluate_coord(self, stmt):
+        x = self.x if stmt.x is None else stmt.x
+        y = self.y if stmt.y is None else stmt.y
+
+        if stmt.function in ("G01", "G1"):
+            self.interpolation = 'linear'
+        elif stmt.function in ('G02', 'G2', 'G03', 'G3'):
+            self.interpolation = 'arc'
+            self.direction = ('clockwise' if stmt.function in
+                              ('G02', 'G2') else 'counterclockwise')
+
+        if stmt.only_function:
+            # Sometimes we get a coordinate statement
+            # that only sets the function. If so, don't
+            # try futher otherwise that might draw/flash something
+            return
+
+        if stmt.op:
+            self.op = stmt.op
+        else:
+            # no implicit op allowed, force here if coord block doesn't have it
+            stmt.op = self.op
+
+        if self.op == "D01" or self.op == "D1":
+            start = (self.x, self.y)
+            end = (x, y)
+
+            if self.interpolation == 'linear':
+                if self.region_mode == 'off':
+                    self.primitives.append(Line(start, end,
+                                                self.apertures[self.aperture],
+                                                level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                                units=self.settings.units))
+                else:
+                    # from gerber spec revision J3, Section 4.5, page 55:
+                    #  The segments are not graphics objects in themselves; segments are part of region which is the graphics object. The segments have no thickness.
+                    # The current aperture is associated with the region.
+                    # This has no graphical effect, but allows all its attributes to
+                    # be applied to the region.
+
+                    if self.current_region is None:
+                        self.current_region = [Line(start, end,
+                                                    self.apertures.get(self.aperture,
+                                                                       Circle((0, 0), 0)),
+                                                    level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                                    units=self.settings.units), ]
+                    else:
+                        self.current_region.append(Line(start, end,
+                                                        self.apertures.get(self.aperture,
+                                                                           Circle((0, 0), 0)),
+                                                        level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                                        units=self.settings.units))
+            else:
+                i = 0 if stmt.i is None else stmt.i
+                j = 0 if stmt.j is None else stmt.j
+                center = self._find_center(start, end, (i, j))
+                if self.region_mode == 'off':
+                    self.primitives.append(Arc(start, end, center, self.direction,
+                                               self.apertures[self.aperture],
+                                               quadrant_mode=self.quadrant_mode,
+                                               level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                               units=self.settings.units))
+                else:
+                    if self.current_region is None:
+                        self.current_region = [Arc(start, end, center, self.direction,
+                                                   self.apertures.get(self.aperture, Circle((0,0), 0)),
+                                                   quadrant_mode=self.quadrant_mode,
+                                                   level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                                   units=self.settings.units),]
+                    else:
+                        self.current_region.append(Arc(start, end, center, self.direction,
+                                                       self.apertures.get(self.aperture, Circle((0,0), 0)),
+                                                       quadrant_mode=self.quadrant_mode,
+                                                       level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                                       units=self.settings.units))
+                    # Gerbv seems to reset interpolation mode in regions..
+                    # TODO: Make sure this is right.
+                    self.interpolation = 'linear'
+
+        elif self.op == "D02" or self.op == "D2":
+
+            if self.region_mode == "on":
+                # D02 in the middle of a region finishes that region and starts a new one
+                if self.current_region and len(self.current_region) > 1:
+                    self.primitives.append(Region(self.current_region,
+                                                  level_polarity=self.level_polarity,
+                                                  units=self.settings.units))
+                self.current_region = None
+
+        elif self.op == "D03" or self.op == "D3":
+            primitive = copy.deepcopy(self.apertures[self.aperture])
+
+            if primitive is not None:
+
+                if not isinstance(primitive, AMParamStmt):
+                    primitive.position = (x, y)
+                    primitive.level_polarity = self.level_polarity
+                    primitive.units = self.settings.units
+                    self.primitives.append(primitive)
+                else:
+                    # Aperture Macro
+                    for am_prim in primitive.primitives:
+                        renderable = am_prim.to_primitive((x, y),
+                                                          self.level_polarity,
+                                                          self.settings.units)
+                        if renderable is not None:
+                            self.primitives.append(renderable)
+        self.x, self.y = x, y
+
+    def _find_center(self, start, end, offsets):
+        """
+        In single quadrant mode, the offsets are always positive, which means
+        there are 4 possible centers. The correct center is the only one that
+        results in an arc with sweep angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees
+        in the specified direction
+        """
+        two_pi = 2 * math.pi
+        if self.quadrant_mode == 'single-quadrant':
+            # The Gerber spec says single quadrant only has one possible center,
+            # and you can detect it based on the angle. But for real files, this
+            # seems to work better - there is usually only one option that makes
+            # sense for the center (since the distance should be the same
+            # from start and end). We select the center with the least error in
+            # radius from all the options with a valid sweep angle.
+
+            sqdist_diff_min = sys.maxsize
+            center = None
+            for factors in [(1, 1), (1, -1), (-1, 1), (-1, -1)]:
+
+                test_center = (start[0] + offsets[0] * factors[0],
+                               start[1] + offsets[1] * factors[1])
+
+                # Find angle from center to start and end points
+                start_angle = math.atan2(*reversed([_start - _center for _start, _center in zip(start, test_center)]))
+                end_angle = math.atan2(*reversed([_end - _center for _end, _center in zip(end, test_center)]))
+
+                # Clamp angles to 0, 2pi
+                theta0 = (start_angle + two_pi) % two_pi
+                theta1 = (end_angle + two_pi) % two_pi
+
+                # Determine sweep angle in the current arc direction
+                if self.direction == 'counterclockwise':
+                    sweep_angle = abs(theta1 - theta0)
+                else:
+                    theta0 += two_pi
+                    sweep_angle = abs(theta0 - theta1) % two_pi
+
+                # Calculate the radius error
+                sqdist_start = sq_distance(start, test_center)
+                sqdist_end = sq_distance(end, test_center)
+                sqdist_diff = abs(sqdist_start - sqdist_end)
+
+                # Take the option with the lowest radius error from the set of
+                # options with a valid sweep angle
+                # In some rare cases, the sweep angle is numerically (10**-14) above pi/2
+                # So it is safer to compare the angles with some tolerance
+                is_lowest_radius_error = sqdist_diff < sqdist_diff_min
+                is_valid_sweep_angle = sweep_angle >= 0 and sweep_angle <= math.pi / 2.0 + 1e-6
+                if is_lowest_radius_error and is_valid_sweep_angle:
+                    center = test_center
+                    sqdist_diff_min = sqdist_diff
+            return center
+        else:
+            return (start[0] + offsets[0], start[1] + offsets[1])
+
+    def _evaluate_aperture(self, stmt):
+        self.aperture = stmt.d
+
+def _match_one(expr, data):
+    match = expr.match(data)
+    if match is None:
+        return ({}, None)
+    else:
+        return (match.groupdict(), data[match.end(0):])
+
+
+def _match_one_from_many(exprs, data):
+    for expr in exprs:
+        match = expr.match(data)
+        if match:
+            return (match.groupdict(), data[match.end(0):])
+
+    return ({}, None)
diff --git a/gerber/tests/__init__.py b/gerber/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/__init__.py
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_am_exposure_modifier.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_am_exposure_modifier.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dac951f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_am_exposure_modifier.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_coincident_hole.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_coincident_hole.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9855b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_coincident_hole.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_cutin_multiple.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_cutin_multiple.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebc1191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_cutin_multiple.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_circle.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_circle.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c407f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_circle.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_obround.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_obround.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fd4dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_obround.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_polygon.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_polygon.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89a964b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_polygon.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_rectangle.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_rectangle.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..797e0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_flash_rectangle.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_fully_coincident.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_fully_coincident.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e522ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_fully_coincident.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_holes_dont_clear.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_holes_dont_clear.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7efb67b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_holes_dont_clear.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_not_overlapping_contour.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_not_overlapping_contour.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e522ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_not_overlapping_contour.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_not_overlapping_touching.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_not_overlapping_touching.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d485495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_not_overlapping_touching.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_overlapping_contour.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_overlapping_contour.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7504311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_overlapping_contour.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_overlapping_touching.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_overlapping_touching.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7504311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_overlapping_touching.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_simple_contour.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_simple_contour.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..564ae14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_simple_contour.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_contour.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_contour.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3341638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_contour.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_contour_3.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_contour_3.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eecfee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_contour_3.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_quadrant.gbr b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_quadrant.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0a3166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_quadrant.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+%FSLAX23Y23*%
+%MOIN*%
+%ADD10C,0.01*%
+G74*
+D10*
+%LPD*%
+G01X1100Y600D02*
+G03X700Y1000I-400J0D01*
+G03X300Y600I0J-400D01*
+G03X700Y200I400J0D01*
+G03X1100Y600I0J400D01*
+G01X300D02*
+X1100D01*
+X700Y200D02*
+Y1000D01*
+M02*
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_quadrant.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_quadrant.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89b763f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_single_quadrant.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_two_square_boxes.gbr b/gerber/tests/golden/example_two_square_boxes.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5c60d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_two_square_boxes.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,0.01*%
+D10*
+%LPD*%
+G01X0Y0D02*
+X500000D01*
+Y500000D01*
+X0D01*
+Y0D01*
+X600000D02*
+X1100000D01*
+Y500000D01*
+X600000D01*
+Y0D01*
+M02*
diff --git a/gerber/tests/golden/example_two_square_boxes.png b/gerber/tests/golden/example_two_square_boxes.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98d0518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/golden/example_two_square_boxes.png
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/board_outline.GKO b/gerber/tests/resources/board_outline.GKO
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40b8c7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/board_outline.GKO
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+G75*
+%MOIN*%
+%OFA0B0*%
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%IPPOS*%
+%LPD*%
+%AMOC8*
+5,1,8,0,0,1.08239X$1,22.5*
+%
+%ADD10C,0.0000*%
+%ADD11C,0.0004*%
+D10*
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diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/bottom_copper.GBL b/gerber/tests/resources/bottom_copper.GBL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d98da3
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diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_am_exposure_modifier.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_am_exposure_modifier.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f3f3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_am_exposure_modifier.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+G04 Umaco example for exposure modifier and clearing area*
+%FSLAX26Y26*%
+%MOIN*%
+%AMSQUAREWITHHOLE*
+21,0.1,1,1,0,0,0*
+1,0,0.5,0,0*%
+%ADD10SQUAREWITHHOLE*%
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+X1000000Y250000D01*
+D10*
+X0Y0D03*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_coincident_hole.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_coincident_hole.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f896ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_coincident_hole.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+G04 ex2: overlapping*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%SRX1Y1I0.000J0.000*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X0Y50000D02*
+Y100000D01*
+X100000D01*
+Y0D01*
+X0D01*
+Y50000D01*
+G04 first fully coincident linear segment*
+X10000D01*
+X50000Y10000D01*
+X90000Y50000D01*
+X50000Y90000D01*
+X10000Y50000D01*
+G04 second fully coincident linear segment*
+X0D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_cutin.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_cutin.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365e5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_cutin.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+G04 Umaco uut-in example*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+G75*
+G36*
+X20000Y100000D02*
+G01*
+X120000D01*
+Y20000D01*
+X20000D01*
+Y60000D01*
+X50000D01*
+G03*
+X50000Y60000I30000J0D01*
+G01*
+X20000D01*
+Y100000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_cutin_multiple.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_cutin_multiple.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e19429
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_cutin_multiple.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+G04 multiple cutins*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%SRX1Y1I0.000J0.000*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X1220000Y2570000D02*
+G01*
+Y2720000D01*
+X1310000D01*
+Y2570000D01*
+X1250000D01*
+Y2600000D01*
+X1290000D01*
+Y2640000D01*
+X1250000D01*
+Y2670000D01*
+X1290000D01*
+Y2700000D01*
+X1250000D01*
+Y2670000D01*
+Y2640000D01*
+Y2600000D01*
+Y2570000D01*
+X1220000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_circle.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_circle.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20b2566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_circle.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+G04 Flashes of circular apertures*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,0.5*%
+%ADD11C,0.5X0.25*%
+D10*
+X000000Y000000D03*
+D11*
+X010000D03*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_obround.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_obround.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5313f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_obround.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+G04 Flashes of rectangular apertures*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10O,0.46X0.26*%
+%ADD11O,0.46X0.26X0.19*%
+D10*
+X000000Y000000D03*
+D11*
+X010000D03*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_polygon.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_polygon.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..177cf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_polygon.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+G04 Flashes of rectangular apertures*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10P,.40X6*%
+%ADD11P,.40X6X0.0X0.19*%
+D10*
+X000000Y000000D03*
+D11*
+X010000D03*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_rectangle.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_rectangle.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fde812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_flash_rectangle.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+G04 Flashes of rectangular apertures*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10R,0.44X0.25*%
+%ADD11R,0.44X0.25X0.19*%
+D10*
+X000000Y000000D03*
+D11*
+X010000D03*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_fully_coincident.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_fully_coincident.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3764128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_fully_coincident.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+G04 ex1: non overlapping*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X0Y50000D02*
+Y100000D01*
+X100000D01*
+Y0D01*
+X0D01*
+Y50000D01*
+G04 first fully coincident linear segment*
+X-10000D01*
+X-50000Y10000D01*
+X-90000Y50000D01*
+X-50000Y90000D01*
+X-10000Y50000D01*
+G04 second fully coincident linear segment*
+X0D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_guess_by_content.g0 b/gerber/tests/resources/example_guess_by_content.g0
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b26afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_guess_by_content.g0
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+G04 ULTIpost,  Date: Nov. 01, 2017 09:40 *
+G04 Design file: C:\example_guess_by_content.g0 *
+G04 Layer name: Bottom *
+G04 Scale: 100 percent, Rotated: Yes, Reflected: No *
+G75*
+%MOIN*%
+%OFA0B0*%
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%IPPOS*%
+%LPD*%
+%AMOC8*
+5,1,8,0,0,1.08239X$1,22.5*
+%
+%ADD10R,0.0340X0.0880*%
+%ADD11R,0.0671X0.0237*%
+%ADD12R,0.4178X0.4332*%
+%ADD13R,0.0930X0.0500*%
+%ADD14R,0.0710X0.1655*%
+%ADD15R,0.0671X0.0592*%
+%ADD16R,0.0592X0.0671*%
+%ADD17R,0.0710X0.1615*%
+%ADD18R,0.1419X0.0828*%
+%ADD19C,0.0634*%
+%ADD20C,0.1360*%
+%ADD21R,0.0474X0.0580*%
+%ADD22C,0.0680*%
+%ADD23R,0.0552X0.0552*%
+%ADD24C,0.1340*%
+%ADD25C,0.0476*%
+D10*
+X005000Y010604D03*
+X005500Y010604D03*
+X006000Y010604D03*
+X006500Y010604D03*
+X006500Y013024D03*
+X006000Y013024D03*
+X005500Y013024D03*
+X005000Y013024D03*
+D11*
+X011423Y007128D03*
+X011423Y006872D03*
+X011423Y006616D03*
+X011423Y006360D03*
+X011423Y006104D03*
+X011423Y005848D03*
+X011423Y005592D03*
+X011423Y005336D03*
+X011423Y005080D03*
+X011423Y004825D03*
+X011423Y004569D03*
+X011423Y004313D03*
+X011423Y004057D03*
+X011423Y003801D03*
+X014277Y003801D03*
+X014277Y004057D03*
+X014277Y004313D03*
+X014277Y004569D03*
+X014277Y004825D03*
+X014277Y005080D03*
+X014277Y005336D03*
+X014277Y005592D03*
+X014277Y005848D03*
+X014277Y006104D03*
+X014277Y006360D03*
+X014277Y006616D03*
+X014277Y006872D03*
+X014277Y007128D03*
+D12*
+X009350Y010114D03*
+D13*
+X012630Y010114D03*
+X012630Y010784D03*
+X012630Y011454D03*
+X012630Y009444D03*
+X012630Y008774D03*
+D14*
+X010000Y013467D03*
+X010000Y016262D03*
+D15*
+X004150Y012988D03*
+X004150Y012240D03*
+X009900Y005688D03*
+X009900Y004940D03*
+X015000Y006240D03*
+X015000Y006988D03*
+D16*
+X014676Y008364D03*
+X015424Y008364D03*
+X017526Y004514D03*
+X018274Y004514D03*
+X010674Y004064D03*
+X009926Y004064D03*
+X004174Y009564D03*
+X003426Y009564D03*
+X005376Y014564D03*
+X006124Y014564D03*
+D17*
+X014250Y016088D03*
+X014250Y012741D03*
+D18*
+X014250Y010982D03*
+X014250Y009447D03*
+D19*
+X017200Y009464D03*
+X018200Y009964D03*
+X018200Y010964D03*
+X017200Y010464D03*
+X017200Y011464D03*
+X018200Y011964D03*
+D20*
+X020700Y012714D03*
+X020700Y008714D03*
+D21*
+X005004Y003814D03*
+X005004Y004864D03*
+X005004Y005864D03*
+X005004Y006914D03*
+X008696Y006914D03*
+X008696Y005864D03*
+X008696Y004864D03*
+X008696Y003814D03*
+D22*
+X001800Y008564D02*
+X001200Y008564D01*
+X001200Y009564D02*
+X001800Y009564D01*
+X001800Y010564D02*
+X001200Y010564D01*
+X001200Y011564D02*
+X001800Y011564D01*
+X001800Y012564D02*
+X001200Y012564D01*
+X005350Y016664D02*
+X005350Y017264D01*
+X006350Y017264D02*
+X006350Y016664D01*
+X007350Y016664D02*
+X007350Y017264D01*
+X017350Y017114D02*
+X017350Y016514D01*
+X018350Y016514D02*
+X018350Y017114D01*
+D23*
+X016613Y004514D03*
+X015787Y004514D03*
+D24*
+X020800Y005064D03*
+X020800Y016064D03*
+X002300Y016064D03*
+X002350Y005114D03*
+D25*
+X009250Y004064D03*
+X012100Y005314D03*
+X013500Y006864D03*
+X015650Y006264D03*
+X015200Y004514D03*
+X013550Y008764D03*
+X013350Y010114D03*
+X013300Y011464D03*
+X011650Y013164D03*
+X010000Y015114D03*
+X006500Y013714D03*
+X004150Y011564D03*
+X014250Y014964D03*
+X015850Y009914D03*
+M02*
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_holes_dont_clear.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_holes_dont_clear.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deeebd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_holes_dont_clear.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+G04 Demonstrates that apertures with holes do not clear the area - only the aperture hole*
+%FSLAX26Y26*%
+%MOIN*%
+%ADD10C,1X0.5*%
+%ADD11C,0.1*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+D11*
+X-1000000Y-250000D02*
+X1000000Y250000D01*
+D10*
+X0Y0D03*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_level_holes.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_level_holes.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b4e189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_level_holes.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+G04 This file illustrates how to use levels to create holes*
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOMM*%
+G01*
+G04 First level: big square - dark polarity*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X250000Y250000D02*
+X1750000D01*
+Y1750000D01*
+X250000D01*
+Y250000D01*
+G37*
+G04 Second level: big circle - clear polarity*
+%LPC*%
+G36*
+G75*
+X500000Y1000000D02*
+G03*
+X500000Y1000000I500000J0D01*
+G37*
+G04 Third level: small square - dark polarity*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X750000Y750000D02*
+X1250000D01*
+Y1250000D01*
+X750000D01*
+Y750000D01*
+G37*
+G04 Fourth level: small circle - clear polarity*
+%LPC*%
+G36*
+G75*
+X1150000Y1000000D02*
+G03*
+X1150000Y1000000I250000J0D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_not_overlapping_contour.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_not_overlapping_contour.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3ea631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_not_overlapping_contour.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+G04 Non-overlapping contours*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X0Y50000D02*
+Y100000D01*
+X100000D01*
+Y0D01*
+X0D01*
+Y50000D01*
+X-10000D02*
+X-50000Y10000D01*
+X-90000Y50000D01*
+X-50000Y90000D01*
+X-10000Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_not_overlapping_touching.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_not_overlapping_touching.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b9b955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_not_overlapping_touching.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+G04 Non-overlapping and touching*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X0Y50000D02*
+Y100000D01*
+X100000D01*
+Y0D01*
+X0D01*
+Y50000D01*
+D02*
+X-50000Y10000D01*
+X-90000Y50000D01*
+X-50000Y90000D01*
+X0Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_overlapping_contour.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_overlapping_contour.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74886a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_overlapping_contour.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+G04 Overlapping contours*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X0Y50000D02*
+Y100000D01*
+X100000D01*
+Y0D01*
+X0D01*
+Y50000D01*
+X10000D02*
+X50000Y10000D01*
+X90000Y50000D01*
+X50000Y90000D01*
+X10000Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_overlapping_touching.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_overlapping_touching.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27fce15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_overlapping_touching.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+G04 Overlapping and touching*
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD10C,1.00000*%
+G01*
+%LPD*%
+G36*
+X0Y50000D02*
+Y100000D01*
+X100000D01*
+Y0D01*
+X0D01*
+Y50000D01*
+D02*
+X50000Y10000D01*
+X90000Y50000D01*
+X50000Y90000D01*
+X0Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_simple_contour.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_simple_contour.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d851760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_simple_contour.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+G04 Ucamco ex. 4.6.4: Simple contour*
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOIN*%
+%ADD10C,0.010*%
+G36*
+X200000Y300000D02*
+G01*
+X700000D01*
+Y100000D01*
