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diff --git a/posts/telekom-gpon-sfp/index.html b/posts/telekom-gpon-sfp/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index f6ad146..0000000 --- a/posts/telekom-gpon-sfp/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,264 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html> -<html lang="en-us"> - <head> - <meta charset="utf-8"> - <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> - <title>Ubiquiti EdgeRouter on Deutsche Telekom GPON Fiber | blog.jaseg.de</title> - <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css" /> - <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/fonts.css" /> - - <header> - <nav> - <ul> - - - <li class="pull-left "> - <a href="https://blog.jaseg.de/">/home/blog.jaseg.de</a> - </li> - - - - - </ul> - </nav> -</header> - - </head> - - <body> - <br/> - -<div class="article-meta"> -<h1><span class="title">Ubiquiti EdgeRouter on Deutsche Telekom GPON Fiber</span></h1> - -<h2 class="date">2022/02/21</h2> -<p class="terms"> - - - - - -</p> -</div> - - - -<main> -<div class="document"> - - -<div class="section" id="disclaimer"> -<h2>Disclaimer</h2> -<p>I provide this guide as a reference for other knowledgeable users without any warranty. Please feel free to use this as -a resource but do not hold me responsible if this does not work for you. There is a significant chance that due to an -error on my side or due to Telekom changing their setup this guide will not work for you, and you may end up having to -pay for an unsuccessful Telekom technician visit. That is your own risk, and I do not assume any liability.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="tl-dr"> -<h2>Tl;dr</h2> -<p>The "Telekom Digitalisierungsbox Glasfasermodem" is a GPON ONT in SFP form factor that works with an Ubiquiti EdgeRouter -6P's SFP port. You can order it from Telekom or other vendors using the Telekom P/N 40823569 or its EAN 4718937619382. -It costs about the same as the separate plastic box modem, but saves a lot of space and does not require a separate -power supply.</p> -<p>To configure, first access the SFP ONT's web interface at <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.1</tt> by configuring your SPF port's IP to static -<tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.2</tt>. User credentials are either admin/admin or admin/1234. In the web interface, set put PLOAM password into the -"SLID" setting in ASCII mode, then save & reboot the device. Now, configure PPPoE on the router's SFP port using the -PPPoE UID <tt class="docutils literal">[anschlusskennung] [zugangsnummer] "#" [mitbenutzernummer] <span class="pre">"@t-online.de"</span></tt> and your "Persönliches Kennwort" as -PPPoE password. Set the VLAN to <tt class="docutils literal">7</tt>, and you are good to go.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="background"> -<h2>Background</h2> -<p>I moved into a new apartment that has a fiber internet connection operated by Deutsche Telekom. Having made some poor -experiences with AVM's FritzBox brand of routers that is commonly used by German carriers, I decided to use my own -Router instead of the one provided by Deutsche Telekom. Like other German providers, Telekom charges exorbitant amounts -in monthly fees for their routers, so even though my choice ended up being a high-end piece of commercial equipment I -will still be cheaper than going with Telekom's much shittier device when added up over a two-year contract period.</p> -<p>The hardware I chose is the Ubiquiti EdgeRouter 6P. This device is from Ubiquiti's commercial lineup and is intended to -power something like a small branch office of a company. It comes in a small form factor (as opposed to larger rackmount -units), it does not consume a lot of power, it has five PoE-capable Ethernet ports which I can directly connect up to -the Ubiquiti Unifi UAP access point that I already have, and it has a powerful configuration interface. It can even -act as a VPN endpoint!</p> -<p>Telekom's fiber internet offering for residential customers is GPON-based. GPON stands for "Gigabit Passive Optical -Network" and means that instead of patching through one fiber or pair of fibers to each customer, several customers in -one building are connected to a single fiber through optical splitters. These optical splitters are passive, i.e. they -are just fancy pieces of glass and fibers and do not require electrical power. The advantage of GPON is lower initial -cost for the operator, the disadvantage is that competing providers can only ever hope to get traffic handed through by -Telekom and will never be able to use their own equipment on the "network" end of the fiber.</p> -<p>Telekom wants you to connect to its fiber network through a small plastic box that they call "modem", and that the rest -of the world calls "ONT", or Optical Network Terminator. Telekom's ONT has an upstream optical port with an LC -connector, and a regular RJ45 ethernet port downstream. The "modem" in fact contains an entire linux system that -terminates the ITU-standard suite of protocols that is used to manage what happens on the fiber, e.g. scheduling of -transmission slots and adjustment of transmitter laser power.</p> -<p>Looking at Telekom's plastic box ONT and my nice and shiny EdgeRouter, I was not a fan of this solution. Doing some -research I found out that you can in fact get GPON ONTs in an SFP module form factor. My EdgeRouter has an SFP slot, so -if I could get one of these that is compatible with Telekom's GPON flavor I could theoretically just plug it into my -EdgeRouter's SFP slot with no separate power supply needed, saving a lot of space in the process.