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author: jaseg <git@jaseg.de> 2022-03-01 22:46:17 +0100
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+<div class="article-meta">
+<h1><span class="title">Ubiquiti EdgeRouter on Deutsche Telekom GPON Fiber</span></h1>
+
+<h2 class="date">2022/02/21</h2>
+<p class="terms">
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<main>
+<div class="document">
+
+
+<div class="section" id="disclaimer">
+<h2>Disclaimer</h2>
+<p>I provide this guide as a reference for other knowledgeable users without any warranty. Please feel free to use this as
+a resource but do not hold me responsible if this does not work for you. There is a significant chance that due to an
+error on my side or due to Telekom changing their setup this guide will not work for you, and you may end up having to
+pay for an unsuccessful Telekom technician visit. That is your own risk, and I do not assume any liability.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tl-dr">
+<h2>Tl;dr</h2>
+<p>The &quot;Telekom Digitalisierungsbox Glasfasermodem&quot; is a GPON ONT in SFP form factor that works with an Ubiquiti EdgeRouter
+6P's SFP port. You can order it from Telekom or other vendors using the Telekom P/N 40823569 or its EAN 4718937619382.
+It costs about the same as the separate plastic box modem, but saves a lot of space and does not require a separate
+power supply.</p>
+<p>To configure, first access the SFP ONT's web interface at <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.1</tt> by configuring your SPF port's IP to static
+<tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.2</tt>. User credentials are either admin/admin or admin/1234. In the web interface, set put PLOAM password into the
+&quot;SLID&quot; setting in ASCII mode, then save &amp; reboot the device. Now, configure PPPoE on the router's SFP port using the
+PPPoE UID <tt class="docutils literal">[anschlusskennung] [zugangsnummer] &quot;#&quot; [mitbenutzernummer] <span class="pre">&quot;&#64;t-online.de&quot;</span></tt> and your &quot;Persönliches Kennwort&quot; as
+PPPoE password. Set the VLAN to <tt class="docutils literal">7</tt>, and you are good to go.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="background">
+<h2>Background</h2>
+<p>I moved into a new apartment that has a fiber internet connection operated by Deutsche Telekom. Having made some poor
+experiences with AVM's FritzBox brand of routers that is commonly used by German carriers, I decided to use my own
+Router instead of the one provided by Deutsche Telekom. Like other German providers, Telekom charges exorbitant amounts
+in monthly fees for their routers, so even though my choice ended up being a high-end piece of commercial equipment I
+will still be cheaper than going with Telekom's much shittier device when added up over a two-year contract period.</p>
+<p>The hardware I chose is the Ubiquiti EdgeRouter 6P. This device is from Ubiquiti's commercial lineup and is intended to
+power something like a small branch office of a company. It comes in a small form factor (as opposed to larger rackmount
+units), it does not consume a lot of power, it has five PoE-capable Ethernet ports which I can directly connect up to
+the Ubiquiti Unifi UAP access point that I already have, and it has a powerful configuration interface. It can even
+act as a VPN endpoint!</p>
+<p>Telekom's fiber internet offering for residential customers is GPON-based. GPON stands for &quot;Gigabit Passive Optical
+Network&quot; and means that instead of patching through one fiber or pair of fibers to each customer, several customers in
+one building are connected to a single fiber through optical splitters. These optical splitters are passive, i.e. they
+are just fancy pieces of glass and fibers and do not require electrical power. The advantage of GPON is lower initial
+cost for the operator, the disadvantage is that competing providers can only ever hope to get traffic handed through by
+Telekom and will never be able to use their own equipment on the &quot;network&quot; end of the fiber.</p>
+<p>Telekom wants you to connect to its fiber network through a small plastic box that they call &quot;modem&quot;, and that the rest
+of the world calls &quot;ONT&quot;, or Optical Network Terminator. Telekom's ONT has an upstream optical port with an LC
+connector, and a regular RJ45 ethernet port downstream. The &quot;modem&quot; in fact contains an entire linux system that
+terminates the ITU-standard suite of protocols that is used to manage what happens on the fiber, e.g. scheduling of
+transmission slots and adjustment of transmitter laser power.</p>
+<p>Looking at Telekom's plastic box ONT and my nice and shiny EdgeRouter, I was not a fan of this solution. Doing some