+X1100000Y500000D01*
+X700000Y900000D01*
+Y700000D01*
+X200000D01*
+Y300000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_1.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_1.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f9a75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_1.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+G04 Ucamco ex. 4.6.5: Single contour #1*
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD11C,0.01*%
+G01*
+D11*
+X3000Y5000D01*
+G36*
+X50000Y50000D02*
+X60000D01*
+Y60000D01*
+X50000D01*
+Y50000Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_2.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_2.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..085c72c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_2.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+G04 Ucamco ex. 4.6.5: Single contour #2*
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD11C,0.01*%
+G01*
+D11*
+X3000Y5000D01*
+X50000Y50000D02*
+G36*
+X60000D01*
+Y60000D01*
+X50000D01*
+Y50000Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_3.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_3.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40de149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_contour_3.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+G04 Ucamco ex. 4.6.5: Single contour #2*
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOMM*%
+%ADD11C,0.01*%
+G01*
+D11*
+X3000Y5000D01*
+X50000Y50000D01*
+G36*
+X60000D01*
+Y60000D01*
+X50000D01*
+Y50000Y50000D01*
+G37*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_quadrant.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_quadrant.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c398601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_single_quadrant.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+G04 Ucamco ex. 4.5.8: Single quadrant*
+%FSLAX23Y23*%
+%MOIN*%
+%ADD10C,0.010*%
+G74*
+D10*
+X1100Y600D02*
+G03*
+X700Y1000I400J0D01*
+X300Y600I0J400D01*
+X700Y200I400J0D01*
+X1100Y600I0J400D01*
+X300D02*
+G01*
+X1100D01*
+X700Y200D02*
+Y1000D01*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/example_two_square_boxes.gbr b/gerber/tests/resources/example_two_square_boxes.gbr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54a8ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/example_two_square_boxes.gbr
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+G04 Ucamco ex. 1: Two square boxes*
+%FSLAX25Y25*%
+%MOMM*%
+%TF.Part,Other*%
+%LPD*%
+%ADD10C,0.010*%
+D10*
+X0Y0D02*
+G01*
+X500000Y0D01*
+Y500000D01*
+X0D01*
+Y0D01*
+X600000D02*
+X1100000D01*
+Y500000D01*
+X600000D01*
+Y0D01*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/ipc-d-356.ipc b/gerber/tests/resources/ipc-d-356.ipc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ed3f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/ipc-d-356.ipc
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+C  IPC-D-356 generated by EAGLE Version 7.1.0 Copyright (c) 1988-2014 CadSoft
+C  Database /Some/Path/To/File
+C
+P  JOB EAGLE 7.1 NETLIST, DATE: 2/20/15 12:00 AM
+P  UNITS CUST 0
+P  DIM N
+P  NNAME1 A_REALLY_LONG_NET_NAME
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+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X   3850Y   8500X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X   6200Y  10650X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X   8950Y   1000X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X  11800Y   2250X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X  15350Y   3200X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X  13200Y   3800X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X   9700Y  12050X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X  13950Y  11900X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X  13050Y   7050X 396Y 396
+317GND              VIA         D  24PA00X  13000Y   8400X 396Y 396
+317N$3              VIA         D  24PA00X  11350Y  10100X 396Y 396
+317N$3              VIA         D  24PA00X  13250Y   5700X 396Y 396
+317VCC              VIA         D  24PA00X  15550Y   6850X 396Y 396
+327N$3              C1    -+          A01X   9700Y  10402X1575Y 630R270
+327GND              C1    --          A01X   9700Y  13198X1575Y 630R270
+327VCC              C2    -+          A01X  13950Y   9677X1535Y 630R270
+327GND              C2    --          A01X  13950Y  13023X1535Y 630R270
+327VCC              C3    -1          A01X   3850Y   9924X 512Y 591R270
+327GND              C3    -2          A01X   3850Y   9176X 512Y 591R270
+327VCC              C4    -1          A01X  10374Y   1000X 512Y 591R180
+327GND              C4    -2          A01X   9626Y   1000X 512Y 591R180
+327VCC              C5    -1          A01X  14700Y   3924X 512Y 591R270
+327GND              C5    -2          A01X  14700Y   3176X 512Y 591R270
+317DMX+             DMX   -1    D  40PA00X   5050Y  13900X 600Y1200R 90
+317DMX-             DMX   -2    D  40PA00X   6050Y  13900X 600Y1200R 90
+317GND              DMX   -3    D  40PA00X   7050Y  13900X 600Y1200R 90
+317PIC_MCLR         J1    -1    D  35PA00X  16900Y   6400X 554Y 554R 90
+317VCC              J1    -2    D  35PA00X  17900Y   6900X 554Y 554R 90
+317GND              J1    -3    D  35PA00X  16900Y   7400X 554Y 554R 90
+317PIC_PGD          J1    -4    D  35PA00X  17900Y   7900X 554Y 554R 90
+317PIC_PGC          J1    -5    D  35PA00X  16900Y   8400X 554Y 554R 90
+317                 J1    -6    D  35PA00X  17900Y   8900X 554Y 554R 90
+327N$4              L1    -1          A01X  13950Y   6382X 748Y1339R 90
+327VCC              L1    -2          A01X  13950Y   7918X 748Y1339R 90
+327N$5              LED1  -A          A01X  16313Y   1450X 472Y 472R  0
+327GND              LED1  -C          A01X  15487Y   1450X 472Y 472R  0
+317                 MIDI  -1    D  40PA00X   1200Y   9500X 600Y1200R  0
+317                 MIDI  -2    D  40PA00X   1200Y   8500X 600Y1200R  0
+317                 MIDI  -3    D  40PA00X   1200Y   7500X 600Y1200R  0
+317N$9              MIDI  -4    D  40PA00X   1200Y   6500X 600Y1200R  0
+317N$10             MIDI  -5    D  40PA00X   1200Y   5500X 600Y1200R  0
+317N$3              PWR   -1    D  40PA00X  17050Y  13750X 600Y1200R 90
+317GND              PWR   -2    D  40PA00X  18050Y  13750X 600Y1200R 90
+327DMX+             R1    -1          A01X   5076Y  11500X 512Y 591R  0
+327DMX-             R1    -2          A01X   5824Y  11500X 512Y 591R  0
+327VCC              R2    -1          A01X  14376Y   5300X 512Y 591R  0
+327PIC_MCLR         R2    -2          A01X  15124Y   5300X 512Y 591R  0
+327N$9              R3    -1          A01X   3126Y   6500X 512Y 591R  0
+327N$6              R3    -2          A01X   3874Y   6500X 512Y 591R  0
+327PIC_RX           R4    -1          A01X   9600Y   2624X 512Y 591R270
+327VCC              R4    -2          A01X   9600Y   1876X 512Y 591R270
+327VCC              R5    -1          A01X  17974Y   1450X 512Y 591R180
+327N$5              R5    -2          A01X  17226Y   1450X 512Y 591R180
+327N$3              U1    -1          A01X  12330Y   5710X 420Y 850R 90
+327N$4              U1    -2          A01X  12330Y   6380X 420Y 850R 90
+327GND              U1    -3          A01X  12330Y   7050X 420Y 850R 90
+327VCC              U1    -4          A01X  12330Y   7720X 420Y 850R 90
+327GND              U1    -5          A01X  12330Y   8390X 420Y 850R 90
+327                 U1    -6          A01X   9050Y   7050X4252Y4098R 90
+327PIC_MCLR         U2    -1          A01X  11123Y   4063X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -2          A01X  11123Y   3807X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -3          A01X  11123Y   3552X 157Y 591R270
+327N$1              U2    -4          A01X  11123Y   3296X 157Y 591R270
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+327PIC_RX           U2    -6          A01X  11123Y   2784X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -7          A01X  11123Y   2528X 157Y 591R270
+327GND              U2    -8          A01X  11123Y   2272X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -9          A01X  11123Y   2016X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -10         A01X  11123Y   1760X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -11         A01X  11123Y   1504X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -12         A01X  11123Y   1248X 157Y 591R270
+327VCC              U2    -13         A01X  11123Y    993X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -14         A01X  11123Y    737X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -15         A01X  13977Y    737X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -16         A01X  13977Y    993X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -17         A01X  13977Y   1248X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -18         A01X  13977Y   1504X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -19         A01X  13977Y   1760X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -20         A01X  13977Y   2016X 157Y 591R270
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+327                 U2    -23         A01X  13977Y   2784X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -24         A01X  13977Y   3040X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -25         A01X  13977Y   3296X 157Y 591R270
+327                 U2    -26         A01X  13977Y   3552X 157Y 591R270
+327GND              U2    -27         A01X  13977Y   3807X 157Y 591R270
+327VCC              U2    -28         A01X  13977Y   4063X 157Y 591R270
+327N$2              U3    -1          A01X   4700Y   7540X 260Y 800R  0
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+327VCC              U3    -3          A01X   5700Y   7540X 260Y 800R  0
+327N$1              U3    -4          A01X   6200Y   7540X 260Y 800R  0
+327GND              U3    -5          A01X   6200Y   9960X 260Y 800R  0
+327DMX-             U3    -6          A01X   5700Y   9960X 260Y 800R  0
+327DMX+             U3    -7          A01X   5200Y   9960X 260Y 800R  0
+327VCC              U3    -8          A01X   4700Y   9960X 260Y 800R  0
+327                 U4    -1          A01X   4704Y   3850X 394Y 500R  0
+327N$6              U4    -2          A01X   4704Y   2800X 394Y 500R  0
+327N$10             U4    -3          A01X   4704Y   1800X 394Y 500R  0
+327                 U4    -4          A01X   4704Y    750X 394Y 500R  0
+327GND              U4    -5          A01X   8396Y    750X 394Y 500R  0
+327PIC_RX           U4    -6          A01X   8396Y   1800X 394Y 500R  0
+327                 U4    -7          A01X   8396Y   2800X 394Y 500R  0
+327VCC              U4    -8          A01X   8396Y   3850X 394Y 500R  0
+327NNAME1           NA    -69         A01X   8396Y   3850X 394Y 500R  0
+389BOARD_EDGE         X0Y0 X22500 Y15000 X0
+089                   X1300Y240
+999
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/multiline_read.ger b/gerber/tests/resources/multiline_read.ger
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02242e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/multiline_read.ger
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+G75*
+G71*
+%OFA0B0*%
+%FSLAX23Y23*%
+%IPPOS*%
+%LPD*%
+%ADD10C,0.1*%
+%LPD*%D10*
+M02*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/ncdrill.DRD b/gerber/tests/resources/ncdrill.DRD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ced00ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/ncdrill.DRD
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+%
+M48
+M72
+T01C0.0236
+T02C0.0354
+T03C0.0400
+T04C0.1260
+T05C0.1280
+%
+T01
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+T03
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diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/top_copper.GTL b/gerber/tests/resources/top_copper.GTL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c848e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/top_copper.GTL
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+G75*
+%MOIN*%
+%OFA0B0*%
+%FSLAX24Y24*%
+%IPPOS*%
+%LPD*%
+G04This is a comment,:*
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+%ADD26C,0.0396*%
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diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/top_mask.GTS b/gerber/tests/resources/top_mask.GTS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3886f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/resources/top_mask.GTS
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diff --git a/gerber/tests/resources/top_silk.GTO b/gerber/tests/resources/top_silk.GTO
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_am_statements.py b/gerber/tests/test_am_statements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d100b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_am_statements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+import pytest
+
+from ..am_statements import *
+from ..am_statements import inch, metric
+
+
+def test_AMPrimitive_ctor():
+    for exposure in ("on", "off", "ON", "OFF"):
+        for code in (0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20, 21, 22):
+            p = AMPrimitive(code, exposure)
+            assert p.code == code
+            assert p.exposure == exposure.lower()
+
+
+def test_AMPrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, AMPrimitive, "1", "off")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMPrimitive, 0, "exposed")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMPrimitive, 3, "off")
+
+
+def test_AMPrimitive_conversion():
+    p = AMPrimitive(4, "on")
+    pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, p.to_inch)
+    pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, p.to_metric)
+
+
+def test_AMCommentPrimitive_ctor():
+    c = AMCommentPrimitive(0, " This is a comment *")
+    assert c.code == 0
+    assert c.comment == "This is a comment"
+
+
+def test_AMCommentPrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMCommentPrimitive, 1, "This is a comment")
+
+
+def test_AMCommentPrimitive_factory():
+    c = AMCommentPrimitive.from_gerber("0 Rectangle with rounded corners. *")
+    assert c.code == 0
+    assert c.comment == "Rectangle with rounded corners."
+
+
+def test_AMCommentPrimitive_dump():
+    c = AMCommentPrimitive(0, "Rectangle with rounded corners.")
+    assert c.to_gerber() == "0 Rectangle with rounded corners. *"
+
+
+def test_AMCommentPrimitive_conversion():
+    c = AMCommentPrimitive(0, "Rectangle with rounded corners.")
+    ci = c
+    cm = c
+    ci.to_inch()
+    cm.to_metric()
+    assert c == ci
+    assert c == cm
+
+
+def test_AMCommentPrimitive_string():
+    c = AMCommentPrimitive(0, "Test Comment")
+    assert str(c) == "<Aperture Macro Comment: Test Comment>"
+
+
+def test_AMCirclePrimitive_ctor():
+    test_cases = (
+        (1, "on", 0, (0, 0)),
+        (1, "off", 1, (0, 1)),
+        (1, "on", 2.5, (0, 2)),
+        (1, "off", 5.0, (3, 3)),
+    )
+    for code, exposure, diameter, position in test_cases:
+        c = AMCirclePrimitive(code, exposure, diameter, position)
+        assert c.code == code
+        assert c.exposure == exposure
+        assert c.diameter == diameter
+        assert c.position == position
+
+
+def test_AMCirclePrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMCirclePrimitive, 2, "on", 0, (0, 0))
+
+
+def test_AMCirclePrimitive_factory():
+    c = AMCirclePrimitive.from_gerber("1,0,5,0,0*")
+    assert c.code == 1
+    assert c.exposure == "off"
+    assert c.diameter == 5
+    assert c.position == (0, 0)
+
+
+def test_AMCirclePrimitive_dump():
+    c = AMCirclePrimitive(1, "off", 5, (0, 0))
+    assert c.to_gerber() == "1,0,5,0,0*"
+    c = AMCirclePrimitive(1, "on", 5, (0, 0))
+    assert c.to_gerber() == "1,1,5,0,0*"
+
+
+def test_AMCirclePrimitive_conversion():
+    c = AMCirclePrimitive(1, "off", 25.4, (25.4, 0))
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.diameter == 1
+    assert c.position == (1, 0)
+
+    c = AMCirclePrimitive(1, "off", 1, (1, 0))
+    c.to_metric()
+    assert c.diameter == 25.4
+    assert c.position == (25.4, 0)
+
+
+def test_AMVectorLinePrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, AMVectorLinePrimitive, 3, "on", 0.1, (0, 0), (3.3, 5.4), 0
+    )
+
+
+def test_AMVectorLinePrimitive_factory():
+    l = AMVectorLinePrimitive.from_gerber("20,1,0.9,0,0.45,12,0.45,0*")
+    assert l.code == 20
+    assert l.exposure == "on"
+    assert l.width == 0.9
+    assert l.start == (0, 0.45)
+    assert l.end == (12, 0.45)
+    assert l.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_AMVectorLinePrimitive_dump():
+    l = AMVectorLinePrimitive.from_gerber("20,1,0.9,0,0.45,12,0.45,0*")
+    assert l.to_gerber() == "20,1,0.9,0.0,0.45,12.0,0.45,0.0*"
+
+
+def test_AMVectorLinePrimtive_conversion():
+    l = AMVectorLinePrimitive(20, "on", 25.4, (0, 0), (25.4, 25.4), 0)
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.width == 1
+    assert l.start == (0, 0)
+    assert l.end == (1, 1)
+
+    l = AMVectorLinePrimitive(20, "on", 1, (0, 0), (1, 1), 0)
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.width == 25.4
+    assert l.start == (0, 0)
+    assert l.end == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+
+def test_AMOutlinePrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        AMOutlinePrimitive,
+        7,
+        "on",
+        (0, 0),
+        [(3.3, 5.4), (4.0, 5.4), (0, 0)],
+        0,
+    )
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        AMOutlinePrimitive,
+        4,
+        "on",
+        (0, 0),
+        [(3.3, 5.4), (4.0, 5.4), (0, 1)],
+        0,
+    )
+
+
+def test_AMOutlinePrimitive_factory():
+    o = AMOutlinePrimitive.from_gerber("4,1,3,0,0,3,3,3,0,0,0,0*")
+    assert o.code == 4
+    assert o.exposure == "on"
+    assert o.start_point == (0, 0)
+    assert o.points == [(3, 3), (3, 0), (0, 0)]
+    assert o.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_AMOUtlinePrimitive_dump():
+    o = AMOutlinePrimitive(4, "on", (0, 0), [(3, 3), (3, 0), (0, 0)], 0)
+    # New lines don't matter for Gerber, but we insert them to make it easier to remove
+    # For test purposes we can ignore them
+    assert o.to_gerber().replace("\n", "") == "4,1,3,0,0,3,3,3,0,0,0,0*"
+
+
+def test_AMOutlinePrimitive_conversion():
+    o = AMOutlinePrimitive(4, "on", (0, 0), [(25.4, 25.4), (25.4, 0), (0, 0)], 0)
+    o.to_inch()
+    assert o.start_point == (0, 0)
+    assert o.points == ((1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0))
+
+    o = AMOutlinePrimitive(4, "on", (0, 0), [(1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0)], 0)
+    o.to_metric()
+    assert o.start_point == (0, 0)
+    assert o.points == ((25.4, 25.4), (25.4, 0), (0, 0))
+
+
+def test_AMPolygonPrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMPolygonPrimitive, 6, "on", 3, (3.3, 5.4), 3, 0)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMPolygonPrimitive, 5, "on", 2, (3.3, 5.4), 3, 0)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMPolygonPrimitive, 5, "on", 13, (3.3, 5.4), 3, 0)
+
+
+def test_AMPolygonPrimitive_factory():
+    p = AMPolygonPrimitive.from_gerber("5,1,3,3.3,5.4,3,0")
+    assert p.code == 5
+    assert p.exposure == "on"
+    assert p.vertices == 3
+    assert p.position == (3.3, 5.4)
+    assert p.diameter == 3
+    assert p.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_AMPolygonPrimitive_dump():
+    p = AMPolygonPrimitive(5, "on", 3, (3.3, 5.4), 3, 0)
+    assert p.to_gerber() == "5,1,3,3.3,5.4,3,0*"
+
+
+def test_AMPolygonPrimitive_conversion():
+    p = AMPolygonPrimitive(5, "off", 3, (25.4, 0), 25.4, 0)
+    p.to_inch()
+    assert p.diameter == 1
+    assert p.position == (1, 0)
+
+    p = AMPolygonPrimitive(5, "off", 3, (1, 0), 1, 0)
+    p.to_metric()
+    assert p.diameter == 25.4
+    assert p.position == (25.4, 0)
+
+
+def test_AMMoirePrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, AMMoirePrimitive, 7, (0, 0), 5.1, 0.2, 0.4, 6, 0.1, 6.1, 0
+    )
+
+
+def test_AMMoirePrimitive_factory():
+    m = AMMoirePrimitive.from_gerber("6,0,0,5,0.5,0.5,2,0.1,6,0*")
+    assert m.code == 6
+    assert m.position == (0, 0)
+    assert m.diameter == 5
+    assert m.ring_thickness == 0.5
+    assert m.gap == 0.5
+    assert m.max_rings == 2
+    assert m.crosshair_thickness == 0.1
+    assert m.crosshair_length == 6
+    assert m.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_AMMoirePrimitive_dump():
+    m = AMMoirePrimitive.from_gerber("6,0,0,5,0.5,0.5,2,0.1,6,0*")
+    assert m.to_gerber() == "6,0,0,5.0,0.5,0.5,2,0.1,6.0,0.0*"
+
+
+def test_AMMoirePrimitive_conversion():
+    m = AMMoirePrimitive(6, (25.4, 25.4), 25.4, 25.4, 25.4, 6, 25.4, 25.4, 0)
+    m.to_inch()
+    assert m.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert m.diameter == 1.0
+    assert m.ring_thickness == 1.0
+    assert m.gap == 1.0
+    assert m.crosshair_thickness == 1.0
+    assert m.crosshair_length == 1.0
+
+    m = AMMoirePrimitive(6, (1, 1), 1, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 0)
+    m.to_metric()
+    assert m.position == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert m.diameter == 25.4
+    assert m.ring_thickness == 25.4
+    assert m.gap == 25.4
+    assert m.crosshair_thickness == 25.4
+    assert m.crosshair_length == 25.4
+
+
+def test_AMThermalPrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMThermalPrimitive, 8, (0.0, 0.0), 7, 5, 0.2, 0.0)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, AMThermalPrimitive, 7, (0.0, "0"), 7, 5, 0.2, 0.0)
+
+
+def test_AMThermalPrimitive_factory():
+    t = AMThermalPrimitive.from_gerber("7,0,0,7,6,0.2,45*")
+    assert t.code == 7
+    assert t.position == (0, 0)
+    assert t.outer_diameter == 7
+    assert t.inner_diameter == 6
+    assert t.gap == 0.2
+    assert t.rotation == 45
+
+
+def test_AMThermalPrimitive_dump():
+    t = AMThermalPrimitive.from_gerber("7,0,0,7,6,0.2,30*")
+    assert t.to_gerber() == "7,0,0,7.0,6.0,0.2,30.0*"
+
+
+def test_AMThermalPrimitive_conversion():
+    t = AMThermalPrimitive(7, (25.4, 25.4), 25.4, 25.4, 25.4, 0.0)
+    t.to_inch()
+    assert t.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert t.outer_diameter == 1.0
+    assert t.inner_diameter == 1.0
+    assert t.gap == 1.0
+
+    t = AMThermalPrimitive(7, (1, 1), 1, 1, 1, 0)
+    t.to_metric()
+    assert t.position == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert t.outer_diameter == 25.4
+    assert t.inner_diameter == 25.4
+    assert t.gap == 25.4
+
+
+def test_AMCenterLinePrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMCenterLinePrimitive, 22, 1, 0.2, 0.5, (0, 0), 0)
+
+
+def test_AMCenterLinePrimtive_factory():
+    l = AMCenterLinePrimitive.from_gerber("21,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0*")
+    assert l.code == 21
+    assert l.exposure == "on"
+    assert l.width == 6.8
+    assert l.height == 1.2
+    assert l.center == (3.4, 0.6)
+    assert l.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_AMCenterLinePrimitive_dump():
+    l = AMCenterLinePrimitive.from_gerber("21,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0*")
+    assert l.to_gerber() == "21,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0.0*"
+
+
+def test_AMCenterLinePrimitive_conversion():
+    l = AMCenterLinePrimitive(21, "on", 25.4, 25.4, (25.4, 25.4), 0)
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.width == 1.0
+    assert l.height == 1.0
+    assert l.center == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    l = AMCenterLinePrimitive(21, "on", 1, 1, (1, 1), 0)
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.width == 25.4
+    assert l.height == 25.4
+    assert l.center == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+
+def test_AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive_validation():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive, 23, 1, 0.2, 0.5, (0, 0), 0)
+
+
+def test_AMLowerLeftLinePrimtive_factory():
+    l = AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive.from_gerber("22,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0*")
+    assert l.code == 22
+    assert l.exposure == "on"
+    assert l.width == 6.8
+    assert l.height == 1.2
+    assert l.lower_left == (3.4, 0.6)
+    assert l.rotation == 0
+
+
+def test_AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive_dump():
+    l = AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive.from_gerber("22,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0*")
+    assert l.to_gerber() == "22,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0.0*"
+
+
+def test_AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive_conversion():
+    l = AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive(22, "on", 25.4, 25.4, (25.4, 25.4), 0)
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.width == 1.0
+    assert l.height == 1.0
+    assert l.lower_left == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    l = AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive(22, "on", 1, 1, (1, 1), 0)
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.width == 25.4
+    assert l.height == 25.4
+    assert l.lower_left == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+
+def test_AMUnsupportPrimitive():
+    u = AMUnsupportPrimitive.from_gerber("Test")
+    assert u.primitive == "Test"
+    u = AMUnsupportPrimitive("Test")
+    assert u.to_gerber() == "Test"
+
+
+def test_AMUnsupportPrimitive_smoketest():
+    u = AMUnsupportPrimitive.from_gerber("Test")
+    u.to_inch()
+    u.to_metric()
+
+
+def test_inch():
+    assert inch(25.4) == 1
+
+
+def test_metric():
+    assert metric(1) == 25.4
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_cairo_backend.py b/gerber/tests/test_cairo_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51007a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_cairo_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Garret Fick <garret@ficksworkshop.com>
+import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+from ..render.cairo_backend import GerberCairoContext
+from ..rs274x import read
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_two_boxes():
+    """Umaco exapmle of two boxes"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_two_square_boxes.gbr", "golden/example_two_square_boxes.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_single_quadrant():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a single quadrant arc"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_quadrant.gbr", "golden/example_single_quadrant.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_simple_contour():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a simple arrow-shaped contour"""
+    gerber = _test_render(
+        "resources/example_simple_contour.gbr", "golden/example_simple_contour.png"
+    )
+
+    # Check the resulting dimensions
+    assert ((2.0, 11.0), (1.0, 9.0)) == gerber.bounding_box
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_single_contour_1():
+    """Umaco example of a single contour
+
+    The resulting image for this test is used by other tests because they must generate the same output."""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_contour_1.gbr", "golden/example_single_contour.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_single_contour_2():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a single contour, alternate contour end order
+
+    The resulting image for this test is used by other tests because they must generate the same output."""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_contour_2.gbr", "golden/example_single_contour.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_single_contour_3():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a single contour with extra line"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_contour_3.gbr", "golden/example_single_contour_3.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_not_overlapping_contour():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_not_overlapping_contour.gbr",
+        "golden/example_not_overlapping_contour.png",
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_not_overlapping_touching():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_not_overlapping_touching.gbr",
+        "golden/example_not_overlapping_touching.png",
+    )
+
+
+def test_render_overlapping_touching():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_overlapping_touching.gbr",
+        "golden/example_overlapping_touching.png",
+    )
+
+
+def test_render_overlapping_contour():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_overlapping_contour.gbr",
+        "golden/example_overlapping_contour.png",
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_level_holes():
+    """Umaco example of using multiple levels to create multiple holes"""
+
+    # TODO This is clearly rendering wrong. I'm temporarily checking this in because there are more
+    # rendering fixes in the related repository that may resolve these.