</p> -<p>Finding a GPON SFP ONT that is compatible with Telekom's network turned out to be the hard part. While there are lots of -commercial devices that look like they <em>should be</em> compatible, I could not be sure and I did not feel like sinking lots -of money and weeks of trial and error into figuring out which are and which are not. After about half a dozen calls with -various Telekom customer service departments I found the solution that ultimately ended up working: For their business -customer fiber internet offering, Telekom uses the same GPON standard, but different ONT equipment. Their router for -business customers is called "Digitalisierungsbox" and it in fact comes with an SFP GPON ONT. And, as it turns out, you -can order that SFP GPON ONT separately for about 50 € (the same as the plastic box one) from either Telekom or a number -of independent online stores. The Telekom part number of the thing is 40823569, the EAN is 4718937619382.</p> -<p>Below is a list of steps that I had to undertake in order to get my EdgeRouter/SFP ONT setup to work.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="hardware-setup"> -<h2>Hardware Setup</h2> -<p>The hardware setup is really simple. The SFP ONU is plugged into the EdgeRouter's SFP port. The ONU is connected to -the Telekom Fiber through the LC/APC to SC/APC adapter cable that is included in its package. Telekom's technician will -install an LC/APC coupler to join both cables. To configure the EdgeRouter, connect yourself through an ethernet cable -<em>on port 2</em>. Ubiquiti's setup wizards assume the WAN interface is either port 1 or the SFP port (port 5), and default to -use port 2 as their LAN interface even when port 5 is configured as the only WAN port. The default IP for the EdgeRouter -is <tt class="docutils literal">192.168.1.1</tt>, and the default UID/PW is ubnt/ubnt.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="configuration"> -<h2>Configuration</h2> -<div class="section" id="getting-access-to-the-sfp-onu-s-config-interface"> -<h3>Getting access to the SFP ONU's config interface</h3> -<p>In this section I am assuming you want to configure the SFP ONU while it is plugged into the EdgeRouter from a laptop -connected to the EdgeRouter's ethernet port 2. To do this, we have to first configure the right IP/subnet on the -EdgeRouter's SFP interface, then patch connections between the SFP ONU and the laptop through the EdgeRouter.</p> -<ol class="arabic simple"> -<li>First, inside the EdgeRouter's config interface we need to configure a static IP with accompanying SNAT rule on the -SFP port to allow us to access the SFP module's web interface through the laptop connected to the EdgeRouter. For -this, configure the eth5 interface (which is the SFP port) to use the static IP <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.2/24</tt>.</li> -</ol> -<figure style="width: 20em"> - <a href="images/edgerouter_sfp_config.png"> - <img src="images/edgerouter_sfp_config.png" alt="The EdgeRouter's graphical configuration interface showing IP - address 10.10.1.2/24 being configured for interface eth5, which is the SFP interface."> - </a> - <figcaption>SFP interface configuration to access the SFP ONU from a laptop connected to the EdgeRouter's LAN - port</figcaption> -</figure><ol class="arabic simple" start="2"> -<li>With the SFP port assigned an IP address, we need to add a NAT rule to forward connections from the configuration -laptop on eth2 to the SFP port. We do this by adding a source NAT rule with masquerading enabled, for the TCP -protocol, with destination address <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.0/24</tt> (the SFP config interface's private network).</li> -</ol> -<figure style="width: 20em"> - <a href="images/edgerouter_snat_config.png"> - <img src="images/edgerouter_snat_config.png" alt="The EdgeRouter's graphical configuration interface showing a - source NAT being configured for interface eth5 for TCP protocol connections to destination address 10.10.1.1 - using masquerading."> - </a> - <figcaption>Source NAT configuration to access the SFP ONU from LAN. eth5, masquerading on, TCP, destination - 10.10.1.1 (the SFP ONU's IP).</figcaption> -</figure><ol class="arabic simple" start="3"> -<li>Finally, make sure that your laptop will actually use the EdgeRouter as its gateway for IPs within <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.0/24</tt>. -On the laptop, disable any VPNs, disconnect your Wifi and make sure that IP r shows a default route pointing at the -EdgeRouter's <tt class="docutils literal">192.168.1.1</tt>. If that isn't the case, on Linux you can manually add the necessary route by using -<tt class="docutils literal">sudo ip r a 10.10.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev enp5s0</tt></li> -</ol> -<p>After setting up this temporary route, you should be able to access the SFP ONU's configuration web interface by -pointing a browser at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://10.10.1.1/</span></tt> Just make sure you use plain-text HTTP here, not secure HTTP**S**. The -default login credentials for the device are admin/1234.</p> -<figure style="width: 30em"> - <a href="images/sfp_onu_web_if.png"> - <img src="images/sfp_onu_web_if.png" alt="The SFP ONU configuration web interface is a basic-looking website with - a big Zyxel logo on it. It has menu options named status, setup and management. It shows a system overview - page that lists the device's uptime and software version."> - </a> - <figcaption>The SFP ONU's web interface.