+research I found out that you can in fact get GPON ONTs in an SFP module form factor. My EdgeRouter has an SFP slot, so
+if I could get one of these that is compatible with Telekom's GPON flavor I could theoretically just plug it into my
+EdgeRouter's SFP slot with no separate power supply needed, saving a lot of space in the process.</p>
+<p>Finding a GPON SFP ONT that is compatible with Telekom's network turned out to be the hard part. While there are lots of
+commercial devices that look like they <em>should be</em> compatible, I could not be sure and I did not feel like sinking lots
+of money and weeks of trial and error into figuring out which are and which are not. After about half a dozen calls with
+various Telekom customer service departments I found the solution that ultimately ended up working: For their business
+customer fiber internet offering, Telekom uses the same GPON standard, but different ONT equipment. Their router for
+business customers is called &quot;Digitalisierungsbox&quot; and it in fact comes with an SFP GPON ONT. And, as it turns out, you
+can order that SFP GPON ONT separately for about 50 € (the same as the plastic box one) from either Telekom or a number
+of independent online stores. The Telekom part number of the thing is 40823569, the EAN is 4718937619382.</p>
+<p>Below is a list of steps that I had to undertake in order to get my EdgeRouter/SFP ONT setup to work.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hardware-setup">
+<h2>Hardware Setup</h2>
+<p>The hardware setup is really simple. The SFP ONU is plugged into the EdgeRouter's SFP port. The ONU is connected to
+the Telekom Fiber through the LC/APC to SC/APC adapter cable that is included in its package. Telekom's technician will
+install an LC/APC coupler to join both cables. To configure the EdgeRouter, connect yourself through an ethernet cable
+<em>on port 2</em>. Ubiquiti's setup wizards assume the WAN interface is either port 1 or the SFP port (port 5), and default to
+use port 2 as their LAN interface even when port 5 is configured as the only WAN port. The default IP for the EdgeRouter
+is <tt class="docutils literal">192.168.1.1</tt>, and the default UID/PW is ubnt/ubnt.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="configuration">
+<h2>Configuration</h2>
+<div class="section" id="getting-access-to-the-sfp-onu-s-config-interface">
+<h3>Getting access to the SFP ONU's config interface</h3>
+<p>In this section I am assuming you want to configure the SFP ONU while it is plugged into the EdgeRouter from a laptop
+connected to the EdgeRouter's ethernet port 2. To do this, we have to first configure the right IP/subnet on the
+EdgeRouter's SFP interface, then patch connections between the SFP ONU and the laptop through the EdgeRouter.</p>
+<ol class="arabic simple">
+<li>First, inside the EdgeRouter's config interface we need to configure a static IP with accompanying SNAT rule on the
+SFP port to allow us to access the SFP module's web interface through the laptop connected to the EdgeRouter. For
+this, configure the eth5 interface (which is the SFP port) to use the static IP <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.2/24</tt>.</li>
+</ol>
+<figure style="width: 20em">
+    <a href="images/edgerouter_sfp_config.png">
+    <img src="images/edgerouter_sfp_config.png" alt="The EdgeRouter's graphical configuration interface showing IP
+       address 10.10.1.2/24 being configured for interface eth5, which is the SFP interface.">
+    </a>
+    <figcaption>SFP interface configuration to access the SFP ONU from a laptop connected to the EdgeRouter's LAN
+        port</figcaption>
+</figure><ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
+<li>With the SFP port assigned an IP address, we need to add a NAT rule to forward connections from the configuration
+laptop on eth2 to the SFP port. We do this by adding a source NAT rule with masquerading enabled, for the TCP
+protocol, with destination address <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.0/24</tt> (the SFP config interface's private network).</li>
+</ol>
+<figure style="width: 20em">
+    <a href="images/edgerouter_snat_config.png">
+    <img src="images/edgerouter_snat_config.png" alt="The EdgeRouter's graphical configuration interface showing a
+        source NAT being configured for interface eth5 for TCP protocol connections to destination address 10.10.1.1
+        using masquerading.">
+    </a>
+    <figcaption>Source NAT configuration to access the SFP ONU from LAN. eth5, masquerading on, TCP, destination
+        10.10.1.1 (the SFP ONU's IP).</figcaption>
+</figure><ol class="arabic simple" start="3">
+<li>Finally, make sure that your laptop will actually use the EdgeRouter as its gateway for IPs within <tt class="docutils literal">10.10.1.0/24</tt>.