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_level_holes.gbr", "golden/example_overlapping_contour.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_cutin():
+    """Umaco example of using a cutin"""
+
+    # TODO This is clearly rendering wrong.
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_cutin.gbr",
+        "golden/example_cutin.png",
+        "/Users/ham/Desktop/cutin.png",
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_fully_coincident():
+    """Umaco example of coincident lines rendering two contours"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_fully_coincident.gbr", "golden/example_fully_coincident.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_coincident_hole():
+    """Umaco example of coincident lines rendering a hole in the contour"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_coincident_hole.gbr", "golden/example_coincident_hole.png"
+    )
+
+
+def test_render_cutin_multiple():
+    """Umaco example of a region with multiple cutins"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_cutin_multiple.gbr", "golden/example_cutin_multiple.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_flash_circle():
+    """Umaco example a simple circular flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_circle.gbr",
+        "golden/example_flash_circle.png",
+        "/Users/ham/Desktop/flashcircle.png",
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_flash_rectangle():
+    """Umaco example a simple rectangular flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_rectangle.gbr", "golden/example_flash_rectangle.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_flash_obround():
+    """Umaco example a simple obround flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_obround.gbr", "golden/example_flash_obround.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_flash_polygon():
+    """Umaco example a simple polygon flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_polygon.gbr", "golden/example_flash_polygon.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_holes_dont_clear():
+    """Umaco example that an aperture with a hole does not clear the area"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_holes_dont_clear.gbr", "golden/example_holes_dont_clear.png"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_am_exposure_modifier():
+    """Umaco example that an aperture macro with a hole does not clear the area"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_am_exposure_modifier.gbr",
+        "golden/example_am_exposure_modifier.png",
+    )
+
+
+def test_render_svg_simple_contour():
+    """Example of rendering to an SVG file"""
+    _test_simple_render_svg("resources/example_simple_contour.gbr")
+
+
+def _resolve_path(path):
+    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), path)
+
+
+def _test_render(gerber_path, png_expected_path, create_output_path=None):
+    """Render the gerber file and compare to the expected PNG output.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gerber_path : string
+        Path to Gerber file to open
+    png_expected_path : string
+        Path to the PNG file to compare to
+    create_output : string|None
+        If not None, write the generated PNG to the specified path.
+        This is primarily to help with
+    """
+
+    gerber_path = _resolve_path(gerber_path)
+    png_expected_path = _resolve_path(png_expected_path)
+    if create_output_path:
+        create_output_path = _resolve_path(create_output_path)
+
+    gerber = read(gerber_path)
+
+    # Create PNG image to the memory stream
+    ctx = GerberCairoContext()
+    gerber.render(ctx)
+
+    actual_bytes = ctx.dump(None)
+
+    # If we want to write the file bytes, do it now. This happens
+    if create_output_path:
+        with open(create_output_path, "wb") as out_file:
+            out_file.write(actual_bytes)
+        # Creating the output is dangerous - it could overwrite the expected result.
+        # So if we are creating the output, we make the test fail on purpose so you
+        # won't forget to disable this
+        assert not True, (
+            "Test created the output %s. This needs to be disabled to make sure the test behaves correctly"
+            % (create_output_path,)
+        )
+
+    # Read the expected PNG file
+
+    with open(png_expected_path, "rb") as expected_file:
+        expected_bytes = expected_file.read()
+
+    # Don't directly use assert_equal otherwise any failure pollutes the test results
+    equal = expected_bytes == actual_bytes
+    assert equal
+
+    return gerber
+
+
+def _test_simple_render_svg(gerber_path):
+    """Render the gerber file as SVG
+
+    Note: verifies only the header, not the full content.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gerber_path : string
+        Path to Gerber file to open
+    """
+
+    gerber_path = _resolve_path(gerber_path)
+    gerber = read(gerber_path)
+
+    # Create SVG image to the memory stream
+    ctx = GerberCairoContext()
+    gerber.render(ctx)
+
+    temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    svg_temp_path = os.path.join(temp_dir, "output.svg")
+
+    assert not os.path.exists(svg_temp_path)
+    ctx.dump(svg_temp_path)
+    assert os.path.exists(svg_temp_path)
+
+    with open(svg_temp_path, "r") as expected_file:
+        expected_bytes = expected_file.read()
+    assert expected_bytes[:38] == '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>'
+
+    shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_cam.py b/gerber/tests/test_cam.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a71a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_cam.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+import pytest
+
+from ..cam import CamFile, FileSettings
+
+
+def test_filesettings_defaults():
+    """ Test FileSettings default values
+    """
+    fs = FileSettings()
+    assert fs.format == (2, 5)
+    assert fs.notation == "absolute"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+    assert fs.units == "inch"
+
+
+def test_filesettings_dict():
+    """ Test FileSettings Dict
+    """
+    fs = FileSettings()
+    assert fs["format"] == (2, 5)
+    assert fs["notation"] == "absolute"
+    assert fs["zero_suppression"] == "trailing"
+    assert fs["units"] == "inch"
+
+
+def test_filesettings_assign():
+    """ Test FileSettings attribute assignment
+    """
+    fs = FileSettings()
+    fs.units = "test1"
+    fs.notation = "test2"
+    fs.zero_suppression = "test3"
+    fs.format = "test4"
+    assert fs.units == "test1"
+    assert fs.notation == "test2"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "test3"
+    assert fs.format == "test4"
+
+
+def test_filesettings_dict_assign():
+    """ Test FileSettings dict-style attribute assignment
+    """
+    fs = FileSettings()
+    fs["units"] = "metric"
+    fs["notation"] = "incremental"
+    fs["zero_suppression"] = "leading"
+    fs["format"] = (1, 2)
+    assert fs.units == "metric"
+    assert fs.notation == "incremental"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "leading"
+    assert fs.format == (1, 2)
+
+
+def test_camfile_init():
+    """ Smoke test CamFile test
+    """
+    cf = CamFile()
+
+
+def test_camfile_settings():
+    """ Test CamFile Default Settings
+    """
+    cf = CamFile()
+    assert cf.settings == FileSettings()
+
+
+def test_bounds_override_smoketest():
+    cf = CamFile()
+    cf.bounds
+
+
+def test_zeros():
+    """ Test zero/zero_suppression interaction
+    """
+    fs = FileSettings()
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+    assert fs.zeros == "leading"
+
+    fs["zero_suppression"] = "leading"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "leading"
+    assert fs.zeros == "trailing"
+
+    fs.zero_suppression = "trailing"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+    assert fs.zeros == "leading"
+
+    fs["zeros"] = "trailing"
+    assert fs.zeros == "trailing"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "leading"
+
+    fs.zeros = "leading"
+    assert fs.zeros == "leading"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+
+    fs = FileSettings(zeros="leading")
+    assert fs.zeros == "leading"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+
+    fs = FileSettings(zero_suppression="leading")
+    assert fs.zeros == "trailing"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "leading"
+
+    fs = FileSettings(zeros="leading", zero_suppression="trailing")
+    assert fs.zeros == "leading"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+
+    fs = FileSettings(zeros="trailing", zero_suppression="leading")
+    assert fs.zeros == "trailing"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "leading"
+
+
+def test_filesettings_validation():
+    """ Test FileSettings constructor argument validation
+    """
+    # absolute-ish is not a valid notation
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, FileSettings, "absolute-ish", "inch", None, (2, 5), None)
+
+    # degrees kelvin isn't a valid unit for a CAM file
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, FileSettings, "absolute", "degrees kelvin", None, (2, 5), None
+    )
+
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, FileSettings, "absolute", "inch", "leading", (2, 5), "leading"
+    )
+
+    # Technnically this should be an error, but Eangle files often do this incorrectly so we
+    # allow it
+    # pytest.raises(ValueError, FileSettings, 'absolute',
+    #              'inch', 'following', (2, 5), None)
+
+    pytest.raises(
+        ValueError, FileSettings, "absolute", "inch", None, (2, 5), "following"
+    )
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, FileSettings, "absolute", "inch", None, (2, 5, 6), None)
+
+
+def test_key_validation():
+    fs = FileSettings()
+    pytest.raises(KeyError, fs.__getitem__, "octopus")
+    pytest.raises(KeyError, fs.__setitem__, "octopus", "do not care")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, fs.__setitem__, "notation", "absolute-ish")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, fs.__setitem__, "units", "degrees kelvin")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, fs.__setitem__, "zero_suppression", "following")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, fs.__setitem__, "zeros", "following")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, fs.__setitem__, "format", (2, 5, 6))
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_common.py b/gerber/tests/test_common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b1264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+from ..exceptions import ParseError
+from ..common import read, loads
+from ..excellon import ExcellonFile
+from ..rs274x import GerberFile
+import os
+import pytest
+
+
+NCDRILL_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/ncdrill.DRD")
+TOP_COPPER_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/top_copper.GTL")
+
+
+def test_file_type_detection():
+    """ Test file type detection
+    """
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    top_copper = read(TOP_COPPER_FILE)
+    assert isinstance(ncdrill, ExcellonFile)
+    assert isinstance(top_copper, GerberFile)
+
+
+def test_load_from_string():
+    with open(NCDRILL_FILE, "rU") as f:
+        ncdrill = loads(f.read())
+    with open(TOP_COPPER_FILE, "rU") as f:
+        top_copper = loads(f.read())
+    assert isinstance(ncdrill, ExcellonFile)
+    assert isinstance(top_copper, GerberFile)
+
+
+def test_file_type_validation():
+    """ Test file format validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ParseError, read, __file__)
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_excellon.py b/gerber/tests/test_excellon.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6e83cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_excellon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+import os
+import pytest
+
+from ..cam import FileSettings
+from ..excellon import read, detect_excellon_format, ExcellonFile, ExcellonParser
+from ..excellon import DrillHit, DrillSlot
+from ..excellon_statements import ExcellonTool, RouteModeStmt
+
+
+NCDRILL_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/ncdrill.DRD")
+
+
+def test_format_detection():
+    """ Test file type detection
+    """
+    with open(NCDRILL_FILE, "rU") as f:
+        data = f.read()
+    settings = detect_excellon_format(data)
+    assert settings["format"] == (2, 4)
+    assert settings["zeros"] == "trailing"
+
+    settings = detect_excellon_format(filename=NCDRILL_FILE)
+    assert settings["format"] == (2, 4)
+    assert settings["zeros"] == "trailing"
+
+
+def test_read():
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    assert isinstance(ncdrill, ExcellonFile)
+
+
+def test_write():
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    ncdrill.write("test.ncd")
+    with open(NCDRILL_FILE, "rU") as src:
+        srclines = src.readlines()
+    with open("test.ncd", "rU") as res:
+        for idx, line in enumerate(res):
+            assert line.strip() == srclines[idx].strip()
+    os.remove("test.ncd")
+
+
+def test_read_settings():
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    assert ncdrill.settings["format"] == (2, 4)
+    assert ncdrill.settings["zeros"] == "trailing"
+
+
+def test_bounding_box():
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    xbound, ybound = ncdrill.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbound, (0.1300, 2.1430))
+    pytest.approx(ybound, (0.3946, 1.7164))
+
+
+def test_report():
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    rprt = ncdrill.report()
+
+
+def test_conversion():
+    import copy
+
+    ncdrill = read(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    assert ncdrill.settings.units == "inch"
+    ncdrill_inch = copy.deepcopy(ncdrill)
+
+    ncdrill.to_metric()
+    assert ncdrill.settings.units == "metric"
+    for tool in iter(ncdrill_inch.tools.values()):
+        tool.to_metric()
+
+    for statement in ncdrill_inch.statements:
+        statement.to_metric()
+
+    for m_tool, i_tool in zip(
+        iter(ncdrill.tools.values()), iter(ncdrill_inch.tools.values())
+    ):
+        assert i_tool == m_tool
+
+    for m, i in zip(ncdrill.primitives, ncdrill_inch.primitives):
+
+        assert m.position == i.position, "%s not equal to %s" % (m, i)
+        assert m.diameter == i.diameter, "%s not equal to %s" % (m, i)
+
+
+def test_parser_hole_count():
+    settings = FileSettings(**detect_excellon_format(NCDRILL_FILE))
+    p = ExcellonParser(settings)
+    p.parse(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    assert p.hole_count == 36
+
+
+def test_parser_hole_sizes():
+    settings = FileSettings(**detect_excellon_format(NCDRILL_FILE))
+    p = ExcellonParser(settings)
+    p.parse(NCDRILL_FILE)
+    assert p.hole_sizes == [0.0236, 0.0354, 0.04, 0.126, 0.128]
+
+
+def test_parse_whitespace():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    assert p._parse_line("         ") == None
+
+
+def test_parse_comment():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line(";A comment")
+    assert p.statements[0].comment == "A comment"
+
+
+def test_parse_format_comment():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line("; FILE_FORMAT=9:9 ")
+    assert p.format == (9, 9)
+
+
+def test_parse_header():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line("M48   ")
+    assert p.state == "HEADER"
+    p._parse_line("M95   ")
+    assert p.state == "DRILL"
+
+
+def test_parse_rout():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line("G00X040944Y019842")
+    assert p.state == "ROUT"
+    p._parse_line("G05 ")
+    assert p.state == "DRILL"
+
+
+def test_parse_version():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line("VER,1  ")
+    assert p.statements[0].version == 1
+    p._parse_line("VER,2  ")
+    assert p.statements[1].version == 2
+
+
+def test_parse_format():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line("FMAT,1  ")
+    assert p.statements[0].format == 1
+    p._parse_line("FMAT,2  ")
+    assert p.statements[1].format == 2
+
+
+def test_parse_units():
+    settings = FileSettings(units="inch", zeros="trailing")
+    p = ExcellonParser(settings)
+    p._parse_line(";METRIC,LZ")
+    assert p.units == "inch"
+    assert p.zeros == "trailing"
+    p._parse_line("METRIC,LZ")
+    assert p.units == "metric"
+    assert p.zeros == "leading"
+
+
+def test_parse_incremental_mode():
+    settings = FileSettings(units="inch", zeros="trailing")
+    p = ExcellonParser(settings)
+    assert p.notation == "absolute"
+    p._parse_line("ICI,ON  ")
+    assert p.notation == "incremental"
+    p._parse_line("ICI,OFF  ")
+    assert p.notation == "absolute"
+
+
+def test_parse_absolute_mode():
+    settings = FileSettings(units="inch", zeros="trailing")
+    p = ExcellonParser(settings)
+    assert p.notation == "absolute"
+    p._parse_line("ICI,ON  ")
+    assert p.notation == "incremental"
+    p._parse_line("G90  ")
+    assert p.notation == "absolute"
+
+
+def test_parse_repeat_hole():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p.active_tool = ExcellonTool(FileSettings(), number=8)
+    p._parse_line("R03X1.5Y1.5")
+    assert p.statements[0].count == 3
+
+
+def test_parse_incremental_position():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings(notation="incremental"))
+    p._parse_line("X01Y01")
+    p._parse_line("X01Y01")
+    assert p.pos == [2.0, 2.0]
+
+
+def test_parse_unknown():
+    p = ExcellonParser(FileSettings())
+    p._parse_line("Not A Valid Statement")
+    assert p.statements[0].stmt == "Not A Valid Statement"
+
+
+def test_drill_hit_units_conversion():
+    """ Test unit conversion for drill hits
+    """
+    # Inch hit
+    settings = FileSettings(units="inch")
+    tool = ExcellonTool(settings, diameter=1.0)
+    hit = DrillHit(tool, (1.0, 1.0))
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 1.0
+    assert hit.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    # No Effect
+    hit.to_inch()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 1.0
+    assert hit.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    # Should convert
+    hit.to_metric()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "metric"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 25.4
+    assert hit.position == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+    # No Effect
+    hit.to_metric()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "metric"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 25.4
+    assert hit.position == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+    # Convert back to inch
+    hit.to_inch()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 1.0
+    assert hit.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_drill_hit_offset():
+    TEST_VECTORS = [
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0)),
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0)),
+        ((1.0, 1.0), (0.0, -1.0), (1.0, 0.0)),
+        ((1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, -1.0), (0.0, 0.0)),
+    ]
+    for position, offset, expected in TEST_VECTORS:
+        settings = FileSettings(units="inch")
+        tool = ExcellonTool(settings, diameter=1.0)
+        hit = DrillHit(tool, position)
+
+        assert hit.position == position
+
+        hit.offset(offset[0], offset[1])
+
+        assert hit.position == expected
+
+
+def test_drill_slot_units_conversion():
+    """ Test unit conversion for drill hits
+    """
+    # Inch hit
+    settings = FileSettings(units="inch")
+    tool = ExcellonTool(settings, diameter=1.0)
+    hit = DrillSlot(tool, (1.0, 1.0), (10.0, 10.0), DrillSlot.TYPE_ROUT)
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 1.0
+    assert hit.start == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert hit.end == (10.0, 10.0)
+
+    # No Effect
+    hit.to_inch()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 1.0
+    assert hit.start == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert hit.end == (10.0, 10.0)
+
+    # Should convert
+    hit.to_metric()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "metric"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 25.4
+    assert hit.start == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert hit.end == (254.0, 254.0)
+
+    # No Effect
+    hit.to_metric()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "metric"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 25.4
+    assert hit.start == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert hit.end == (254.0, 254.0)
+
+    # Convert back to inch
+    hit.to_inch()
+
+    assert hit.tool.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert hit.tool.diameter == 1.0
+    assert hit.start == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert hit.end == (10.0, 10.0)
+
+
+def test_drill_slot_offset():
+    TEST_VECTORS = [
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0)),
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0), (2.0, 1.0)),
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0), (2.0, 2.0)),
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 2.0)),
+    ]
+    for start, end, offset, expected_start, expected_end in TEST_VECTORS:
+        settings = FileSettings(units="inch")
+        tool = ExcellonTool(settings, diameter=1.0)
+        slot = DrillSlot(tool, start, end, DrillSlot.TYPE_ROUT)
+
+        assert slot.start == start
+        assert slot.end == end
+
+        slot.offset(offset[0], offset[1])
+
+        assert slot.start == expected_start
+        assert slot.end == expected_end
+
+
+def test_drill_slot_bounds():
+    TEST_VECTORS = [
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), 1.0, ((-0.5, 1.5), (-0.5, 1.5))),
+        ((0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), 0.5, ((-0.25, 1.25), (-0.25, 1.25))),
+    ]
+    for start, end, diameter, expected in TEST_VECTORS:
+        settings = FileSettings(units="inch")
+        tool = ExcellonTool(settings, diameter=diameter)
+        slot = DrillSlot(tool, start, end, DrillSlot.TYPE_ROUT)
+
+        assert slot.bounding_box == expected
+
+
+def test_handling_multi_line_g00_and_g1():
+    """Route Mode statements with coordinates on separate line are handled
+    """
+    test_data = """
+%
+M48
+M72
+T01C0.0236
+%
+T01
+G00
+X040944Y019842
+M15
+G01
+X040944Y020708
+M16
+"""
+    uut = ExcellonParser()
+    uut.parse_raw(test_data)
+    assert (
+        len([stmt for stmt in uut.statements if isinstance(stmt, RouteModeStmt)]) == 2
+    )
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_excellon_statements.py b/gerber/tests/test_excellon_statements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41fe294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_excellon_statements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+import pytest
+from ..excellon_statements import *
+from ..cam import FileSettings
+
+
+def test_excellon_statement_implementation():
+    stmt = ExcellonStatement()
+    pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, stmt.from_excellon, None)
+    pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, stmt.to_excellon)
+
+
+def test_excellontstmt():
+    """ Smoke test ExcellonStatement
+    """
+    stmt = ExcellonStatement()
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    stmt.offset()
+
+
+def test_excellontool_factory():
+    """ Test ExcellonTool factory methods
+    """
+    exc_line = "T8F01B02S00003H04Z05C0.12500"
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 5), zero_suppression="trailing", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_excellon(exc_line, settings)
+    assert tool.number == 8
+    assert tool.diameter == 0.125
+    assert tool.feed_rate == 1
+    assert tool.retract_rate == 2
+    assert tool.rpm == 3
+    assert tool.max_hit_count == 4
+    assert tool.depth_offset == 5
+
+    stmt = {
+        "number": 8,
+        "feed_rate": 1,
+        "retract_rate": 2,
+        "rpm": 3,
+        "diameter": 0.125,
+        "max_hit_count": 4,
+        "depth_offset": 5,
+    }
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(settings, stmt)
+    assert tool.number == 8
+    assert tool.diameter == 0.125
+    assert tool.feed_rate == 1
+    assert tool.retract_rate == 2
+    assert tool.rpm == 3
+    assert tool.max_hit_count == 4
+    assert tool.depth_offset == 5
+
+
+def test_excellontool_dump():
+    """ Test ExcellonTool to_excellon()
+    """
+    exc_lines = [
+        "T01F0S0C0.01200",
+        "T02F0S0C0.01500",
+        "T03F0S0C0.01968",
+        "T04F0S0C0.02800",
+        "T05F0S0C0.03300",
+        "T06F0S0C0.03800",
+        "T07F0S0C0.04300",
+        "T08F0S0C0.12500",
+        "T09F0S0C0.13000",
+        "T08B01F02H03S00003C0.12500Z04",
+        "T01F0S300.999C0.01200",
+    ]
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 5), zero_suppression="trailing", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+    for line in exc_lines:
+        tool = ExcellonTool.from_excellon(line, settings)
+        assert tool.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_excellontool_order():
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 5), zero_suppression="trailing", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+    line = "T8F00S00C0.12500"
+    tool1 = ExcellonTool.from_excellon(line, settings)
+    line = "T8C0.12500F00S00"
+    tool2 = ExcellonTool.from_excellon(line, settings)
+    assert tool1.diameter == tool2.diameter
+    assert tool1.feed_rate == tool2.feed_rate
+    assert tool1.rpm == tool2.rpm
+
+
+def test_excellontool_conversion():
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(
+        FileSettings(units="metric"), {"number": 8, "diameter": 25.4}
+    )
+    tool.to_inch()
+    assert tool.diameter == 1.0
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(
+        FileSettings(units="inch"), {"number": 8, "diameter": 1.0}
+    )
+    tool.to_metric()
+    assert tool.diameter == 25.4
+
+    # Shouldn't change units if we're already using target units
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(
+        FileSettings(units="inch"), {"number": 8, "diameter": 25.4}
+    )
+    tool.to_inch()
+    assert tool.diameter == 25.4
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(
+        FileSettings(units="metric"), {"number": 8, "diameter": 1.0}
+    )
+    tool.to_metric()
+    assert tool.diameter == 1.0
+
+
+def test_excellontool_repr():
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(FileSettings(), {"number": 8, "diameter": 0.125})
+    assert str(tool) == "<ExcellonTool 08: 0.125in. dia.>"
+    tool = ExcellonTool.from_dict(
+        FileSettings(units="metric"), {"number": 8, "diameter": 0.125}
+    )
+    assert str(tool) == "<ExcellonTool 08: 0.125mm dia.>"
+
+
+def test_excellontool_equality():
+    t = ExcellonTool.from_dict(FileSettings(), {"number": 8, "diameter": 0.125})
+    t1 = ExcellonTool.from_dict(FileSettings(), {"number": 8, "diameter": 0.125})
+    assert t == t1
+    t1 = ExcellonTool.from_dict(
+        FileSettings(units="metric"), {"number": 8, "diameter": 0.125}
+    )
+    assert t != t1
+
+
+def test_toolselection_factory():
+    """ Test ToolSelectionStmt factory method
+    """
+    stmt = ToolSelectionStmt.from_excellon("T01")
+    assert stmt.tool == 1
+    assert stmt.compensation_index == None
+    stmt = ToolSelectionStmt.from_excellon("T0223")
+    assert stmt.tool == 2
+    assert stmt.compensation_index == 23
+    stmt = ToolSelectionStmt.from_excellon("T042")
+    assert stmt.tool == 42
+    assert stmt.compensation_index == None
+
+
+def test_toolselection_dump():
+    """ Test ToolSelectionStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["T01", "T0223", "T10", "T09", "T0000"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = ToolSelectionStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_z_axis_infeed_rate_factory():
+    """ Test ZAxisInfeedRateStmt factory method
+    """
+    stmt = ZAxisInfeedRateStmt.from_excellon("F01")
+    assert stmt.rate == 1
+    stmt = ZAxisInfeedRateStmt.from_excellon("F2")
+    assert stmt.rate == 2
+    stmt = ZAxisInfeedRateStmt.from_excellon("F03")
+    assert stmt.rate == 3
+
+
+def test_z_axis_infeed_rate_dump():
+    """ Test ZAxisInfeedRateStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    inputs = [("F01", "F01"), ("F2", "F02"), ("F00003", "F03")]
+    for input_rate, expected_output in inputs:
+        stmt = ZAxisInfeedRateStmt.from_excellon(input_rate)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == expected_output
+
+
+def test_coordinatestmt_factory():
+    """ Test CoordinateStmt factory method
+    """
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 5), zero_suppression="trailing", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+
+    line = "X0278207Y0065293"
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line, settings)
+    assert stmt.x == 2.78207
+    assert stmt.y == 0.65293
+
+    # line = 'X02945'
+    # stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    # assert_equal(stmt.x, 2.945)
+
+    # line = 'Y00575'
+    # stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    # assert_equal(stmt.y, 0.575)
+
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 4), zero_suppression="leading", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+