</figcaption> -</figure></div> -<div class="section" id="configuring-the-ploam-password-slid-ont-installationskennung"> -<h3>Configuring the PLOAM password / SLID / ONT-Installationskennung</h3> -<p>On the SFP ONU's web interface, we only have to change one single setting: Under "Setup", we have to set what the SFP -ONU calls "SLID" to the PLOAM password for the interface. Telekom calls this the "ONT-Installationskennung". You get -this from your Telekom technician. In the config interface, select ASCII mode and enter the number using the format -<tt class="docutils literal">ABCD000000</tt> with four capital letters followed by six zeros. If necessary, you can read the SFP ONU's serial number -on this page.</p> -<figure style="width: 30em"> - <a href="images/sfp_onu_ploam_pw_config.png"> - <img src="images/sfp_onu_ploam_pw_config.png" alt="The SFP ONU configuration web interface shows its SLID - configuration page. A text field labelled SLID asks the user to enter a value of at most ten characters. As - an example, abcdefg123 is listed."> - </a> - <figcaption>The SFP ONU's config interface to set SLID/PLOAM PW/ONT-Installationskennung.</figcaption> -</figure><p>Press "Save Config" on the top right of the web page, then select "Reset ONU" and click "Apply" under the "Reset ONU" -link on the left. Make sure to not select the factory reset option instead.</p> -<figure style="width: 30em"> - <a href="images/sfp_onu_reset.png"> - <img src="images/sfp_onu_reset.png" alt="The SFP ONU configuration web interface shows its reset ONU page. There - are two options labelled Reset ONU and Reset to factory default settings. The reset ONU option is - selected."> - </a> - <figcaption>Rebooting the SFP ONU.</figcaption> -</figure><p>With the ONU configured, after the reset the "GPON Information" page from the left menu under "Status" from the top menu -should show <tt class="docutils literal">GPON Line Status: O5</tt>. You can now remove the SNAT rule and IP address from the SFP interface in the -EdgeRouter's config. I recommend this since there is no way to change the ONU's default credentials, and leaving the -SNAT rule in place makes it vulnerable to attacks from your LAN. If you use the EdgeRouter's setup wizard in the next -step, that wizard will reset all of these settings.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="configuring-pppoe-and-nat"> -<h3>Configuring PPPoE and NAT</h3> -<p>Our ONU now has a low-level connection to Telekom's fiber network. The next step is to configure the EdgeRouter to -authenticate with the ONU through PPPoE. The easiest way to do this is to use the EdgeRouter's "Basic Setup" wizard as -described in the <cite>EdgeOS User Guide</cite>. In the wizard, select the SFP port (<tt class="docutils literal">eth5</tt>) as the internet/WAN port. Select -<tt class="docutils literal">Internet Connection Type</tt> as <tt class="docutils literal">PPPoE</tt>, then enter the PPPoE credentials you got from your Telekom technician. The -password is your "Persönliches Kennwort" that you also use to log in to your customer account on Telekom's website. The -account name is <tt class="docutils literal">[anschlusskennung] [zugangsnummer] "#" [mitbenutzernummer] <span class="pre">"@t-online.de"</span></tt>, so something like -<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">002712345678012345678901#0001@t-online.de</span></tt>. Enable "Internet connection is on VLAN" and enter VLAN ID <tt class="docutils literal">7</tt>. This is -necessary because of the way Telekom set up their triple play (TV/phone/internet) service. After following through with -the wizard, your internet should be already working on port 2 of the router. Note that despite selecting the SFP port as -the router's WAN port, the wizard will still reserve port 1 (<tt class="docutils literal">eth0</tt>) for another WAN interface, so you will only be -able to access the configuration interface through port 2 (<tt class="docutils literal">eth1</tt>) after the wizard is done. You can of course change -this later.</p> -<p>That's it, you're done and your internet should be working!</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="section" id="having-fun-with-the-spf-gpon-onu"> -<h2>Having Fun with the SPF GPON ONU</h2> -<p>If you want to dig deeper into the internals of Telekom's GPON implementation, the SFP ONU's firmware is a great -starting point. Default credentials are all admin/admin or admin/1234 and you can even get a regular busybox shell on -the device through SSH. The device's firmware is based on OpenWRT, and the source for large parts of the core control -components can be found under open source licenses as well. While I would strictly advice you to not mess around with -the actual modem settings because due to GPON you share a medium with your neighbors and might very well disrupt their -internet if you mess up, inspecting the ONU's firmware is a great way to learn about the inner workings of a modern GPON -network.</p> -<p>If you are interested in messing around with the SFP ONU, there is a github repository where interesting thins are -collected <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/xvzf/zyxel-gpon-sfp/issues">here</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</main> - - <footer> - -<script> -(function() { - function center_el(tagName) { - var tags = document.getElementsByTagName(tagName), i, tag; - for (i = 0; i < tags.length; i++) { - tag = tags[i]; - var parent = tag.parentElement; - - if (parent.childNodes.length === 1) { - - if (parent.nodeName === 'A') { - parent = parent.parentElement; - if (parent.childNodes.length != 1) continue; - } - if (parent.nodeName === 'P') parent.style.textAlign = 'center'; - } - } - } - var tagNames = ['img', 'embed', 'object']; - for (var i = 0; i < tagNames.length; i++) { - center_el(tagNames[i]); - } -})(); -</script> - - - <div id="license-info"> - ©2020 by Jan Götte. 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