+On the laptop, disable any VPNs, disconnect your Wifi and make sure that IP r shows a default route pointing at the
+EdgeRouter's <tt class="docutils literal">192.168.1.1</tt>. If that isn't the case, on Linux you can manually add the necessary route by using
+<tt class="docutils literal">sudo ip r a 10.10.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev enp5s0</tt></li>
+</ol>
+<p>After setting up this temporary route, you should be able to access the SFP ONU's configuration web interface by
+pointing a browser at <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://10.10.1.1/</span></tt> Just make sure you use plain-text HTTP here, not secure HTTP**S**. The
+default login credentials for the device are admin/1234.</p>
+<figure style="width: 30em">
+    <a href="images/sfp_onu_web_if.png">
+    <img src="images/sfp_onu_web_if.png" alt="The SFP ONU configuration web interface is a basic-looking website with
+        a big Zyxel logo on it. It has menu options named status, setup and management. It shows a system overview
+        page that lists the device's uptime and software version.">
+    </a>
+    <figcaption>The SFP ONU's web interface.</figcaption>
+</figure></div>
+<div class="section" id="configuring-the-ploam-password-slid-ont-installationskennung">
+<h3>Configuring the PLOAM password / SLID / ONT-Installationskennung</h3>
+<p>On the SFP ONU's web interface, we only have to change one single setting: Under &quot;Setup&quot;, we have to set what the SFP
+ONU calls &quot;SLID&quot; to the PLOAM password for the interface. Telekom calls this the &quot;ONT-Installationskennung&quot;. You get
+this from your Telekom technician. In the config interface, select ASCII mode and enter the number using the format
+<tt class="docutils literal">ABCD000000</tt> with four capital letters followed by six zeros. If necessary, you can read the SFP ONU's serial number
+on this page.</p>
+<figure style="width: 30em">
+    <a href="images/sfp_onu_ploam_pw_config.png">
+    <img src="images/sfp_onu_ploam_pw_config.png" alt="The SFP ONU configuration web interface shows its SLID
+        configuration page. A text field labelled SLID asks the user to enter a value of at most ten characters. As
+        an example, abcdefg123 is listed.">
+    </a>
+    <figcaption>The SFP ONU's config interface to set SLID/PLOAM PW/ONT-Installationskennung.</figcaption>
+</figure><p>Press &quot;Save Config&quot; on the top right of the web page, then select &quot;Reset ONU&quot; and click &quot;Apply&quot; under the &quot;Reset ONU&quot;
+link on the left. Make sure to not select the factory reset option instead.</p>
+<figure style="width: 30em">
+    <a href="images/sfp_onu_reset.png">
+    <img src="images/sfp_onu_reset.png" alt="The SFP ONU configuration web interface shows its reset ONU page. There
+        are two options labelled Reset ONU and Reset to factory default settings. The reset ONU option is
+        selected.">
+    </a>
+    <figcaption>Rebooting the SFP ONU.</figcaption>
+</figure><p>With the ONU configured, after the reset the &quot;GPON Information&quot; page from the left menu under &quot;Status&quot; from the top menu
+should show <tt class="docutils literal">GPON Line Status: O5</tt>. You can now remove the SNAT rule and IP address from the SFP interface in the
+EdgeRouter's config. I recommend this since there is no way to change the ONU's default credentials, and leaving the
+SNAT rule in place makes it vulnerable to attacks from your LAN. If you use the EdgeRouter's setup wizard in the next
+step, that wizard will reset all of these settings.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="configuring-pppoe-and-nat">
+<h3>Configuring PPPoE and NAT</h3>
+<p>Our ONU now has a low-level connection to Telekom's fiber network. The next step is to configure the EdgeRouter to
+authenticate with the ONU through PPPoE. The easiest way to do this is to use the EdgeRouter's &quot;Basic Setup&quot; wizard as
+described in the <cite>EdgeOS User Guide</cite>. In the wizard, select the SFP port (<tt class="docutils literal">eth5</tt>) as the internet/WAN port. Select
+<tt class="docutils literal">Internet Connection Type</tt> as <tt class="docutils literal">PPPoE</tt>, then enter the PPPoE credentials you got from your Telekom technician. The
+password is your &quot;Persönliches Kennwort&quot; that you also use to log in to your customer account on Telekom's website. The
+account name is <tt class="docutils literal">[anschlusskennung] [zugangsnummer] &quot;#&quot; [mitbenutzernummer] <span class="pre">&quot;&#64;t-online.de&quot;</span></tt>, so something like
+<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">002712345678012345678901#0001&#64;t-online.de</span></tt>. Enable &quot;Internet connection is on VLAN&quot; and enter VLAN ID <tt class="docutils literal">7</tt>. This is
+necessary because of the way Telekom set up their triple play (TV/phone/internet) service. After following through with
+the wizard, your internet should be already working on port 2 of the router. Note that despite selecting the SFP port as
+the router's WAN port, the wizard will still reserve port 1 (<tt class="docutils literal">eth0</tt>) for another WAN interface, so you will only be
+able to access the configuration interface through port 2 (<tt class="docutils literal">eth1</tt>) after the wizard is done. You can of course change
+this later.</p>
+<p>That's it, you're done and your internet should be working!</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="having-fun-with-the-spf-gpon-onu">
+<h2>Having Fun with the SPF GPON ONU</h2>
+<p>If you want to dig deeper into the internals of Telekom's GPON implementation, the SFP ONU's firmware is a great
+starting point. Default credentials are all admin/admin or admin/1234 and you can even get a regular busybox shell on
+the device through SSH. The device's firmware is based on OpenWRT, and the source for large parts of the core control
+components can be found under open source licenses as well. While I would strictly advice you to not mess around with
+the actual modem settings because due to GPON you share a medium with your neighbors and might very well disrupt their
+internet if you mess up, inspecting the ONU's firmware is a great way to learn about the inner workings of a modern GPON
+network.</p>
+<p>If you are interested in messing around with the SFP ONU, there is a github repository where interesting thins are
+collected <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/xvzf/zyxel-gpon-sfp/issues">here</a>.</p>
+</div>
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author	jaseg <git@jaseg.de>	2022-03-01 22:46:17 +0100
committer	jaseg <git@jaseg.de>	2022-03-01 22:46:17 +0100
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