+    line = "X9660Y4639"
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line, settings)
+    assert stmt.x == 0.9660
+    assert stmt.y == 0.4639
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(settings) == "X9660Y4639"
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+
+    settings.units = "metric"
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line, settings)
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+
+
+def test_coordinatestmt_dump():
+    """ Test CoordinateStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = [
+        "X278207Y65293",
+        "X243795",
+        "Y82528",
+        "Y86028",
+        "X251295Y81528",
+        "X2525Y78",
+        "X255Y575",
+        "Y52",
+        "X2675",
+        "Y575",
+        "X2425",
+        "Y52",
+        "X23",
+    ]
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 4), zero_suppression="leading", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon(line, settings)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon(settings) == line
+
+
+def test_coordinatestmt_conversion():
+
+    settings = FileSettings()
+    settings.units = "metric"
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon("X254Y254", settings)
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.x == 25.4
+    assert stmt.y == 25.4
+
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    assert stmt.x == 1.0
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.x == 1.0
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+
+    settings.units = "inch"
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon("X01Y01", settings)
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.x == 1.0
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    assert stmt.x == 25.4
+    assert stmt.y == 25.4
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.x == 25.4
+    assert stmt.y == 25.4
+
+
+def test_coordinatestmt_offset():
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon("X01Y01", FileSettings())
+    stmt.offset()
+    assert stmt.x == 1
+    assert stmt.y == 1
+    stmt.offset(1, 0)
+    assert stmt.x == 2.0
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+    stmt.offset(0, 1)
+    assert stmt.x == 2.0
+    assert stmt.y == 2.0
+
+
+def test_coordinatestmt_string():
+    settings = FileSettings(
+        format=(2, 4), zero_suppression="leading", units="inch", notation="absolute"
+    )
+    stmt = CoordinateStmt.from_excellon("X9660Y4639", settings)
+    assert str(stmt) == "<Coordinate Statement: X: 0.966 Y: 0.4639 >"
+
+
+def test_repeathole_stmt_factory():
+    stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon(
+        "R0004X015Y32", FileSettings(zeros="leading", units="inch")
+    )
+    assert stmt.count == 4
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 1.5
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 32
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+
+    stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon(
+        "R0004X015Y32", FileSettings(zeros="leading", units="metric")
+    )
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+
+
+def test_repeatholestmt_dump():
+    line = "R4X015Y32"
+    stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon(line, FileSettings())
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == line
+
+
+def test_repeatholestmt_conversion():
+    line = "R4X0254Y254"
+    settings = FileSettings()
+    settings.units = "metric"
+    stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon(line, settings)
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 2.54
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 25.4
+
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 0.1
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 1.0
+
+    # no effect
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 0.1
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 1.0
+
+    line = "R4X01Y1"
+    settings.units = "inch"
+    stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon(line, settings)
+
+    # no effect
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 1.0
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 10.0
+
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 25.4
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 254.0
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.xdelta == 25.4
+    assert stmt.ydelta == 254.0
+
+
+def test_repeathole_str():
+    stmt = RepeatHoleStmt.from_excellon("R4X015Y32", FileSettings())
+    assert str(stmt) == "<Repeat Hole: 4 times, offset X: 1.5 Y: 32>"
+
+
+def test_commentstmt_factory():
+    """ Test CommentStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = ";Layer_Color=9474304"
+    stmt = CommentStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.comment == line[1:]
+
+    line = ";FILE_FORMAT=2:5"
+    stmt = CommentStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.comment == line[1:]
+
+    line = ";TYPE=PLATED"
+    stmt = CommentStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.comment == line[1:]
+
+
+def test_commentstmt_dump():
+    """ Test CommentStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = [";Layer_Color=9474304", ";FILE_FORMAT=2:5", ";TYPE=PLATED"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = CommentStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_header_begin_stmt():
+    stmt = HeaderBeginStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "M48"
+
+
+def test_header_end_stmt():
+    stmt = HeaderEndStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "M95"
+
+
+def test_rewindstop_stmt():
+    stmt = RewindStopStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "%"
+
+
+def test_z_axis_rout_position_stmt():
+    stmt = ZAxisRoutPositionStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "M15"
+
+
+def test_retract_with_clamping_stmt():
+    stmt = RetractWithClampingStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "M16"
+
+
+def test_retract_without_clamping_stmt():
+    stmt = RetractWithoutClampingStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "M17"
+
+
+def test_cutter_compensation_off_stmt():
+    stmt = CutterCompensationOffStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "G40"
+
+
+def test_cutter_compensation_left_stmt():
+    stmt = CutterCompensationLeftStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "G41"
+
+
+def test_cutter_compensation_right_stmt():
+    stmt = CutterCompensationRightStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(None) == "G42"
+
+
+def test_endofprogramstmt_factory():
+    settings = FileSettings(units="inch")
+    stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon("M30X01Y02", settings)
+    assert stmt.x == 1.0
+    assert stmt.y == 2.0
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    settings.units = "metric"
+    stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon("M30X01", settings)
+    assert stmt.x == 1.0
+    assert stmt.y == None
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon("M30Y02", FileSettings())
+    assert stmt.x == None
+    assert stmt.y == 2.0
+
+
+def test_endofprogramStmt_dump():
+    lines = ["M30X01Y02"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon(line, FileSettings())
+        assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == line
+
+
+def test_endofprogramstmt_conversion():
+    settings = FileSettings()
+    settings.units = "metric"
+    stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon("M30X0254Y254", settings)
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.x == 2.54
+    assert stmt.y == 25.4
+
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    assert stmt.x == 0.1
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.x == 0.1
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+
+    settings.units = "inch"
+    stmt = EndOfProgramStmt.from_excellon("M30X01Y1", settings)
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.x == 1.0
+    assert stmt.y == 10.0
+
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    assert stmt.x == 25.4
+    assert stmt.y == 254.0
+
+    # No effect
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.x == 25.4
+    assert stmt.y == 254.0
+
+
+def test_endofprogramstmt_offset():
+    stmt = EndOfProgramStmt(1, 1)
+    stmt.offset()
+    assert stmt.x == 1
+    assert stmt.y == 1
+    stmt.offset(1, 0)
+    assert stmt.x == 2.0
+    assert stmt.y == 1.0
+    stmt.offset(0, 1)
+    assert stmt.x == 2.0
+    assert stmt.y == 2.0
+
+
+def test_unitstmt_factory():
+    """ Test UnitStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = "INCH,LZ"
+    stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    assert stmt.zeros == "leading"
+
+    line = "INCH,TZ"
+    stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    assert stmt.zeros == "trailing"
+
+    line = "METRIC,LZ"
+    stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    assert stmt.zeros == "leading"
+
+    line = "METRIC,TZ"
+    stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    assert stmt.zeros == "trailing"
+
+
+def test_unitstmt_dump():
+    """ Test UnitStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["INCH,LZ", "INCH,TZ", "METRIC,LZ", "METRIC,TZ"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_unitstmt_conversion():
+    stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon("METRIC,TZ")
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+
+    stmt = UnitStmt.from_excellon("INCH,TZ")
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+
+
+def test_incrementalmode_factory():
+    """ Test IncrementalModeStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = "ICI,ON"
+    stmt = IncrementalModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.mode == "on"
+
+    line = "ICI,OFF"
+    stmt = IncrementalModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.mode == "off"
+
+
+def test_incrementalmode_dump():
+    """ Test IncrementalModeStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["ICI,ON", "ICI,OFF"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = IncrementalModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_incrementalmode_validation():
+    """ Test IncrementalModeStmt input validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, IncrementalModeStmt, "OFF-ISH")
+
+
+def test_versionstmt_factory():
+    """ Test VersionStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = "VER,1"
+    stmt = VersionStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.version == 1
+
+    line = "VER,2"
+    stmt = VersionStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.version == 2
+
+
+def test_versionstmt_dump():
+    """ Test VersionStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["VER,1", "VER,2"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = VersionStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_versionstmt_validation():
+    """ Test VersionStmt input validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, VersionStmt, 3)
+
+
+def test_formatstmt_factory():
+    """ Test FormatStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = "FMAT,1"
+    stmt = FormatStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.format == 1
+
+    line = "FMAT,2"
+    stmt = FormatStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.format == 2
+
+
+def test_formatstmt_dump():
+    """ Test FormatStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["FMAT,1", "FMAT,2"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = FormatStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_formatstmt_validation():
+    """ Test FormatStmt input validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, FormatStmt, 3)
+
+
+def test_linktoolstmt_factory():
+    """ Test LinkToolStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = "1/2/3/4"
+    stmt = LinkToolStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.linked_tools == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+    line = "01/02/03/04"
+    stmt = LinkToolStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.linked_tools == [1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+
+def test_linktoolstmt_dump():
+    """ Test LinkToolStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["1/2/3/4", "5/6/7"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = LinkToolStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_measmodestmt_factory():
+    """ Test MeasuringModeStmt factory method
+    """
+    line = "M72"
+    stmt = MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+
+    line = "M71"
+    stmt = MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+
+
+def test_measmodestmt_dump():
+    """ Test MeasuringModeStmt to_excellon()
+    """
+    lines = ["M71", "M72"]
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+        assert stmt.to_excellon() == line
+
+
+def test_measmodestmt_validation():
+    """ Test MeasuringModeStmt input validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon, "M70")
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, MeasuringModeStmt, "millimeters")
+
+
+def test_measmodestmt_conversion():
+    line = "M72"
+    stmt = MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+
+    line = "M71"
+    stmt = MeasuringModeStmt.from_excellon(line)
+    assert stmt.units == "metric"
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert stmt.units == "inch"
+
+
+def test_routemode_stmt():
+    stmt = RouteModeStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == "G00"
+
+
+def test_linearmode_stmt():
+    stmt = LinearModeStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == "G01"
+
+
+def test_drillmode_stmt():
+    stmt = DrillModeStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == "G05"
+
+
+def test_absolutemode_stmt():
+    stmt = AbsoluteModeStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == "G90"
+
+
+def test_unknownstmt():
+    stmt = UnknownStmt("TEST")
+    assert stmt.stmt == "TEST"
+    assert str(stmt) == "<Unknown Statement: TEST>"
+
+
+def test_unknownstmt_dump():
+    stmt = UnknownStmt("TEST")
+    assert stmt.to_excellon(FileSettings()) == "TEST"
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_gerber_statements.py b/gerber/tests/test_gerber_statements.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..140cbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_gerber_statements.py
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+import pytest
+from ..gerber_statements import *
+from ..cam import FileSettings
+
+
+def test_Statement_smoketest():
+    stmt = Statement("Test")
+    assert stmt.type == "Test"
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    assert "units=metric" in str(stmt)
+    stmt.to_inch()
+    assert "units=inch" in str(stmt)
+    stmt.to_metric()
+    stmt.offset(1, 1)
+    assert "type=Test" in str(stmt)
+
+
+def test_FSParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test FSParamStruct factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "FS", "zero": "L", "notation": "A", "x": "27"}
+    fs = FSParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert fs.param == "FS"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "leading"
+    assert fs.notation == "absolute"
+    assert fs.format == (2, 7)
+
+    stmt = {"param": "FS", "zero": "T", "notation": "I", "x": "27"}
+    fs = FSParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert fs.param == "FS"
+    assert fs.zero_suppression == "trailing"
+    assert fs.notation == "incremental"
+    assert fs.format == (2, 7)
+
+
+def test_FSParamStmt():
+    """ Test FSParamStmt initialization
+    """
+    param = "FS"
+    zeros = "trailing"
+    notation = "absolute"
+    fmt = (2, 5)
+    stmt = FSParamStmt(param, zeros, notation, fmt)
+    assert stmt.param == param
+    assert stmt.zero_suppression == zeros
+    assert stmt.notation == notation
+    assert stmt.format == fmt
+
+
+def test_FSParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test FSParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "FS", "zero": "L", "notation": "A", "x": "27"}
+    fs = FSParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert fs.to_gerber() == "%FSLAX27Y27*%"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "FS", "zero": "T", "notation": "I", "x": "25"}
+    fs = FSParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert fs.to_gerber() == "%FSTIX25Y25*%"
+
+    settings = FileSettings(zero_suppression="leading", notation="absolute")
+    assert fs.to_gerber(settings) == "%FSLAX25Y25*%"
+
+
+def test_FSParamStmt_string():
+    """ Test FSParamStmt.__str__()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "FS", "zero": "L", "notation": "A", "x": "27"}
+    fs = FSParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(fs) == "<Format Spec: 2:7 leading zero suppression absolute notation>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "FS", "zero": "T", "notation": "I", "x": "25"}
+    fs = FSParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert (
+        str(fs) == "<Format Spec: 2:5 trailing zero suppression incremental notation>"
+    )
+
+
+def test_MOParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test MOParamStruct factory
+    """
+    stmts = [{"param": "MO", "mo": "IN"}, {"param": "MO", "mo": "in"}]
+    for stmt in stmts:
+        mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+        assert mo.param == "MO"
+        assert mo.mode == "inch"
+
+    stmts = [{"param": "MO", "mo": "MM"}, {"param": "MO", "mo": "mm"}]
+    for stmt in stmts:
+        mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+        assert mo.param == "MO"
+        assert mo.mode == "metric"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "MO"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mo.mode == None
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "degrees kelvin"}
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, MOParamStmt.from_dict, stmt)
+
+
+def test_MOParamStmt():
+    """ Test MOParamStmt initialization
+    """
+    param = "MO"
+    mode = "inch"
+    stmt = MOParamStmt(param, mode)
+    assert stmt.param == param
+
+    for mode in ["inch", "metric"]:
+        stmt = MOParamStmt(param, mode)
+        assert stmt.mode == mode
+
+
+def test_MOParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test MOParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "IN"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mo.to_gerber() == "%MOIN*%"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "MM"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mo.to_gerber() == "%MOMM*%"
+
+
+def test_MOParamStmt_conversion():
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "MM"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    mo.to_inch()
+    assert mo.mode == "inch"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "IN"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    mo.to_metric()
+    assert mo.mode == "metric"
+
+
+def test_MOParamStmt_string():
+    """ Test MOParamStmt.__str__()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "IN"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(mo) == "<Mode: inches>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "MO", "mo": "MM"}
+    mo = MOParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(mo) == "<Mode: millimeters>"
+
+
+def test_IPParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test IPParamStruct factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "IP", "ip": "POS"}
+    ip = IPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ip.ip == "positive"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "IP", "ip": "NEG"}
+    ip = IPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ip.ip == "negative"
+
+
+def test_IPParamStmt():
+    """ Test IPParamStmt initialization
+    """
+    param = "IP"
+    for ip in ["positive", "negative"]:
+        stmt = IPParamStmt(param, ip)
+        assert stmt.param == param
+        assert stmt.ip == ip
+
+
+def test_IPParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test IPParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "IP", "ip": "POS"}
+    ip = IPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ip.to_gerber() == "%IPPOS*%"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "IP", "ip": "NEG"}
+    ip = IPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ip.to_gerber() == "%IPNEG*%"
+
+
+def test_IPParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "IP", "ip": "POS"}
+    ip = IPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ip) == "<Image Polarity: positive>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "IP", "ip": "NEG"}
+    ip = IPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ip) == "<Image Polarity: negative>"
+
+
+def test_IRParamStmt_factory():
+    stmt = {"param": "IR", "angle": "45"}
+    ir = IRParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ir.param == "IR"
+    assert ir.angle == 45
+
+
+def test_IRParamStmt_dump():
+    stmt = {"param": "IR", "angle": "45"}
+    ir = IRParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ir.to_gerber() == "%IR45*%"
+
+
+def test_IRParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "IR", "angle": "45"}
+    ir = IRParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ir) == "<Image Angle: 45>"
+
+
+def test_OFParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test OFParamStmt factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "0.1234567", "b": "0.1234567"}
+    of = OFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert of.a == 0.1234567
+    assert of.b == 0.1234567
+
+
+def test_OFParamStmt():
+    """ Test IPParamStmt initialization
+    """
+    param = "OF"
+    for val in [0.0, -3.4567]:
+        stmt = OFParamStmt(param, val, val)
+        assert stmt.param == param
+        assert stmt.a == val
+        assert stmt.b == val
+
+
+def test_OFParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test OFParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "0.123456", "b": "0.123456"}
+    of = OFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert of.to_gerber() == "%OFA0.12345B0.12345*%"
+
+
+def test_OFParamStmt_conversion():
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "2.54", "b": "25.4"}
+    of = OFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    of.units = "metric"
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_metric()
+    assert of.a == 2.54
+    assert of.b == 25.4
+
+    of.to_inch()
+    assert of.units == "inch"
+    assert of.a == 0.1
+    assert of.b == 1.0
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_inch()
+    assert of.a == 0.1
+    assert of.b == 1.0
+
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "0.1", "b": "1.0"}
+    of = OFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    of.units = "inch"
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_inch()
+    assert of.a == 0.1
+    assert of.b == 1.0
+
+    of.to_metric()
+    assert of.units == "metric"
+    assert of.a == 2.54
+    assert of.b == 25.4
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_metric()
+    assert of.a == 2.54
+    assert of.b == 25.4
+
+
+def test_OFParamStmt_offset():
+    s = OFParamStmt("OF", 0, 0)
+    s.offset(1, 0)
+    assert s.a == 1.0
+    assert s.b == 0.0
+    s.offset(0, 1)
+    assert s.a == 1.0
+    assert s.b == 1.0
+
+
+def test_OFParamStmt_string():
+    """ Test OFParamStmt __str__
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "0.123456", "b": "0.123456"}
+    of = OFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(of) == "<Offset: X: 0.123456 Y: 0.123456 >"
+
+
+def test_SFParamStmt_factory():
+    stmt = {"param": "SF", "a": "1.4", "b": "0.9"}
+    sf = SFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert sf.param == "SF"
+    assert sf.a == 1.4
+    assert sf.b == 0.9
+
+
+def test_SFParamStmt_dump():
+    stmt = {"param": "SF", "a": "1.4", "b": "0.9"}
+    sf = SFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert sf.to_gerber() == "%SFA1.4B0.9*%"
+
+
+def test_SFParamStmt_conversion():
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "2.54", "b": "25.4"}
+    of = SFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    of.units = "metric"
+    of.to_metric()
+
+    # No effect
+    assert of.a == 2.54
+    assert of.b == 25.4
+
+    of.to_inch()
+    assert of.units == "inch"
+    assert of.a == 0.1
+    assert of.b == 1.0
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_inch()
+    assert of.a == 0.1
+    assert of.b == 1.0
+
+    stmt = {"param": "OF", "a": "0.1", "b": "1.0"}
+    of = SFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    of.units = "inch"
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_inch()
+    assert of.a == 0.1
+    assert of.b == 1.0
+
+    of.to_metric()
+    assert of.units == "metric"
+    assert of.a == 2.54
+    assert of.b == 25.4
+
+    # No effect
+    of.to_metric()
+    assert of.a == 2.54
+    assert of.b == 25.4
+
+
+def test_SFParamStmt_offset():
+    s = SFParamStmt("OF", 0, 0)
+    s.offset(1, 0)
+    assert s.a == 1.0
+    assert s.b == 0.0
+    s.offset(0, 1)
+    assert s.a == 1.0
+    assert s.b == 1.0
+
+
+def test_SFParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "SF", "a": "1.4", "b": "0.9"}
+    sf = SFParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(sf) == "<Scale Factor: X: 1.4 Y: 0.9>"
+
+
+def test_LPParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test LPParamStmt factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "LP", "lp": "C"}
+    lp = LPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert lp.lp == "clear"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "LP", "lp": "D"}
+    lp = LPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert lp.lp == "dark"
+
+
+def test_LPParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test LPParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "LP", "lp": "C"}
+    lp = LPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert lp.to_gerber() == "%LPC*%"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "LP", "lp": "D"}
+    lp = LPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert lp.to_gerber() == "%LPD*%"
+
+
+def test_LPParamStmt_string():
+    """ Test LPParamStmt.__str__()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "LP", "lp": "D"}
+    lp = LPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(lp) == "<Level Polarity: dark>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "LP", "lp": "C"}
+    lp = LPParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(lp) == "<Level Polarity: clear>"
+
+
+def test_AMParamStmt_factory():
+    name = "DONUTVAR"
+    macro = """0 Test Macro. *
+1,1,1.5,0,0*
+20,1,0.9,0,0.45,12,0.45,0*
+21,1,6.8,1.2,3.4,0.6,0*
+22,1,6.8,1.2,0,0,0*
+4,1,4,0.1,0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.1,0.1,0*
+5,1,8,0,0,8,0*
+6,0,0,5,0.5,0.5,2,0.1,6,0*
+7,0,0,7,6,0.2,0*
+8,THIS IS AN UNSUPPORTED PRIMITIVE*
+"""
+    s = AMParamStmt.from_dict({"param": "AM", "name": name, "macro": macro})
+    s.build()
+    assert len(s.primitives) == 10
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[0], AMCommentPrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[1], AMCirclePrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[2], AMVectorLinePrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[3], AMCenterLinePrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[4], AMLowerLeftLinePrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[5], AMOutlinePrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[6], AMPolygonPrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[7], AMMoirePrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[8], AMThermalPrimitive)
+    assert isinstance(s.primitives[9], AMUnsupportPrimitive)
+
+
+def testAMParamStmt_conversion():
+    name = "POLYGON"
+    macro = "5,1,8,25.4,25.4,25.4,0*"
+    s = AMParamStmt.from_dict({"param": "AM", "name": name, "macro": macro})
+
+    s.build()
+    s.units = "metric"
+
+    # No effect
+    s.to_metric()
+    assert s.primitives[0].position == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert s.primitives[0].diameter == 25.4
+
+    s.to_inch()
+    assert s.units == "inch"
+    assert s.primitives[0].position == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert s.primitives[0].diameter == 1.0
+
+    # No effect
+    s.to_inch()
+    assert s.primitives[0].position == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert s.primitives[0].diameter == 1.0
+
+    macro = "5,1,8,1,1,1,0*"
+    s = AMParamStmt.from_dict({"param": "AM", "name": name, "macro": macro})
+    s.build()
+    s.units = "inch"
+
+    # No effect
+    s.to_inch()
+    assert s.primitives[0].position == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert s.primitives[0].diameter == 1.0
+
+    s.to_metric()
+    assert s.units == "metric"
+    assert s.primitives[0].position == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert s.primitives[0].diameter == 25.4
+
+    # No effect
+    s.to_metric()
+    assert s.primitives[0].position == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert s.primitives[0].diameter == 25.4
+
+
+def test_AMParamStmt_dump():
+    name = "POLYGON"
+    macro = "5,1,8,25.4,25.4,25.4,0.0"
+    s = AMParamStmt.from_dict({"param": "AM", "name": name, "macro": macro})
+    s.build()
+    assert s.to_gerber() == "%AMPOLYGON*5,1,8,25.4,25.4,25.4,0.0*%"
+
+    # TODO - Store Equations and update on unit change...
+    s = AMParamStmt.from_dict(
+        {"param": "AM", "name": "OC8", "macro": "5,1,8,0,0,1.08239X$1,22.5"}
+    )
+    s.build()
+    # assert_equal(s.to_gerber(), '%AMOC8*5,1,8,0,0,1.08239X$1,22.5*%')
+    assert s.to_gerber() == "%AMOC8*5,1,8,0,0,0,22.5*%"
+
+
+def test_AMParamStmt_string():
+    name = "POLYGON"
+    macro = "5,1,8,25.4,25.4,25.4,0*"
+    s = AMParamStmt.from_dict({"param": "AM", "name": name, "macro": macro})
+    s.build()
+    assert str(s) == "<Aperture Macro POLYGON: 5,1,8,25.4,25.4,25.4,0*>"
+
+
+def test_ASParamStmt_factory():
+    stmt = {"param": "AS", "mode": "AXBY"}
+    s = ASParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert s.param == "AS"
+    assert s.mode == "AXBY"
+
+
+def test_ASParamStmt_dump():
+    stmt = {"param": "AS", "mode": "AXBY"}
+    s = ASParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert s.to_gerber() == "%ASAXBY*%"
+
+
+def test_ASParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "AS", "mode": "AXBY"}
+    s = ASParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(s) == "<Axis Select: AXBY>"
+
+
+def test_INParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test INParamStmt factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "IN", "name": "test"}
+    inp = INParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert inp.name == "test"
+
+
+def test_INParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test INParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "IN", "name": "test"}
+    inp = INParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert inp.to_gerber() == "%INtest*%"
+
+
+def test_INParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "IN", "name": "test"}
+    inp = INParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(inp) == "<Image Name: test>"
+
+
+def test_LNParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test LNParamStmt factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "LN", "name": "test"}
+    lnp = LNParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert lnp.name == "test"
+
+
+def test_LNParamStmt_dump():
+    """ Test LNParamStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "LN", "name": "test"}
+    lnp = LNParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert lnp.to_gerber() == "%LNtest*%"
+
+
+def test_LNParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "LN", "name": "test"}
+    lnp = LNParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(lnp) == "<Level Name: test>"
+
+
+def test_comment_stmt():
+    """ Test comment statement
+    """
+    stmt = CommentStmt("A comment")
+    assert stmt.type == "COMMENT"
+    assert stmt.comment == "A comment"
+
+
+def test_comment_stmt_dump():
+    """ Test CommentStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = CommentStmt("A comment")
+    assert stmt.to_gerber() == "G04A comment*"
+
+
+def test_comment_stmt_string():
+    stmt = CommentStmt("A comment")
+    assert str(stmt) == "<Comment: A comment>"
+
+
+def test_eofstmt():
+    """ Test EofStmt
+    """
+    stmt = EofStmt()
+    assert stmt.type == "EOF"
+
+
+def test_eofstmt_dump():
+    """ Test EofStmt to_gerber()
+    """
+    stmt = EofStmt()
+    assert stmt.to_gerber() == "M02*"
+
+
+def test_eofstmt_string():
+    assert str(EofStmt()) == "<EOF Statement>"
+
+
+def test_quadmodestmt_factory():
+    """ Test QuadrantModeStmt.from_gerber()
+    """
+    line = "G74*"
+    stmt = QuadrantModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+    assert stmt.type == "QuadrantMode"
+    assert stmt.mode == "single-quadrant"
+
+    line = "G75*"
+    stmt = QuadrantModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+    assert stmt.mode == "multi-quadrant"
+
+
+def test_quadmodestmt_validation():
+    """ Test QuadrantModeStmt input validation
+    """
+    line = "G76*"
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, QuadrantModeStmt.from_gerber, line)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, QuadrantModeStmt, "quadrant-ful")
+
+
+def test_quadmodestmt_dump():
+    """ Test QuadrantModeStmt.to_gerber()
+    """
+    for line in ("G74*", "G75*"):
+        stmt = QuadrantModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+        assert stmt.to_gerber() == line
+
+
+def test_regionmodestmt_factory():
+    """ Test RegionModeStmt.from_gerber()
+    """
+    line = "G36*"
+    stmt = RegionModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+    assert stmt.type == "RegionMode"
+    assert stmt.mode == "on"
+
+    line = "G37*"
+    stmt = RegionModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+    assert stmt.mode == "off"
+
+
+def test_regionmodestmt_validation():
+    """ Test RegionModeStmt input validation
+    """
+    line = "G38*"
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, RegionModeStmt.from_gerber, line)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, RegionModeStmt, "off-ish")
+
+
+def test_regionmodestmt_dump():
+    """ Test RegionModeStmt.to_gerber()
+    """
+    for line in ("G36*", "G37*"):
+        stmt = RegionModeStmt.from_gerber(line)
+        assert stmt.to_gerber() == line
+
+
+def test_unknownstmt():
+    """ Test UnknownStmt
+    """
+    line = "G696969*"
+    stmt = UnknownStmt(line)
+    assert stmt.type == "UNKNOWN"
+    assert stmt.line == line
+
+
+def test_unknownstmt_dump():
+    """ Test UnknownStmt.to_gerber()
+    """
+    lines = ("G696969*", "M03*")
+    for line in lines:
+        stmt = UnknownStmt(line)
+        assert stmt.to_gerber() == line
+
+
+def test_statement_string():
+    """ Test Statement.__str__()
+    """
+    stmt = Statement("PARAM")
+    assert "type=PARAM" in str(stmt)
+    stmt.test = "PASS"
+    assert "test=PASS" in str(stmt)
+    assert "type=PARAM" in str(stmt)
+
+
+def test_ADParamStmt_factory():
+    """ Test ADParamStmt factory
+    """
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "C"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.d == 0
+    assert ad.shape == "C"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 1, "shape": "R"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.d == 1
+    assert ad.shape == "R"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 1, "shape": "C", "modifiers": "1.42"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.d == 1
+    assert ad.shape == "C"
+    assert ad.modifiers == [(1.42,)]
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 1, "shape": "C", "modifiers": "1.42X"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.d == 1
+    assert ad.shape == "C"
+    assert ad.modifiers == [(1.42,)]
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 1, "shape": "R", "modifiers": "1.42X1.24"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.d == 1
+    assert ad.shape == "R"
+    assert ad.modifiers == [(1.42, 1.24)]
+
+
+def test_ADParamStmt_conversion():
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "C", "modifiers": "25.4X25.4,25.4X25.4"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    ad.units = "metric"
+
+    # No effect
+    ad.to_metric()
+    assert ad.modifiers[0] == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert ad.modifiers[1] == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+    ad.to_inch()
+    assert ad.units == "inch"
+    assert ad.modifiers[0] == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert ad.modifiers[1] == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    # No effect
+    ad.to_inch()
+    assert ad.modifiers[0] == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert ad.modifiers[1] == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "C", "modifiers": "1X1,1X1"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    ad.units = "inch"
+
+    # No effect
+    ad.to_inch()
+    assert ad.modifiers[0] == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert ad.modifiers[1] == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+    ad.to_metric()
+    assert ad.modifiers[0] == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert ad.modifiers[1] == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+    # No effect
+    ad.to_metric()
+    assert ad.modifiers[0] == (25.4, 25.4)
+    assert ad.modifiers[1] == (25.4, 25.4)
+
+
+def test_ADParamStmt_dump():
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "C"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.to_gerber() == "%ADD0C*%"
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "C", "modifiers": "1X1,1X1"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert ad.to_gerber() == "%ADD0C,1X1,1X1*%"
+
+
+def test_ADPamramStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "C"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ad) == "<Aperture Definition: 0: circle>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "R"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ad) == "<Aperture Definition: 0: rectangle>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "O"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ad) == "<Aperture Definition: 0: obround>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "AD", "d": 0, "shape": "test"}
+    ad = ADParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(ad) == "<Aperture Definition: 0: test>"
+
+
+def test_MIParamStmt_factory():
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "a": 1, "b": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mi.a == 1
+    assert mi.b == 1
+
+
+def test_MIParamStmt_dump():
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "a": 1, "b": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mi.to_gerber() == "%MIA1B1*%"
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "a": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mi.to_gerber() == "%MIA1B0*%"
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "b": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert mi.to_gerber() == "%MIA0B1*%"
+
+
+def test_MIParamStmt_string():
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "a": 1, "b": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(mi) == "<Image Mirror: A=1 B=1>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "b": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(mi) == "<Image Mirror: A=0 B=1>"
+
+    stmt = {"param": "MI", "a": 1}
+    mi = MIParamStmt.from_dict(stmt)
+    assert str(mi) == "<Image Mirror: A=1 B=0>"
+
+
+def test_coordstmt_ctor():
+    cs = CoordStmt("G04", 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, "D01", FileSettings())
+    assert cs.function == "G04"
+    assert cs.x == 0.0
+    assert cs.y == 0.1
+    assert cs.i == 0.2
+    assert cs.j == 0.3
+    assert cs.op == "D01"
+
+
+def test_coordstmt_factory():
+    stmt = {
+        "function": "G04",
+        "x": "0",
+        "y": "001",
+        "i": "002",
+        "j": "003",
+        "op": "D01",
+    }
+    cs = CoordStmt.from_dict(stmt, FileSettings())
+    assert cs.function == "G04"
+    assert cs.x == 0.0
+    assert cs.y == 0.1
+    assert cs.i == 0.2
+    assert cs.j == 0.3
+    assert cs.op == "D01"
+
+
+def test_coordstmt_dump():
+    cs = CoordStmt("G04", 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, "D01", FileSettings())
+    assert cs.to_gerber(FileSettings()) == "G04X0Y001I002J003D01*"
+
+
+def test_coordstmt_conversion():
+    cs = CoordStmt("G71", 25.4, 25.4, 25.4, 25.4, "D01", FileSettings())
+    cs.units = "metric"
+
+    # No effect
+    cs.to_metric()
+    assert cs.x == 25.4
+    assert cs.y == 25.4
+    assert cs.i == 25.4
+    assert cs.j == 25.4
+    assert cs.function == "G71"
+
+    cs.to_inch()
+    assert cs.units == "inch"
+    assert cs.x == 1.0
+    assert cs.y == 1.0
+    assert cs.i == 1.0
+    assert cs.j == 1.0
+    assert cs.function == "G70"
+
+    # No effect
+    cs.to_inch()
+    assert cs.x == 1.0
+    assert cs.y == 1.0
+    assert cs.i == 1.0
+    assert cs.j == 1.0
+    assert cs.function == "G70"
+
+    cs = CoordStmt("G70", 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, "D01", FileSettings())
+    cs.units = "inch"
+
+    # No effect
+    cs.to_inch()
+    assert cs.x == 1.0
+    assert cs.y == 1.0
+    assert cs.i == 1.0
+    assert cs.j == 1.0
+    assert cs.function == "G70"
+
+    cs.to_metric()
+    assert cs.x == 25.4
+    assert cs.y == 25.4
+    assert cs.i == 25.4
+    assert cs.j == 25.4
+    assert cs.function == "G71"
+
+    # No effect
+    cs.to_metric()
+    assert cs.x == 25.4
+    assert cs.y == 25.4
+    assert cs.i == 25.4
+    assert cs.j == 25.4
+    assert cs.function == "G71"
+
+
+def test_coordstmt_offset():
+    c = CoordStmt("G71", 0, 0, 0, 0, "D01", FileSettings())
+    c.offset(1, 0)
+    assert c.x == 1.0
+    assert c.y == 0.0
+    assert c.i == 1.0
+    assert c.j == 0.0
+    c.offset(0, 1)
+    assert c.x == 1.0
+    assert c.y == 1.0
+    assert c.i == 1.0
+    assert c.j == 1.0
+
+
+def test_coordstmt_string():
+    cs = CoordStmt("G04", 0, 1, 2, 3, "D01", FileSettings())
+    assert (
+        str(cs) == "<Coordinate Statement: Fn: G04 X: 0 Y: 1 I: 2 J: 3 Op: Lights On>"
+    )
+    cs = CoordStmt("G04", None, None, None, None, "D02", FileSettings())
+    assert str(cs) == "<Coordinate Statement: Fn: G04 Op: Lights Off>"
+    cs = CoordStmt("G04", None, None, None, None, "D03", FileSettings())
+    assert str(cs) == "<Coordinate Statement: Fn: G04 Op: Flash>"
+    cs = CoordStmt("G04", None, None, None, None, "TEST", FileSettings())
+    assert str(cs) == "<Coordinate Statement: Fn: G04 Op: TEST>"
+
+
+def test_aperturestmt_ctor():
+    ast = ApertureStmt(3, False)
+    assert ast.d == 3
+    assert ast.deprecated == False
+    ast = ApertureStmt(4, True)
+    assert ast.d == 4
+    assert ast.deprecated == True
+    ast = ApertureStmt(4, 1)
+    assert ast.d == 4
+    assert ast.deprecated == True
+    ast = ApertureStmt(3)
+    assert ast.d == 3
+    assert ast.deprecated == False
+
+
+def test_aperturestmt_dump():
+    ast = ApertureStmt(3, False)
+    assert ast.to_gerber() == "D3*"
+    ast = ApertureStmt(3, True)
+    assert ast.to_gerber() == "G54D3*"
+    assert str(ast) == "<Aperture: 3>"
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_ipc356.py b/gerber/tests/test_ipc356.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77f0782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_ipc356.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+import pytest
+from ..ipc356 import *
+from ..cam import FileSettings
+
+import os
+
+IPC_D_356_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/ipc-d-356.ipc")
+
+
+def test_read():
+    ipcfile = read(IPC_D_356_FILE)
+    assert isinstance(ipcfile, IPCNetlist)
+
+
+def test_parser():
+    ipcfile = read(IPC_D_356_FILE)
+    assert ipcfile.settings.units == "inch"
+    assert ipcfile.settings.angle_units == "degrees"
+    assert len(ipcfile.comments) == 3
+    assert len(ipcfile.parameters) == 4
+    assert len(ipcfile.test_records) == 105
+    assert len(ipcfile.components) == 21
+    assert len(ipcfile.vias) == 14
+    assert ipcfile.test_records[-1].net_name == "A_REALLY_LONG_NET_NAME"
+    assert ipcfile.outlines[0].type == "BOARD_EDGE"
+    assert set(ipcfile.outlines[0].points) == {
+        (0.0, 0.0),
+        (2.25, 0.0),
+        (2.25, 1.5),
+        (0.0, 1.5),
+        (0.13, 0.024),
+    }
+
+
+def test_comment():
+    c = IPC356_Comment("Layer Stackup:")
+    assert c.comment == "Layer Stackup:"
+    c = IPC356_Comment.from_line("C  Layer Stackup:   ")
+    assert c.comment == "Layer Stackup:"
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, IPC356_Comment.from_line, "P  JOB")
+    assert str(c) == "<IPC-D-356 Comment: Layer Stackup:>"
+
+
+def test_parameter():
+    p = IPC356_Parameter("VER", "IPC-D-356A")
+    assert p.parameter == "VER"
+    assert p.value == "IPC-D-356A"
+    p = IPC356_Parameter.from_line("P  VER IPC-D-356A    ")
+    assert p.parameter == "VER"
+    assert p.value == "IPC-D-356A"
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, IPC356_Parameter.from_line, "C  Layer Stackup:   ")
+    assert str(p) == "<IPC-D-356 Parameter: VER=IPC-D-356A>"
+
+
+def test_eof():
+    e = IPC356_EndOfFile()
+    assert e.to_netlist() == "999"
+    assert str(e) == "<IPC-D-356 EOF>"
+
+
+def test_outline():
+    type = "BOARD_EDGE"
+    points = [(0.01, 0.01), (2.0, 2.0), (4.0, 2.0), (4.0, 6.0)]
+    b = IPC356_Outline(type, points)
+    assert b.type == type
+    assert b.points == points
+    b = IPC356_Outline.from_line(
+        "389BOARD_EDGE         X100Y100 X20000Y20000 X40000 Y60000",
+        FileSettings(units="inch"),
+    )
+    assert b.type == "BOARD_EDGE"
+    assert b.points == points
+
+
+def test_test_record():
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, IPC356_TestRecord.from_line, "P  JOB", FileSettings())
+    record_string = (
+        "317+5VDC            VIA   -     D0150PA00X 006647Y 012900X0000          S3"
+    )
+    r = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(record_string, FileSettings(units="inch"))
+    assert r.feature_type == "through-hole"
+    assert r.net_name == "+5VDC"
+    assert r.id == "VIA"
+    pytest.approx(r.hole_diameter, 0.015)
+    assert r.plated
+    assert r.access == "both"
+    pytest.approx(r.x_coord, 0.6647)
+    pytest.approx(r.y_coord, 1.29)
+    assert r.rect_x == 0.0
+    assert r.soldermask_info == "both"
+    r = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(record_string, FileSettings(units="metric"))
+    pytest.approx(r.hole_diameter, 0.15)
+    pytest.approx(r.x_coord, 6.647)
+    pytest.approx(r.y_coord, 12.9)
+    assert r.rect_x == 0.0
+    assert str(r) == "<IPC-D-356 +5VDC Test Record: through-hole>"
+
+    record_string = (
+        "327+3.3VDC          R40   -1         PA01X 032100Y 007124X0236Y0315R180 S0"
+    )
+    r = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(record_string, FileSettings(units="inch"))
+    assert r.feature_type == "smt"
+    assert r.net_name == "+3.3VDC"
+    assert r.id == "R40"
+    assert r.pin == "1"
+    assert r.plated
+    assert r.access == "top"
+    pytest.approx(r.x_coord, 3.21)
+    pytest.approx(r.y_coord, 0.7124)
+    pytest.approx(r.rect_x, 0.0236)
+    pytest.approx(r.rect_y, 0.0315)
+    assert r.rect_rotation == 180
+    assert r.soldermask_info == "none"
+    r = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(record_string, FileSettings(units="metric"))
+    pytest.approx(r.x_coord, 32.1)
+    pytest.approx(r.y_coord, 7.124)
+    pytest.approx(r.rect_x, 0.236)
+    pytest.approx(r.rect_y, 0.315)
+
+    record_string = (
+        "317                 J4    -M2   D0330PA00X 012447Y 008030X0000          S1"
+    )
+    r = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(record_string, FileSettings(units="inch"))
+    assert r.feature_type == "through-hole"
+    assert r.id == "J4"
+    assert r.pin == "M2"
+    pytest.approx(r.hole_diameter, 0.033)
+    assert r.plated
+    assert r.access == "both"
+    pytest.approx(r.x_coord, 1.2447)
+    pytest.approx(r.y_coord, 0.8030)
+    pytest.approx(r.rect_x, 0.0)
+    assert r.soldermask_info == "primary side"
+
+    record_string = "317SCL              COMMUNICATION-1    D  40PA00X  34000Y  20000X 600Y1200R270 "
+    r = IPC356_TestRecord.from_line(record_string, FileSettings(units="inch"))
+    assert r.feature_type == "through-hole"
+    assert r.net_name == "SCL"
+    assert r.id == "COMMUNICATION"
+    assert r.pin == "1"
+    pytest.approx(r.hole_diameter, 0.004)
+    assert r.plated
+    pytest.approx(r.x_coord, 3.4)
+    pytest.approx(r.y_coord, 2.0)
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_layers.py b/gerber/tests/test_layers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2178787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_layers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# copyright 2016 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+import os
+
+from ..layers import *
+from ..common import read
+
+NCDRILL_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/ncdrill.DRD")
+NETLIST_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/ipc-d-356.ipc")
+COPPER_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/top_copper.GTL")
+
+
+def test_guess_layer_class():
+    """ Test layer type inferred correctly from filename
+    """
+
+    # Add any specific test cases here (filename, layer_class)
+    test_vectors = [
+        (None, "unknown"),
+        ("NCDRILL.TXT", "unknown"),
+        ("example_board.gtl", "top"),
+        ("exampmle_board.sst", "topsilk"),
+        ("ipc-d-356.ipc", "ipc_netlist"),
+    ]
+
+    for hint in hints:
+        for ext in hint.ext:
+            assert hint.layer == guess_layer_class("board.{}".format(ext))
+        for name in hint.name:
+            assert hint.layer == guess_layer_class("{}.pho".format(name))
+
+    for filename, layer_class in test_vectors:
+        assert layer_class == guess_layer_class(filename)
+
+
+def test_guess_layer_class_regex():
+    """ Test regular expressions for layer matching
+    """
+
+    # Add any specific test case (filename, layer_class)
+    test_vectors = [("test - top copper.gbr", "top"), ("test - copper top.gbr", "top")]
+
+    # Add custom regular expressions
+    layer_hints = [
+        Hint(
+            layer="top",
+            ext=[],
+            name=[],
+            regex=r"(.*)(\scopper top|\stop copper).gbr",
+            content=[],
+        )
+    ]
+    hints.extend(layer_hints)
+
+    for filename, layer_class in test_vectors:
+        assert layer_class == guess_layer_class(filename)
+
+
+def test_guess_layer_class_by_content():
+    """ Test layer class by checking content
+    """
+
+    expected_layer_class = "bottom"
+    filename = os.path.join(
+        os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/example_guess_by_content.g0"
+    )
+
+    layer_hints = [
+        Hint(
+            layer="bottom",
+            ext=[],
+            name=[],
+            regex="",
+            content=["G04 Layer name: Bottom"],
+        )
+    ]
+    hints.extend(layer_hints)
+
+    assert expected_layer_class == guess_layer_class_by_content(filename)
+
+
+def test_sort_layers():
+    """ Test layer ordering
+    """
+    layers = [
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="drawing"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="drill"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="bottompaste"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="bottomsilk"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="bottommask"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="bottom"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="internal"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="top"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="topmask"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="topsilk"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="toppaste"),
+        PCBLayer(layer_class="outline"),
+    ]
+
+    layer_order = [
+        "outline",
+        "toppaste",
+        "topsilk",
+        "topmask",
+        "top",
+        "internal",
+        "bottom",
+        "bottommask",
+        "bottomsilk",
+        "bottompaste",
+        "drill",
+        "drawing",
+    ]
+    bottom_order = list(reversed(layer_order[:10])) + layer_order[10:]
+    assert [l.layer_class for l in sort_layers(layers)] == layer_order
+    assert [l.layer_class for l in sort_layers(layers, from_top=False)] == bottom_order
+
+
+def test_PCBLayer_from_file():
+    layer = PCBLayer.from_cam(read(COPPER_FILE))
+    assert isinstance(layer, PCBLayer)
+    layer = PCBLayer.from_cam(read(NCDRILL_FILE))
+    assert isinstance(layer, DrillLayer)
+    layer = PCBLayer.from_cam(read(NETLIST_FILE))
+    assert isinstance(layer, PCBLayer)
+    assert layer.layer_class == "ipc_netlist"
+
+
+def test_PCBLayer_bounds():
+    source = read(COPPER_FILE)
+    layer = PCBLayer.from_cam(source)
+    assert source.bounds == layer.bounds
+
+
+def test_DrillLayer_from_cam():
+    no_exceptions = True
+    try:
+        layer = DrillLayer.from_cam(read(NCDRILL_FILE))
+        assert isinstance(layer, DrillLayer)
+    except:
+        no_exceptions = False
+    assert no_exceptions
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_primitives.py b/gerber/tests/test_primitives.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad5b34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_primitives.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1429 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+import pytest
+from operator import add
+from ..primitives import *
+
+
+def test_primitive_smoketest():
+    p = Primitive()
+    try:
+        p.bounding_box
+        assert not True, "should have thrown the exception"
+    except NotImplementedError:
+        pass
+    # pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, p.bounding_box)
+
+    p.to_metric()
+    p.to_inch()
+    # try:
+    #    p.offset(1, 1)
+    #    assert_false(True, 'should have thrown the exception')
+    # except NotImplementedError:
+    #    pass
+
+
+def test_line_angle():
+    """ Test Line primitive angle calculation
+    """
+    cases = [
+        ((0, 0), (1, 0), math.radians(0)),
+        ((0, 0), (1, 1), math.radians(45)),
+        ((0, 0), (0, 1), math.radians(90)),
+        ((0, 0), (-1, 1), math.radians(135)),
+        ((0, 0), (-1, 0), math.radians(180)),
+        ((0, 0), (-1, -1), math.radians(225)),
+        ((0, 0), (0, -1), math.radians(270)),
+        ((0, 0), (1, -1), math.radians(315)),
+    ]
+    for start, end, expected in cases:
+        l = Line(start, end, 0)
+        line_angle = (l.angle + 2 * math.pi) % (2 * math.pi)
+        pytest.approx(line_angle, expected)
+
+
+def test_line_bounds():
+    """ Test Line primitive bounding box calculation
+    """
+    cases = [
+        ((0, 0), (1, 1), ((-1, 2), (-1, 2))),
+        ((-1, -1), (1, 1), ((-2, 2), (-2, 2))),
+        ((1, 1), (-1, -1), ((-2, 2), (-2, 2))),
+        ((-1, 1), (1, -1), ((-2, 2), (-2, 2))),
+    ]
+
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 2)
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2, 2)
+    for shape in (c, r):
+        for start, end, expected in cases:
+            l = Line(start, end, shape)
+            assert l.bounding_box == expected
+    # Test a non-square rectangle
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 3, 2)
+    cases = [
+        ((0, 0), (1, 1), ((-1.5, 2.5), (-1, 2))),
+        ((-1, -1), (1, 1), ((-2.5, 2.5), (-2, 2))),
+        ((1, 1), (-1, -1), ((-2.5, 2.5), (-2, 2))),
+        ((-1, 1), (1, -1), ((-2.5, 2.5), (-2, 2))),
+    ]
+    for start, end, expected in cases:
+        l = Line(start, end, r)
+        assert l.bounding_box == expected
+
+
+def test_line_vertices():
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 2)
+    l = Line((0, 0), (1, 1), c)
+    assert l.vertices == None
+
+    # All 4 compass points, all 4 quadrants and the case where start == end
+    test_cases = [
+        ((0, 0), (1, 0), ((-1, -1), (-1, 1), (2, 1), (2, -1))),
+        ((0, 0), (1, 1), ((-1, -1), (-1, 1), (0, 2), (2, 2), (2, 0), (1, -1))),
+        ((0, 0), (0, 1), ((-1, -1), (-1, 2), (1, 2), (1, -1))),
+        ((0, 0), (-1, 1), ((-1, -1), (-2, 0), (-2, 2), (0, 2), (1, 1), (1, -1))),
+        ((0, 0), (-1, 0), ((-2, -1), (-2, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1))),
+        ((0, 0), (-1, -1), ((-2, -2), (1, -1), (1, 1), (-1, 1), (-2, 0), (0, -2))),
+        ((0, 0), (0, -1), ((-1, -2), (-1, 1), (1, 1), (1, -2))),
+        ((0, 0), (1, -1), ((-1, -1), (0, -2), (2, -2), (2, 0), (1, 1), (-1, 1))),
+        ((0, 0), (0, 0), ((-1, -1), (-1, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1))),
+    ]
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2, 2)
+
+    for start, end, vertices in test_cases:
+        l = Line(start, end, r)
+        assert set(vertices) == set(l.vertices)
+
+
+def test_line_conversion():
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 25.4, units="metric")
+    l = Line((2.54, 25.4), (254.0, 2540.0), c, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.start == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert l.end == (254.0, 2540.0)
+    assert l.aperture.diameter == 25.4
+
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.start == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert l.end == (10.0, 100.0)
+    assert l.aperture.diameter == 1.0
+
+    # No effect
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.start == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert l.end == (10.0, 100.0)
+    assert l.aperture.diameter == 1.0
+
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 1.0, units="inch")
+    l = Line((0.1, 1.0), (10.0, 100.0), c, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.start == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert l.end == (10.0, 100.0)
+    assert l.aperture.diameter == 1.0
+
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.start == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert l.end == (254.0, 2540.0)
+    assert l.aperture.diameter == 25.4
+
+    # No effect
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.start == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert l.end == (254.0, 2540.0)
+    assert l.aperture.diameter == 25.4
+
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 25.4, 254.0, units="metric")
+    l = Line((2.54, 25.4), (254.0, 2540.0), r, units="metric")
+    l.to_inch()
+    assert l.start == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert l.end == (10.0, 100.0)
+    assert l.aperture.width == 1.0
+    assert l.aperture.height == 10.0
+
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 1.0, 10.0, units="inch")
+    l = Line((0.1, 1.0), (10.0, 100.0), r, units="inch")
+    l.to_metric()
+    assert l.start == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert l.end == (254.0, 2540.0)
+    assert l.aperture.width == 25.4
+    assert l.aperture.height == 254.0
+
+
+def test_line_offset():
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 1)
+    l = Line((0, 0), (1, 1), c)
+    l.offset(1, 0)
+    assert l.start == (1.0, 0.0)
+    assert l.end == (2.0, 1.0)
+    l.offset(0, 1)
+    assert l.start == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert l.end == (2.0, 2.0)
+
+
+def test_arc_radius():
+    """ Test Arc primitive radius calculation
+    """
+    cases = [((-3, 4), (5, 0), (0, 0), 5), ((0, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0), 1)]
+
+    for start, end, center, radius in cases:
+        a = Arc(start, end, center, "clockwise", 0, "single-quadrant")
+        assert a.radius == radius
+
+
+def test_arc_sweep_angle():
+    """ Test Arc primitive sweep angle calculation
+    """
+    cases = [
+        ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", math.radians(90)),
+        ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0), "clockwise", math.radians(270)),
+        ((1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", math.radians(180)),
+        ((1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", math.radians(180)),
+    ]
+
+    for start, end, center, direction, sweep in cases:
+        c = Circle((0, 0), 1)
+        a = Arc(start, end, center, direction, c, "single-quadrant")
+        assert a.sweep_angle == sweep
+
+
+def test_arc_bounds():
+    """ Test Arc primitive bounding box calculation
+    """
+    cases = [
+        ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5))),
+        ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-0.5, 1.5), (-0.5, 1.5))),
+        ((0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5))),
+        ((0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-1.5, 0.5), (-0.5, 1.5))),
+        ((-1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5))),
+        ((-1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-1.5, 0.5), (-1.5, 0.5))),
+        ((0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5))),
+        ((0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-0.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 0.5))),
+        # Arcs with the same start and end point render a full circle
+        ((1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5))),
+        ((1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5))),
+    ]
+    for start, end, center, direction, bounds in cases:
+        c = Circle((0, 0), 1)
+        a = Arc(start, end, center, direction, c, "multi-quadrant")
+        assert a.bounding_box == bounds
+
+
+def test_arc_bounds_no_aperture():
+    """ Test Arc primitive bounding box calculation ignoring aperture
+    """
+    cases = [
+        ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0))),
+        ((1, 0), (0, 1), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((0.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0))),
+        ((0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0))),
+        ((0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0))),
+        ((-1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0))),
+        ((-1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-1.0, 0.0), (-1.0, 0.0))),
+        ((0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0))),
+        ((0, -1), (1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-0.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 0.0))),
+        # Arcs with the same start and end point render a full circle
+        ((1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0), "clockwise", ((-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0))),
+        ((1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0), "counterclockwise", ((-1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0))),
+    ]
+    for start, end, center, direction, bounds in cases:
+        c = Circle((0, 0), 1)
+        a = Arc(start, end, center, direction, c, "multi-quadrant")
+        assert a.bounding_box_no_aperture == bounds
+
+
+def test_arc_conversion():
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 25.4, units="metric")
+    a = Arc(
+        (2.54, 25.4),
+        (254.0, 2540.0),
+        (25400.0, 254000.0),
+        "clockwise",
+        c,
+        "single-quadrant",
+        units="metric",
+    )
+
+    # No effect
+    a.to_metric()
+    assert a.start == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert a.end == (254.0, 2540.0)
+    assert a.center == (25400.0, 254000.0)
+    assert a.aperture.diameter == 25.4
+
+    a.to_inch()
+    assert a.start == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert a.end == (10.0, 100.0)
+    assert a.center == (1000.0, 10000.0)
+    assert a.aperture.diameter == 1.0
+
+    # no effect
+    a.to_inch()
+    assert a.start == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert a.end == (10.0, 100.0)
+    assert a.center == (1000.0, 10000.0)
+    assert a.aperture.diameter == 1.0
+
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 1.0, units="inch")
+    a = Arc(
+        (0.1, 1.0),
+        (10.0, 100.0),
+        (1000.0, 10000.0),
+        "clockwise",
+        c,
+        "single-quadrant",
+        units="inch",
+    )
+    a.to_metric()
+    assert a.start == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert a.end == (254.0, 2540.0)
+    assert a.center == (25400.0, 254000.0)
+    assert a.aperture.diameter == 25.4
+
+
+def test_arc_offset():
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 1)
+    a = Arc((0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), "clockwise", c, "single-quadrant")
+    a.offset(1, 0)
+    assert a.start == (1.0, 0.0)
+    assert a.end == (2.0, 1.0)
+    assert a.center == (3.0, 2.0)
+    a.offset(0, 1)
+    assert a.start == (1.0, 1.0)
+    assert a.end == (2.0, 2.0)
+    assert a.center == (3.0, 3.0)
+
+
+def test_circle_radius():
+    """ Test Circle primitive radius calculation
+    """
+    c = Circle((1, 1), 2)
+    assert c.radius == 1
+
+
+def test_circle_hole_radius():
+    """ Test Circle primitive hole radius calculation
+    """
+    c = Circle((1, 1), 4, 2)
+    assert c.hole_radius == 1
+
+
+def test_circle_bounds():
+    """ Test Circle bounding box calculation
+    """
+    c = Circle((1, 1), 2)
+    assert c.bounding_box == ((0, 2), (0, 2))
+
+
+def test_circle_conversion():
+    """Circle conversion of units"""
+    # Circle initially metric, no hole
+    c = Circle((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, units="metric")
+
+    c.to_metric()  # shouldn't do antyhing
+    assert c.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert c.diameter == 254.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == None
+
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert c.diameter == 10.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == None
+
+    # no effect
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert c.diameter == 10.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == None
+
+    # Circle initially metric, with hole
+    c = Circle((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 127.0, units="metric")
+
+    c.to_metric()  # shouldn't do antyhing
+    assert c.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert c.diameter == 254.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == 127.0
+
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert c.diameter == 10.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == 5.0
+
+    # no effect
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert c.diameter == 10.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == 5.0
+
+    # Circle initially inch, no hole
+    c = Circle((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, units="inch")
+    # No effect
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert c.diameter == 10.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == None
+
+    c.to_metric()
+    assert c.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert c.diameter == 254.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == None
+
+    # no effect
+    c.to_metric()
+    assert c.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert c.diameter == 254.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == None
+
+    c = Circle((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 5.0, units="inch")
+    # No effect
+    c.to_inch()
+    assert c.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert c.diameter == 10.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == 5.0
+
+    c.to_metric()
+    assert c.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert c.diameter == 254.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == 127.0
+
+    # no effect
+    c.to_metric()
+    assert c.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert c.diameter == 254.0
+    assert c.hole_diameter == 127.0
+
+
+def test_circle_offset():
+    c = Circle((0, 0), 1)
+    c.offset(1, 0)
+    assert c.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    c.offset(0, 1)
+    assert c.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_ellipse_ctor():
+    """ Test ellipse creation
+    """
+    e = Ellipse((2, 2), 3, 2)
+    assert e.position == (2, 2)
+    assert e.width == 3
+    assert e.height == 2
+
+
+def test_ellipse_bounds():
+    """ Test ellipse bounding box calculation
+    """
+    e = Ellipse((2, 2), 4, 2)
+    assert e.bounding_box == ((0, 4), (1, 3))
+    e = Ellipse((2, 2), 4, 2, rotation=90)
+    assert e.bounding_box == ((1, 3), (0, 4))
+    e = Ellipse((2, 2), 4, 2, rotation=180)
+    assert e.bounding_box == ((0, 4), (1, 3))
+    e = Ellipse((2, 2), 4, 2, rotation=270)
+    assert e.bounding_box == ((1, 3), (0, 4))
+
+
+def test_ellipse_conversion():
+    e = Ellipse((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    e.to_metric()
+    assert e.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert e.width == 254.0
+    assert e.height == 2540.0
+
+    e.to_inch()
+    assert e.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert e.width == 10.0
+    assert e.height == 100.0
+
+    # No effect
+    e.to_inch()
+    assert e.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert e.width == 10.0
+    assert e.height == 100.0
+
+    e = Ellipse((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, units="inch")
+
+    # no effect
+    e.to_inch()
+    assert e.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert e.width == 10.0
+    assert e.height == 100.0
+
+    e.to_metric()
+    assert e.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert e.width == 254.0
+    assert e.height == 2540.0
+
+    # No effect
+    e.to_metric()
+    assert e.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert e.width == 254.0
+    assert e.height == 2540.0
+
+
+def test_ellipse_offset():
+    e = Ellipse((0, 0), 1, 2)
+    e.offset(1, 0)
+    assert e.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    e.offset(0, 1)
+    assert e.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_rectangle_ctor():
+    """ Test rectangle creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 1, 1), ((0, 0), 1, 2), ((1, 1), 1, 2))
+    for pos, width, height in test_cases:
+        r = Rectangle(pos, width, height)
+        assert r.position == pos
+        assert r.width == width
+        assert r.height == height
+
+
+def test_rectangle_hole_radius():
+    """ Test rectangle hole diameter calculation
+    """
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2, 2)
+    assert 0 == r.hole_radius
+
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2, 2, 1)
+    assert 0.5 == r.hole_radius
+
+
+def test_rectangle_bounds():
+    """ Test rectangle bounding box calculation
+    """
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2, 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2, 2, rotation=45)
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2)))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2)))
+
+
+def test_rectangle_vertices():
+    sqrt2 = math.sqrt(2.0)
+    TEST_VECTORS = [
+        ((0, 0), 2.0, 2.0, 0.0, ((-1.0, -1.0), (-1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, -1.0))),
+        ((0, 0), 2.0, 3.0, 0.0, ((-1.0, -1.5), (-1.0, 1.5), (1.0, 1.5), (1.0, -1.5))),
+        ((0, 0), 2.0, 2.0, 90.0, ((-1.0, -1.0), (-1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, -1.0))),
+        ((0, 0), 3.0, 2.0, 90.0, ((-1.0, -1.5), (-1.0, 1.5), (1.0, 1.5), (1.0, -1.5))),
+        (
+            (0, 0),
+            2.0,
+            2.0,
+            45.0,
+            ((-sqrt2, 0.0), (0.0, sqrt2), (sqrt2, 0), (0, -sqrt2)),
+        ),
+    ]
+    for pos, width, height, rotation, expected in TEST_VECTORS:
+        r = Rectangle(pos, width, height, rotation=rotation)
+        for test, expect in zip(sorted(r.vertices), sorted(expected)):
+            pytest.approx(test, expect)
+
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2.0, 2.0, rotation=0.0)
+    r.rotation = 45.0
+    for test, expect in zip(
+        sorted(r.vertices),
+        sorted(((-sqrt2, 0.0), (0.0, sqrt2), (sqrt2, 0), (0, -sqrt2))),
+    ):
+        pytest.approx(test, expect)
+
+
+def test_rectangle_segments():
+
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 2.0, 2.0)
+    expected = [vtx for segment in r.segments for vtx in segment]
+    for vertex in r.vertices:
+        assert vertex in expected
+
+
+def test_rectangle_conversion():
+    """Test converting rectangles between units"""
+
+    # Initially metric no hole
+    r = Rectangle((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, units="metric")
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+
+    # Initially metric with hole
+    r = Rectangle((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, 127.0, units="metric")
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.hole_diameter == 127.0
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.hole_diameter == 5.0
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.hole_diameter == 5.0
+
+    # Initially inch, no hole
+    r = Rectangle((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, units="inch")
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+
+    # Initially inch with hole
+    r = Rectangle((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, 5.0, units="inch")
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.hole_diameter == 5.0
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.hole_diameter == 127.0
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.hole_diameter == 127.0
+
+
+def test_rectangle_offset():
+    r = Rectangle((0, 0), 1, 2)
+    r.offset(1, 0)
+    assert r.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    r.offset(0, 1)
+    assert r.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_diamond_ctor():
+    """ Test diamond creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 1, 1), ((0, 0), 1, 2), ((1, 1), 1, 2))
+    for pos, width, height in test_cases:
+        d = Diamond(pos, width, height)
+        assert d.position == pos
+        assert d.width == width
+        assert d.height == height
+
+
+def test_diamond_bounds():
+    """ Test diamond bounding box calculation
+    """
+    d = Diamond((0, 0), 2, 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = d.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+    d = Diamond((0, 0), math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2), rotation=45)
+    xbounds, ybounds = d.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+
+
+def test_diamond_conversion():
+    d = Diamond((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, units="metric")
+
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.width == 254.0
+    assert d.height == 2540.0
+
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.width == 10.0
+    assert d.height == 100.0
+
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.width == 10.0
+    assert d.height == 100.0
+
+    d = Diamond((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, units="inch")
+
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.width == 10.0
+    assert d.height == 100.0
+
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.width == 254.0
+    assert d.height == 2540.0
+
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.width == 254.0
+    assert d.height == 2540.0
+
+
+def test_diamond_offset():
+    d = Diamond((0, 0), 1, 2)
+    d.offset(1, 0)
+    assert d.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    d.offset(0, 1)
+    assert d.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_chamfer_rectangle_ctor():
+    """ Test chamfer rectangle creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (
+        ((0, 0), 1, 1, 0.2, (True, True, False, False)),
+        ((0, 0), 1, 2, 0.3, (True, True, True, True)),
+        ((1, 1), 1, 2, 0.4, (False, False, False, False)),
+    )
+    for pos, width, height, chamfer, corners in test_cases:
+        r = ChamferRectangle(pos, width, height, chamfer, corners)
+        assert r.position == pos
+        assert r.width == width
+        assert r.height == height
+        assert r.chamfer == chamfer
+        pytest.approx(r.corners, corners)
+
+
+def test_chamfer_rectangle_bounds():
+    """ Test chamfer rectangle bounding box calculation
+    """
+    r = ChamferRectangle((0, 0), 2, 2, 0.2, (True, True, False, False))
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+    r = ChamferRectangle((0, 0), 2, 2, 0.2, (True, True, False, False), rotation=45)
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2)))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2)))
+
+
+def test_chamfer_rectangle_conversion():
+    r = ChamferRectangle(
+        (2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, 0.254, (True, True, False, False), units="metric"
+    )
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.chamfer == 0.254
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.chamfer == 0.01
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.chamfer == 0.01
+
+    r = ChamferRectangle(
+        (0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, 0.01, (True, True, False, False), units="inch"
+    )
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.chamfer == 0.01
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.chamfer == 0.254
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.chamfer == 0.254
+
+
+def test_chamfer_rectangle_offset():
+    r = ChamferRectangle((0, 0), 1, 2, 0.01, (True, True, False, False))
+    r.offset(1, 0)
+    assert r.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    r.offset(0, 1)
+    assert r.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_chamfer_rectangle_vertices():
+    TEST_VECTORS = [
+        (
+            1.0,
+            (True, True, True, True),
+            (
+                (-2.5, -1.5),
+                (-2.5, 1.5),
+                (-1.5, 2.5),
+                (1.5, 2.5),
+                (2.5, 1.5),
+                (2.5, -1.5),
+                (1.5, -2.5),
+                (-1.5, -2.5),
+            ),
+        ),
+        (
+            1.0,
+            (True, False, False, False),
+            ((-2.5, -2.5), (-2.5, 2.5), (1.5, 2.5), (2.5, 1.5), (2.5, -2.5)),
+        ),
+        (
+            1.0,
+            (False, True, False, False),
+            ((-2.5, -2.5), (-2.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 2.5), (2.5, 2.5), (2.5, -2.5)),
+        ),
+        (
+            1.0,
+            (False, False, True, False),
+            ((-2.5, -1.5), (-2.5, 2.5), (2.5, 2.5), (2.5, -2.5), (-1.5, -2.5)),
+        ),
+        (
+            1.0,
+            (False, False, False, True),
+            ((-2.5, -2.5), (-2.5, 2.5), (2.5, 2.5), (2.5, -1.5), (1.5, -2.5)),
+        ),
+    ]
+    for chamfer, corners, expected in TEST_VECTORS:
+        r = ChamferRectangle((0, 0), 5, 5, chamfer, corners)
+        assert set(r.vertices) == set(expected)
+
+
+def test_round_rectangle_ctor():
+    """ Test round rectangle creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (
+        ((0, 0), 1, 1, 0.2, (True, True, False, False)),
+        ((0, 0), 1, 2, 0.3, (True, True, True, True)),
+        ((1, 1), 1, 2, 0.4, (False, False, False, False)),
+    )
+    for pos, width, height, radius, corners in test_cases:
+        r = RoundRectangle(pos, width, height, radius, corners)
+        assert r.position == pos
+        assert r.width == width
+        assert r.height == height
+        assert r.radius == radius
+        pytest.approx(r.corners, corners)
+
+
+def test_round_rectangle_bounds():
+    """ Test round rectangle bounding box calculation
+    """
+    r = RoundRectangle((0, 0), 2, 2, 0.2, (True, True, False, False))
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+    r = RoundRectangle((0, 0), 2, 2, 0.2, (True, True, False, False), rotation=45)
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2)))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-math.sqrt(2), math.sqrt(2)))
+
+
+def test_round_rectangle_conversion():
+    r = RoundRectangle(
+        (2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, 0.254, (True, True, False, False), units="metric"
+    )
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.radius == 0.254
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.radius == 0.01
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.radius == 0.01
+
+    r = RoundRectangle(
+        (0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, 0.01, (True, True, False, False), units="inch"
+    )
+
+    r.to_inch()
+    assert r.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert r.width == 10.0
+    assert r.height == 100.0
+    assert r.radius == 0.01
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.radius == 0.254
+
+    r.to_metric()
+    assert r.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert r.width == 254.0
+    assert r.height == 2540.0
+    assert r.radius == 0.254
+
+
+def test_round_rectangle_offset():
+    r = RoundRectangle((0, 0), 1, 2, 0.01, (True, True, False, False))
+    r.offset(1, 0)
+    assert r.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    r.offset(0, 1)
+    assert r.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_obround_ctor():
+    """ Test obround creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 1, 1), ((0, 0), 1, 2), ((1, 1), 1, 2))
+    for pos, width, height in test_cases:
+        o = Obround(pos, width, height)
+        assert o.position == pos
+        assert o.width == width
+        assert o.height == height
+
+
+def test_obround_bounds():
+    """ Test obround bounding box calculation
+    """
+    o = Obround((2, 2), 2, 4)
+    xbounds, ybounds = o.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (1, 3))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (0, 4))
+    o = Obround((2, 2), 4, 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = o.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (0, 4))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (1, 3))
+
+
+def test_obround_orientation():
+    o = Obround((0, 0), 2, 1)
+    assert o.orientation == "horizontal"
+    o = Obround((0, 0), 1, 2)
+    assert o.orientation == "vertical"
+
+
+def test_obround_subshapes():
+    o = Obround((0, 0), 1, 4)
+    ss = o.subshapes
+    pytest.approx(ss["rectangle"].position, (0, 0))
+    pytest.approx(ss["circle1"].position, (0, 1.5))
+    pytest.approx(ss["circle2"].position, (0, -1.5))
+    o = Obround((0, 0), 4, 1)
+    ss = o.subshapes
+    pytest.approx(ss["rectangle"].position, (0, 0))
+    pytest.approx(ss["circle1"].position, (1.5, 0))
+    pytest.approx(ss["circle2"].position, (-1.5, 0))
+
+
+def test_obround_conversion():
+    o = Obround((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, 2540.0, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    o.to_metric()
+    assert o.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert o.width == 254.0
+    assert o.height == 2540.0
+
+    o.to_inch()
+    assert o.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert o.width == 10.0
+    assert o.height == 100.0
+
+    # No effect
+    o.to_inch()
+    assert o.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert o.width == 10.0
+    assert o.height == 100.0
+
+    o = Obround((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, 100.0, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    o.to_inch()
+    assert o.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert o.width == 10.0
+    assert o.height == 100.0
+
+    o.to_metric()
+    assert o.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert o.width == 254.0
+    assert o.height == 2540.0
+
+    # No effect
+    o.to_metric()
+    assert o.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert o.width == 254.0
+    assert o.height == 2540.0
+
+
+def test_obround_offset():
+    o = Obround((0, 0), 1, 2)
+    o.offset(1, 0)
+    assert o.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    o.offset(0, 1)
+    assert o.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_polygon_ctor():
+    """ Test polygon creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 3, 5, 0), ((0, 0), 5, 6, 0), ((1, 1), 7, 7, 45))
+    for pos, sides, radius, hole_diameter in test_cases:
+        p = Polygon(pos, sides, radius, hole_diameter)
+        assert p.position == pos
+        assert p.sides == sides
+        assert p.radius == radius
+        assert p.hole_diameter == hole_diameter
+
+
+def test_polygon_bounds():
+    """ Test polygon bounding box calculation
+    """
+    p = Polygon((2, 2), 3, 2, 0)
+    xbounds, ybounds = p.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (0, 4))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (0, 4))
+    p = Polygon((2, 2), 3, 4, 0)
+    xbounds, ybounds = p.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-2, 6))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-2, 6))
+
+
+def test_polygon_conversion():
+    p = Polygon((2.54, 25.4), 3, 254.0, 0, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    p.to_metric()
+    assert p.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert p.radius == 254.0
+
+    p.to_inch()
+    assert p.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert p.radius == 10.0
+
+    # No effect
+    p.to_inch()
+    assert p.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert p.radius == 10.0
+
+    p = Polygon((0.1, 1.0), 3, 10.0, 0, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    p.to_inch()
+    assert p.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert p.radius == 10.0
+
+    p.to_metric()
+    assert p.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert p.radius == 254.0
+
+    # No effect
+    p.to_metric()
+    assert p.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert p.radius == 254.0
+
+
+def test_polygon_offset():
+    p = Polygon((0, 0), 5, 10, 0)
+    p.offset(1, 0)
+    assert p.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    p.offset(0, 1)
+    assert p.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_region_ctor():
+    """ Test Region creation
+    """
+    apt = Circle((0, 0), 0)
+    lines = (
+        Line((0, 0), (1, 0), apt),
+        Line((1, 0), (1, 1), apt),
+        Line((1, 1), (0, 1), apt),
+        Line((0, 1), (0, 0), apt),
+    )
+    points = ((0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1))
+    r = Region(lines)
+    for i, p in enumerate(lines):
+        assert r.primitives[i] == p
+
+
+def test_region_bounds():
+    """ Test region bounding box calculation
+    """
+    apt = Circle((0, 0), 0)
+    lines = (
+        Line((0, 0), (1, 0), apt),
+        Line((1, 0), (1, 1), apt),
+        Line((1, 1), (0, 1), apt),
+        Line((0, 1), (0, 0), apt),
+    )
+    r = Region(lines)
+    xbounds, ybounds = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (0, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (0, 1))
+
+
+def test_region_offset():
+    apt = Circle((0, 0), 0)
+    lines = (
+        Line((0, 0), (1, 0), apt),
+        Line((1, 0), (1, 1), apt),
+        Line((1, 1), (0, 1), apt),
+        Line((0, 1), (0, 0), apt),
+    )
+    r = Region(lines)
+    xlim, ylim = r.bounding_box
+    r.offset(0, 1)
+    new_xlim, new_ylim = r.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(new_xlim, xlim)
+    pytest.approx(new_ylim, tuple([y + 1 for y in ylim]))
+
+
+def test_round_butterfly_ctor():
+    """ Test round butterfly creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 3), ((0, 0), 5), ((1, 1), 7))
+    for pos, diameter in test_cases:
+        b = RoundButterfly(pos, diameter)
+        assert b.position == pos
+        assert b.diameter == diameter
+        assert b.radius == diameter / 2.0
+
+
+def test_round_butterfly_ctor_validation():
+    """ Test RoundButterfly argument validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, RoundButterfly, 3, 5)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, RoundButterfly, (3, 4, 5), 5)
+
+
+def test_round_butterfly_conversion():
+    b = RoundButterfly((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, units="metric")
+
+    # No Effect
+    b.to_metric()
+    assert b.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert b.diameter == (254.0)
+
+    b.to_inch()
+    assert b.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert b.diameter == 10.0
+
+    # No effect
+    b.to_inch()
+    assert b.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert b.diameter == 10.0
+
+    b = RoundButterfly((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    b.to_inch()
+    assert b.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert b.diameter == 10.0
+
+    b.to_metric()
+    assert b.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert b.diameter == (254.0)
+
+    # No Effect
+    b.to_metric()
+    assert b.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert b.diameter == (254.0)
+
+
+def test_round_butterfly_offset():
+    b = RoundButterfly((0, 0), 1)
+    b.offset(1, 0)
+    assert b.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    b.offset(0, 1)
+    assert b.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_round_butterfly_bounds():
+    """ Test RoundButterfly bounding box calculation
+    """
+    b = RoundButterfly((0, 0), 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = b.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+
+
+def test_square_butterfly_ctor():
+    """ Test SquareButterfly creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 3), ((0, 0), 5), ((1, 1), 7))
+    for pos, side in test_cases:
+        b = SquareButterfly(pos, side)
+        assert b.position == pos
+        assert b.side == side
+
+
+def test_square_butterfly_ctor_validation():
+    """ Test SquareButterfly argument validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, SquareButterfly, 3, 5)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, SquareButterfly, (3, 4, 5), 5)
+
+
+def test_square_butterfly_bounds():
+    """ Test SquareButterfly bounding box calculation
+    """
+    b = SquareButterfly((0, 0), 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = b.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+
+
+def test_squarebutterfly_conversion():
+    b = SquareButterfly((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    b.to_metric()
+    assert b.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert b.side == (254.0)
+
+    b.to_inch()
+    assert b.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert b.side == 10.0
+
+    # No effect
+    b.to_inch()
+    assert b.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert b.side == 10.0
+
+    b = SquareButterfly((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    b.to_inch()
+    assert b.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert b.side == 10.0
+
+    b.to_metric()
+    assert b.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert b.side == (254.0)
+
+    # No effect
+    b.to_metric()
+    assert b.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert b.side == (254.0)
+
+
+def test_square_butterfly_offset():
+    b = SquareButterfly((0, 0), 1)
+    b.offset(1, 0)
+    assert b.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    b.offset(0, 1)
+    assert b.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_donut_ctor():
+    """ Test Donut primitive creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (
+        ((0, 0), "round", 3, 5),
+        ((0, 0), "square", 5, 7),
+        ((1, 1), "hexagon", 7, 9),
+        ((2, 2), "octagon", 9, 11),
+    )
+    for pos, shape, in_d, out_d in test_cases:
+        d = Donut(pos, shape, in_d, out_d)
+        assert d.position == pos
+        assert d.shape == shape
+        assert d.inner_diameter == in_d
+        assert d.outer_diameter == out_d
+
+
+def test_donut_ctor_validation():
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, Donut, 3, "round", 5, 7)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, Donut, (3, 4, 5), "round", 5, 7)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, Donut, (0, 0), "triangle", 3, 5)
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, Donut, (0, 0), "round", 5, 3)
+
+
+def test_donut_bounds():
+    d = Donut((0, 0), "round", 0.0, 2.0)
+    xbounds, ybounds = d.bounding_box
+    assert xbounds == (-1.0, 1.0)
+    assert ybounds == (-1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_donut_conversion():
+    d = Donut((2.54, 25.4), "round", 254.0, 2540.0, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.inner_diameter == 254.0
+    assert d.outer_diameter == 2540.0
+
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.inner_diameter == 10.0
+    assert d.outer_diameter == 100.0
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.inner_diameter == 10.0
+    assert d.outer_diameter == 100.0
+
+    d = Donut((0.1, 1.0), "round", 10.0, 100.0, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.inner_diameter == 10.0
+    assert d.outer_diameter == 100.0
+
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.inner_diameter == 254.0
+    assert d.outer_diameter == 2540.0
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.inner_diameter == 254.0
+    assert d.outer_diameter == 2540.0
+
+
+def test_donut_offset():
+    d = Donut((0, 0), "round", 1, 10)
+    d.offset(1, 0)
+    assert d.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    d.offset(0, 1)
+    assert d.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_drill_ctor():
+    """ Test drill primitive creation
+    """
+    test_cases = (((0, 0), 2), ((1, 1), 3), ((2, 2), 5))
+    for position, diameter in test_cases:
+        d = Drill(position, diameter)
+        assert d.position == position
+        assert d.diameter == diameter
+        assert d.radius == diameter / 2.0
+
+
+def test_drill_ctor_validation():
+    """ Test drill argument validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, Drill, 3, 5)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, Drill, (3, 4, 5), 5)
+
+
+def test_drill_bounds():
+    d = Drill((0, 0), 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = d.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (-1, 1))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (-1, 1))
+    d = Drill((1, 2), 2)
+    xbounds, ybounds = d.bounding_box
+    pytest.approx(xbounds, (0, 2))
+    pytest.approx(ybounds, (1, 3))
+
+
+def test_drill_conversion():
+    d = Drill((2.54, 25.4), 254.0, units="metric")
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.diameter == 254.0
+
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.diameter == 10.0
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.diameter == 10.0
+
+    d = Drill((0.1, 1.0), 10.0, units="inch")
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_inch()
+    assert d.position == (0.1, 1.0)
+    assert d.diameter == 10.0
+
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.diameter == 254.0
+
+    # No effect
+    d.to_metric()
+    assert d.position == (2.54, 25.4)
+    assert d.diameter == 254.0
+
+
+def test_drill_offset():
+    d = Drill((0, 0), 1.0)
+    d.offset(1, 0)
+    assert d.position == (1.0, 0.0)
+    d.offset(0, 1)
+    assert d.position == (1.0, 1.0)
+
+
+def test_drill_equality():
+    d = Drill((2.54, 25.4), 254.0)
+    d1 = Drill((2.54, 25.4), 254.0)
+    assert d == d1
+    d1 = Drill((2.54, 25.4), 254.2)
+    assert d != d1
+
+
+def test_slot_bounds():
+    """ Test Slot primitive bounding box calculation
+    """
+    cases = [
+        ((0, 0), (1, 1), ((-1, 2), (-1, 2))),
+        ((-1, -1), (1, 1), ((-2, 2), (-2, 2))),
+        ((1, 1), (-1, -1), ((-2, 2), (-2, 2))),
+        ((-1, 1), (1, -1), ((-2, 2), (-2, 2))),
+    ]
+
+    for start, end, expected in cases:
+        s = Slot(start, end, 2.0)
+        assert s.bounding_box == expected
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_rs274x.py b/gerber/tests/test_rs274x.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7baf11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_rs274x.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+import os
+import pytest
+
+from ..rs274x import read, GerberFile
+
+
+TOP_COPPER_FILE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/top_copper.GTL")
+
+MULTILINE_READ_FILE = os.path.join(
+    os.path.dirname(__file__), "resources/multiline_read.ger"
+)
+
+
+def test_read():
+    top_copper = read(TOP_COPPER_FILE)
+    assert isinstance(top_copper, GerberFile)
+
+
+def test_multiline_read():
+    multiline = read(MULTILINE_READ_FILE)
+    assert isinstance(multiline, GerberFile)
+    assert 10 == len(multiline.statements)
+
+
+def test_comments_parameter():
+    top_copper = read(TOP_COPPER_FILE)
+    assert top_copper.comments[0] == "This is a comment,:"
+
+
+def test_size_parameter():
+    top_copper = read(TOP_COPPER_FILE)
+    size = top_copper.size
+    pytest.approx(size[0], 2.256900, 6)
+    pytest.approx(size[1], 1.500000, 6)
+
+
+def test_conversion():
+    top_copper = read(TOP_COPPER_FILE)
+    assert top_copper.units == "inch"
+    top_copper_inch = read(TOP_COPPER_FILE)
+    top_copper.to_metric()
+    for statement in top_copper_inch.statements:
+        statement.to_metric()
+    for primitive in top_copper_inch.primitives:
+        primitive.to_metric()
+    assert top_copper.units == "metric"
+    for i, m in zip(top_copper.statements, top_copper_inch.statements):
+        assert i == m
+
+    for i, m in zip(top_copper.primitives, top_copper_inch.primitives):
+        assert i == m
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_rs274x_backend.py b/gerber/tests/test_rs274x_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13347c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_rs274x_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Garret Fick <garret@ficksworkshop.com>
+
+import os
+
+from ..render.rs274x_backend import Rs274xContext
+from ..rs274x import read
+
+
+def test_render_two_boxes():
+    """Umaco exapmle of two boxes"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_two_square_boxes.gbr", "golden/example_two_square_boxes.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_single_quadrant():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a single quadrant arc"""
+
+    # TODO there is probably a bug here
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_quadrant.gbr", "golden/example_single_quadrant.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_simple_contour():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a simple arrow-shaped contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_simple_contour.gbr", "golden/example_simple_contour.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_single_contour_1():
+    """Umaco example of a single contour
+
+    The resulting image for this test is used by other tests because they must generate the same output."""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_contour_1.gbr", "golden/example_single_contour.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_single_contour_2():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a single contour, alternate contour end order
+
+    The resulting image for this test is used by other tests because they must generate the same output."""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_contour_2.gbr", "golden/example_single_contour.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_single_contour_3():
+    """Umaco exapmle of a single contour with extra line"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_single_contour_3.gbr", "golden/example_single_contour_3.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_not_overlapping_contour():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_not_overlapping_contour.gbr",
+        "golden/example_not_overlapping_contour.gbr",
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_not_overlapping_touching():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_not_overlapping_touching.gbr",
+        "golden/example_not_overlapping_touching.gbr",
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_overlapping_touching():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_overlapping_touching.gbr",
+        "golden/example_overlapping_touching.gbr",
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_overlapping_contour():
+    """Umaco example of D02 staring a second contour"""
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_overlapping_contour.gbr",
+        "golden/example_overlapping_contour.gbr",
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_level_holes():
+    """Umaco example of using multiple levels to create multiple holes"""
+
+    # TODO This is clearly rendering wrong. I'm temporarily checking this in because there are more
+    # rendering fixes in the related repository that may resolve these.
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_level_holes.gbr", "golden/example_overlapping_contour.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _DISABLED_test_render_cutin():
+    """Umaco example of using a cutin"""
+
+    # TODO This is clearly rendering wrong.
+    _test_render("resources/example_cutin.gbr", "golden/example_cutin.gbr")
+
+
+def _test_render_fully_coincident():
+    """Umaco example of coincident lines rendering two contours"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_fully_coincident.gbr", "golden/example_fully_coincident.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_coincident_hole():
+    """Umaco example of coincident lines rendering a hole in the contour"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_coincident_hole.gbr", "golden/example_coincident_hole.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_cutin_multiple():
+    """Umaco example of a region with multiple cutins"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_cutin_multiple.gbr", "golden/example_cutin_multiple.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_flash_circle():
+    """Umaco example a simple circular flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_circle.gbr", "golden/example_flash_circle.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_flash_rectangle():
+    """Umaco example a simple rectangular flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_rectangle.gbr", "golden/example_flash_rectangle.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_flash_obround():
+    """Umaco example a simple obround flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_obround.gbr", "golden/example_flash_obround.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_flash_polygon():
+    """Umaco example a simple polygon flash with and without a hole"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_flash_polygon.gbr", "golden/example_flash_polygon.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_holes_dont_clear():
+    """Umaco example that an aperture with a hole does not clear the area"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_holes_dont_clear.gbr", "golden/example_holes_dont_clear.gbr"
+    )
+
+
+def _test_render_am_exposure_modifier():
+    """Umaco example that an aperture macro with a hole does not clear the area"""
+
+    _test_render(
+        "resources/example_am_exposure_modifier.gbr",
+        "golden/example_am_exposure_modifier.gbr",
+    )
+
+
+def _resolve_path(path):
+    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), path)
+
+
+def _test_render(gerber_path, png_expected_path, create_output_path=None):
+    """Render the gerber file and compare to the expected PNG output.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    gerber_path : string
+        Path to Gerber file to open
+    png_expected_path : string
+        Path to the PNG file to compare to
+    create_output : string|None
+        If not None, write the generated PNG to the specified path.
+        This is primarily to help with
+    """
+
+    gerber_path = _resolve_path(gerber_path)
+    png_expected_path = _resolve_path(png_expected_path)
+    if create_output_path:
+        create_output_path = _resolve_path(create_output_path)
+
+    gerber = read(gerber_path)
+
+    # Create GBR output from the input file
+    ctx = Rs274xContext(gerber.settings)
+    gerber.render(ctx)
+
+    actual_contents = ctx.dump()
+
+    # If we want to write the file bytes, do it now. This happens
+    if create_output_path:
+        with open(create_output_path, "wb") as out_file:
+            out_file.write(actual_contents.getvalue())
+        # Creating the output is dangerous - it could overwrite the expected result.
+        # So if we are creating the output, we make the test fail on purpose so you
+        # won't forget to disable this
+        assert not True, (
+            "Test created the output %s. This needs to be disabled to make sure the test behaves correctly"
+            % (create_output_path,)
+        )
+
+    # Read the expected PNG file
+
+    with open(png_expected_path, "r") as expected_file:
+        expected_contents = expected_file.read()
+
+    assert expected_contents == actual_contents.getvalue()
+
+    return gerber
diff --git a/gerber/tests/test_utils.py b/gerber/tests/test_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68484d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Author: Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+import pytest
+from ..utils import *
+
+
+def test_zero_suppression():
+    """ Test gerber value parser and writer handle zero suppression correctly.
+    """
+    # Default format
+    fmt = (2, 5)
+
+    # Test leading zero suppression
+    zero_suppression = "leading"
+    test_cases = [
+        ("1", 0.00001),
+        ("10", 0.0001),
+        ("100", 0.001),
+        ("1000", 0.01),
+        ("10000", 0.1),
+        ("100000", 1.0),
+        ("1000000", 10.0),
+        ("-1", -0.00001),
+        ("-10", -0.0001),
+        ("-100", -0.001),
+        ("-1000", -0.01),
+        ("-10000", -0.1),
+        ("-100000", -1.0),
+        ("-1000000", -10.0),
+        ("0", 0.0),
+    ]
+    for string, value in test_cases:
+        assert value == parse_gerber_value(string, fmt, zero_suppression)
+        assert string == write_gerber_value(value, fmt, zero_suppression)
+
+    # Test trailing zero suppression
+    zero_suppression = "trailing"
+    test_cases = [
+        ("1", 10.0),
+        ("01", 1.0),
+        ("001", 0.1),
+        ("0001", 0.01),
+        ("00001", 0.001),
+        ("000001", 0.0001),
+        ("0000001", 0.00001),
+        ("-1", -10.0),
+        ("-01", -1.0),
+        ("-001", -0.1),
+        ("-0001", -0.01),
+        ("-00001", -0.001),
+        ("-000001", -0.0001),
+        ("-0000001", -0.00001),
+        ("0", 0.0),
+    ]
+    for string, value in test_cases:
+        assert value == parse_gerber_value(string, fmt, zero_suppression)
+        assert string == write_gerber_value(value, fmt, zero_suppression)
+
+    assert write_gerber_value(0.000000001, fmt, "leading") == "0"
+    assert write_gerber_value(0.000000001, fmt, "trailing") == "0"
+
+
+def test_format():
+    """ Test gerber value parser and writer handle format correctly
+    """
+    zero_suppression = "leading"
+    test_cases = [
+        ((2, 7), "1", 0.0000001),
+        ((2, 6), "1", 0.000001),
+        ((2, 5), "1", 0.00001),
+        ((2, 4), "1", 0.0001),
+        ((2, 3), "1", 0.001),
+        ((2, 2), "1", 0.01),
+        ((2, 1), "1", 0.1),
+        ((2, 7), "-1", -0.0000001),
+        ((2, 6), "-1", -0.000001),
+        ((2, 5), "-1", -0.00001),
+        ((2, 4), "-1", -0.0001),
+        ((2, 3), "-1", -0.001),
+        ((2, 2), "-1", -0.01),
+        ((2, 1), "-1", -0.1),
+        ((2, 6), "0", 0),
+    ]
+    for fmt, string, value in test_cases:
+        assert value == parse_gerber_value(string, fmt, zero_suppression)
+        assert string == write_gerber_value(value, fmt, zero_suppression)
+
+    zero_suppression = "trailing"
+    test_cases = [
+        ((6, 5), "1", 100000.0),
+        ((5, 5), "1", 10000.0),
+        ((4, 5), "1", 1000.0),
+        ((3, 5), "1", 100.0),
+        ((2, 5), "1", 10.0),
+        ((1, 5), "1", 1.0),
+        ((6, 5), "-1", -100000.0),
+        ((5, 5), "-1", -10000.0),
+        ((4, 5), "-1", -1000.0),
+        ((3, 5), "-1", -100.0),
+        ((2, 5), "-1", -10.0),
+        ((1, 5), "-1", -1.0),
+        ((2, 5), "0", 0),
+    ]
+    for fmt, string, value in test_cases:
+        assert value == parse_gerber_value(string, fmt, zero_suppression)
+        assert string == write_gerber_value(value, fmt, zero_suppression)
+
+
+def test_decimal_truncation():
+    """ Test decimal_string truncates value to the correct precision
+    """
+    value = 1.123456789
+    for x in range(10):
+        result = decimal_string(value, precision=x)
+        calculated = "1." + "".join(str(y) for y in range(1, x + 1))
+        assert result == calculated
+
+
+def test_decimal_padding():
+    """ Test decimal_string padding
+    """
+    value = 1.123
+    assert decimal_string(value, precision=3, padding=True) == "1.123"
+    assert decimal_string(value, precision=4, padding=True) == "1.1230"
+    assert decimal_string(value, precision=5, padding=True) == "1.12300"
+    assert decimal_string(value, precision=6, padding=True) == "1.123000"
+    assert decimal_string(0, precision=6, padding=True) == "0.000000"
+
+
+def test_parse_format_validation():
+    """ Test parse_gerber_value() format validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, parse_gerber_value, "00001111", (7, 5))
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, parse_gerber_value, "00001111", (5, 8))
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, parse_gerber_value, "00001111", (13, 1))
+
+
+def test_write_format_validation():
+    """ Test write_gerber_value() format validation
+    """
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, write_gerber_value, 69.0, (7, 5))
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, write_gerber_value, 69.0, (5, 8))
+    pytest.raises(ValueError, write_gerber_value, 69.0, (13, 1))
+
+
+def test_detect_format_with_short_file():
+    """ Verify file format detection works with short files
+    """
+    assert "unknown" == detect_file_format("gerber/tests/__init__.py")
+
+
+def test_validate_coordinates():
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, validate_coordinates, 3)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, validate_coordinates, 3.1)
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, validate_coordinates, "14")
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, validate_coordinates, (0,))
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, validate_coordinates, (0, 1, 2))
+    pytest.raises(TypeError, validate_coordinates, (0, "string"))
+
+
+def test_convex_hull():
+    points = [(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0.5, 0.5), (0, 1), (0, 0)]
+    expected = [(0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1), (0, 0)]
+    assert set(convex_hull(points)) == set(expected)
diff --git a/gerber/utils.py b/gerber/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d39df9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gerber/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Copyright 2014 Hamilton Kibbe <ham@hamiltonkib.be>
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""
+gerber.utils
+============
+**Gerber and Excellon file handling utilities**
+
+This module provides utility functions for working with Gerber and Excellon
+files.
+"""
+
+import os
+from math import radians, sin, cos, sqrt, atan2, pi
+
+MILLIMETERS_PER_INCH = 25.4
+
+
+def parse_gerber_value(value, format=(2, 5), zero_suppression='trailing'):
+    """ Convert gerber/excellon formatted string to floating-point number
+
+    .. note::
+        Format and zero suppression are configurable. Note that the Excellon
+        and Gerber formats use opposite terminology with respect to leading
+        and trailing zeros. The Gerber format specifies which zeros are
+        suppressed, while the Excellon format specifies which zeros are
+        included. This function uses the Gerber-file convention, so an
+        Excellon file in LZ (leading zeros) mode would use
+        `zero_suppression='trailing'`
+
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : string
+        A Gerber/Excellon-formatted string representing a numerical value.
+
+    format :  tuple (int,int)
+        Gerber/Excellon precision format expressed as a tuple containing:
+        (number of integer-part digits, number of decimal-part digits)
+
+    zero_suppression : string
+        Zero-suppression mode. May be 'leading', 'trailing' or 'none'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    value : float
+        The specified value as a floating-point number.
+
+    """
+    # Handle excellon edge case with explicit decimal. "That was easy!"
+    if '.' in value:
+        return float(value)
+
+    # Format precision
+    integer_digits, decimal_digits = format
+    MAX_DIGITS = integer_digits + decimal_digits
+
+    # Absolute maximum number of digits supported. This will handle up to
+    # 6:7 format, which is somewhat supported, even though the gerber spec
+    # only allows up to 6:6
+    if MAX_DIGITS > 13 or integer_digits > 6 or decimal_digits > 7:
+        raise ValueError('Parser only supports precision up to 6:7 format')
+
+    # Remove extraneous information
+    value = value.lstrip('+')
+    negative = '-' in value
+    if negative:
+        value = value.lstrip('-')
+
+    missing_digits = MAX_DIGITS - len(value)
+
+    if zero_suppression == 'trailing':
+        digits = list(value + ('0' * missing_digits))
+    elif zero_suppression == 'leading':
+        digits = list(('0' * missing_digits) + value)
+    else:
+        digits = list(value)
+
+    result = float(
+        ''.join(digits[:integer_digits] + ['.'] + digits[integer_digits:]))
+    return -result if negative else result
+
+
+def write_gerber_value(value, format=(2, 5), zero_suppression='trailing'):
+    """ Convert a floating point number to a Gerber/Excellon-formatted string.
+
+    .. note::
+        Format and zero suppression are configurable. Note that the Excellon
+        and Gerber formats use opposite terminology with respect to leading
+        and trailing zeros. The Gerber format specifies which zeros are
+        suppressed, while the Excellon format specifies which zeros are
+        included. This function uses the Gerber-file convention, so an
+        Excellon file in LZ (leading zeros) mode would use
+        `zero_suppression='trailing'`
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : float
+        A floating point value.
+
+    format :  tuple (n=2)
+        Gerber/Excellon precision format expressed as a tuple containing:
+        (number of integer-part digits, number of decimal-part digits)
+
+    zero_suppression : string
+        Zero-suppression mode. May be 'leading', 'trailing' or 'none'
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    value : string
+        The specified value as a Gerber/Excellon-formatted string.
+    """
+    
+    if format[0] == float:
+        return "%f" %value
+    
+    # Format precision
+    integer_digits, decimal_digits = format
+    MAX_DIGITS = integer_digits + decimal_digits
+
+    if MAX_DIGITS > 13 or integer_digits > 6 or decimal_digits > 7:
+        raise ValueError('Parser only supports precision up to 6:7 format')
+
+    # Edge case... (per Gerber spec we should return 0 in all cases, see page
+    # 77)
+    if value == 0:
+        return '0'
+
+    # negative sign affects padding, so deal with it at the end...
+    negative = value < 0.0
+    if negative:
+        value = -1.0 * value
+
+    # Format string for padding out in both directions
+    fmtstring = '%%0%d.0%df' % (MAX_DIGITS + 1, decimal_digits)
+    digits = [val for val in fmtstring % value if val != '.']
+
+    # If all the digits are 0, return '0'.
+    digit_sum = sum([int(digit) for digit in digits])
+    if digit_sum == 0:
+        return '0'
+
+    # Suppression...
+    if zero_suppression == 'trailing':
+        while digits and digits[-1] == '0':
+            digits.pop()
+    elif zero_suppression == 'leading':
+        while digits and digits[0] == '0':
+            digits.pop(0)
+
+    if not digits:
+        return '0'
+
+    return ''.join(digits) if not negative else ''.join(['-'] + digits)
+
+
+def decimal_string(value, precision=6, padding=False):
+    """ Convert float to string with limited precision
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : float
+        A floating point value.
+
+    precision :
+        Maximum number of decimal places to print
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    value : string
+        The specified value as a  string.
+
+    """
+    floatstr = '%0.10g' % value
+    integer = None
+    decimal = None
+    if '.' in floatstr:
+        integer, decimal = floatstr.split('.')
+    elif ',' in floatstr:
+        integer, decimal = floatstr.split(',')
+    else:
+        integer, decimal = floatstr, "0"
+
+    if len(decimal) > precision:
+        decimal = decimal[:precision]
+    elif padding:
+        decimal = decimal + (precision - len(decimal)) * '0'
+
+    if integer or decimal:
+        return ''.join([integer, '.', decimal])
+    else:
+        return int(floatstr)
+
+
+def detect_file_format(data):
+    """ Determine format of a file
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data : string
+        string containing file data.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    format : string
+        File format. 'excellon' or 'rs274x' or 'unknown'
+    """
+    lines = data.split('\n')
+    for line in lines:
+        if 'M48' in line:
+            return 'excellon'
+        elif '%FS' in line:
+            return 'rs274x'
+        elif ((len(line.split()) >= 2) and
+              (line.split()[0] == 'P') and (line.split()[1] == 'JOB')):
+            return 'ipc_d_356'
+    return 'unknown'
+
+
+def validate_coordinates(position):
+    if position is not None:
+        if len(position) != 2:
+            raise TypeError('Position must be a tuple (n=2) of coordinates')
+        else:
+            for coord in position:
+                if not (isinstance(coord, int) or isinstance(coord, float)):
+                    raise TypeError('Coordinates must be integers or floats')
+
+
+def metric(value):
+    """ Convert inch value to millimeters
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : float
+        A value in inches.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    value : float
+        The equivalent value expressed in millimeters.
+    """
+    return value * MILLIMETERS_PER_INCH
+
+
+def inch(value):
+    """ Convert millimeter value to inches
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : float
+        A value in millimeters.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    value : float
+        The equivalent value expressed in inches.
+    """
+    return value / MILLIMETERS_PER_INCH
+
+
+def rotate_point(point, angle, center=(0.0, 0.0)):
+    """ Rotate a point about another point.
+
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    point : tuple(<float>, <float>)
+        Point to rotate about origin or center point
+
+    angle : float
+        Angle to rotate the point [degrees]
+
+    center : tuple(<float>, <float>)
+        Coordinates about which the point is rotated. Defaults to the origin.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    rotated_point : tuple(<float>, <float>)
+        `point` rotated about `center` by `angle` degrees.
+    """
+    angle = radians(angle)
+
+    cos_angle = cos(angle)
+    sin_angle = sin(angle)
+
+    return (
+            cos_angle * (point[0] - center[0]) - sin_angle * (point[1] - center[1]) + center[0],
+            sin_angle * (point[0] - center[0]) + cos_angle * (point[1] - center[1]) + center[1])
+
+def nearly_equal(point1, point2, ndigits = 6):
+    '''Are the points nearly equal'''
+
+    return round(point1[0] - point2[0], ndigits) == 0 and round(point1[1] - point2[1], ndigits) == 0
+
+
+def sq_distance(point1, point2):
+
+    diff1 = point1[0] - point2[0]
+    diff2 = point1[1] - point2[1]
+    return diff1 * diff1 + diff2 * diff2
+
+
+def listdir(directory, ignore_hidden=True, ignore_os=True):
+    """ List files in given directory.
+    Differs from os.listdir() in that hidden and OS-generated files are ignored
+    by default.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    directory : str
+        path to the directory for which to list files.
+
+    ignore_hidden : bool
+        If True, ignore files beginning with a leading '.'
+
+    ignore_os : bool
+        If True, ignore OS-generated files, e.g. Thumbs.db
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    files : list
+        list of files in specified directory
+    """
+    os_files = ('.DS_Store', 'Thumbs.db', 'ethumbs.db')
+    files = os.listdir(directory)
+    if ignore_hidden:
+        files = [f for f in files if not f.startswith('.')]
+    if ignore_os:
+        files = [f for f in files if not f in os_files]
+    return files
+
+def ConvexHull_qh(points):
+    #a hull must be a planar shape with nonzero area, so there must be at least 3 points
+    if(len(points)<3):
+        raise Exception("not a planar shape")
+    #find points with lowest and highest X coordinates
+    minxp=0;
+    maxxp=0;
+    for i in range(len(points)):
+        if(points[i][0]<points[minxp][0]):
+            minxp=i;
+        if(points[i][0]>points[maxxp][0]):
+            maxxp=i;
+    if minxp==maxxp:
+        #all points are collinear
+        raise Exception("not a planar shape")
+    #separate points into those above and those below the minxp-maxxp line
+    lpoints=[]
+    rpoints=[]
+    #to detemine if point X is on the left or right of dividing line A-B, compare slope of A-B to slope of A-X
+    #slope is (By-Ay)/(Bx-Ax)
+    a=points[minxp]
+    b=points[maxxp]
+    slopeab=atan2(b[1]-a[1],b[0]-a[0])
+    for i in range(len(points)):
+        p=points[i]
+        if i == minxp or i == maxxp:
+            continue
+        slopep=atan2(p[1]-a[1],p[0]-a[0])
+        sdiff=slopep-slopeab
+        if(sdiff<pi):sdiff+=2*pi
+        if(sdiff>pi):sdiff-=2*pi
+        if(sdiff>0):
+            lpoints+=[i]
+        if(sdiff<0):
+            rpoints+=[i]
+    hull=[minxp]+_findhull(rpoints, maxxp, minxp, points)+[maxxp]+_findhull(lpoints, minxp, maxxp, points)
+    hullo=_optimize(hull,points)
+    return hullo
+
+def _optimize(hull,points):
+    #find triplets that are collinear and remove middle point
+    toremove=[]
+    newhull=hull[:]
+    l=len(hull)
+    for i in range(l):
+        p1=hull[i]
+        p2=hull[(i+1)%l]
+        p3=hull[(i+2)%l]
+        #(p1.y-p2.y)*(p1.x-p3.x)==(p1.y-p3.y)*(p1.x-p2.x)
+        if (points[p1][1]-points[p2][1])*(points[p1][0]-points[p3][0])==(points[p1][1]-points[p3][1])*(points[p1][0]-points[p2][0]):
+            toremove+=[p2]
+    for i in toremove:
+        newhull.remove(i)
+    return newhull
+
+def _distance(a, b, x):
+    #find the distance between point x and line a-b
+    return abs((b[1]-a[1])*x[0]-(b[0]-a[0])*x[1]+b[0]*a[1]-a[0]*b[1])/sqrt((b[1]-a[1])**2 + (b[0]-a[0])**2 );
+
+def _findhull(idxp, a_i, b_i, points):
+    #if no points in input, return no points in output
+    if(len(idxp)==0):
+        return [];
+    #find point c furthest away from line a-b
+    farpoint=-1
+    fdist=-1.0;
+    for i in idxp:
+        d=_distance(points[a_i], points[b_i], points[i])
+        if(d>fdist):
+            fdist=d;
+            farpoint=i
+    if(fdist<=0):
+        #none of the points have a positive distance from line, bad things have happened
+        return []
+    #separate points into those inside triangle, those outside triangle left of far point, and those outside triangle right of far point
+    a=points[a_i]
+    b=points[b_i]
+    c=points[farpoint]
+    slopeac=atan2(c[1]-a[1],c[0]-a[0])
+    slopecb=atan2(b[1]-c[1],b[0]-c[0])
+    lpoints=[]
+    rpoints=[]
+    for i in idxp:
+        if i==farpoint:
+            #ignore triangle vertex
+            continue
+        x=points[i]
+        #if point x is left of line a-c it's in left set
+        slopeax=atan2(x[1]-a[1],x[0]-a[0])
+        if slopeac==slopeax:
+            continue
+        sdiff=slopeac-slopeax
+        if(sdiff<-pi):sdiff+=2*pi
+        if(sdiff>pi):sdiff-=2*pi
+        if(sdiff<0):
+            lpoints+=[i]
+        else:
+            #if point x is right of line b-c it's in right set, otherwise it's inside triangle and can be ignored
+            slopecx=atan2(x[1]-c[1],x[0]-c[0])
+            if slopecx==slopecb:
+                continue
+            sdiff=slopecx-slopecb
+            if(sdiff<-pi):sdiff+=2*pi
+            if(sdiff>pi):sdiff-=2*pi
+            if(sdiff>0):
+                rpoints+=[i]
+    #the hull segment between points a and b consists of the hull segment between a and c, the point c, and the hull segment between c and b
+    ret=_findhull(rpoints, farpoint, b_i, points)+[farpoint]+_findhull(lpoints, a_i, farpoint, points)
+    return ret
+
+
+def convex_hull(points):
+    vertices = ConvexHull_qh(points)
+    return [points[idx] for idx in vertices]